scholarly journals Measles Virus Spread and Pathogenesis in Genetically Modified Mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 7420-7427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Mrkic ◽  
Jovan Pavlovic ◽  
Thomas Rülicke ◽  
Pietro Volpe ◽  
Christian J. Buchholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Beta Interferon ◽  
Targeted Mutation ◽  
High Affinity Receptor ◽  
Affinity Receptor ◽  
Alpha Beta

Attenuated Edmonston measles virus (MV-Edm) is not pathogenic in standard mice. We show here that MV-Edm inoculated via the natural respiratory route has a limited propagation in the lungs of mice with a targeted mutation inactivating the alpha/beta interferon receptor. A high dose of MV-Edm administered intracerebrally is lethal for about half of these mice. To study the consequences of the availability of a high-affinity receptor for MV propagation, we generated alpha/beta interferon-defective mice expressing human CD46 with human-like tissue specificity. Intranasal infection of these mice with MV-Edm resulted in enhanced spread to the lungs and more prominent inflammatory response. Virus replication was also detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the spleen, and the liver. Moreover, intracerebral inoculation of adult animals with low MV-Edm doses caused encephalitis with almost inevitably lethal outcome. We conclude that in mice alpha/beta interferon controls MV infection and that a high-affinity receptor facilitates, but is not strictly required for, MV spread and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals The human interleukin 2 receptor beta chain (p70). Direct identification, partial purification, and patterns of expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharon ◽  
J P Siegel ◽  
G Tosato ◽  
J Yodoi ◽  
T L Gerrard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Beta Chain ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
High Affinity Receptor ◽  
Affinity Receptor ◽  
Receptor Beta

IL-2 binds to high- and low-affinity receptors on activated T cells. The high-affinity receptor was hypothesized to consist of the noncovalent association between the alpha chain (IL-2-R-alpha, p55) and a beta chain (IL-2-R-beta, p70), whereas the low-affinity receptor consists of p55 without p70. We now directly identify p70 as a 65-77-kD glycoprotein doublet. Preparative quantities of the IL-2/p70 complex have been isolated. Further, we demonstrate that p70 is the principal IL-2 binding protein on both resting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and that both p70 and p55 can be induced on normal B cells and monocytes.

scholarly journals Evasion of Host Defenses by Measles Virus: Wild-Type Measles Virus Infection Interferes with Induction of Alpha/Beta Interferon Production

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (16) ◽  
pp. 7478-7484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Naniche ◽  
Annie Yeh ◽  
Danelle Eto ◽  
Marianne Manchester ◽  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antiviral Immunity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Alpha Beta

ABSTRACT Measles is a highly contagious disease currently responsible for over one million childhood deaths, particularly in the developing world. Since alpha/beta interferons (IFNs) are pivotal players both in nonspecific antiviral immunity and in specific cellular responses, their induction or suppression by measles virus (MV) could influence the outcome of a viral infection. In this study we compare the IFN induction and sensitivity of laboratory-passaged attenuated MV strains Edmonston and Moraten with those of recent wild-type viruses isolated and passaged solely on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or on the B958 marmoset B-cell line. We report that two PBMC-grown wild-type measles isolates and two B958-grown strains of MV induce 10- to 80-fold-lower production of IFN by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) compared to Edmonston and Moraten strains of measles. Preinfection of PBL with these non-IFN-inducing MV isolates prevents Edmonston-induced but not double-stranded-RNA-induced IFN production. This suggests that the wild-type viruses can actively inhibit Edmonston-induced IFN synthesis and that this is not occurring by double-stranded RNA. Furthermore, the wild-type MV is more sensitive than Edmonston MV to the effect of IFN. MV is thus able to suppress the synthesis of the earliest mediator of antiviral immunity, IFN-α/β. This could have important implications in the virulence and spread of MV.

scholarly journals IL-33 and Superantigenic Activation of Human Lung Mast Cells Induce the Release of Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Factors

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cristinziano ◽  
Remo Poto ◽  
Gjada Criscuolo ◽  
Anne Lise Ferrara ◽  
Maria Rosaria Galdiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Protein L ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
High Affinity Receptor ◽  
Affinity Receptor ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions

Human lung mast cells (HLMCs) express the high-affinity receptor FcεRI for IgE and are strategically located in different compartments of human lung, where they play a role in several inflammatory disorders and cancer. Immunoglobulin superantigens (e.g., protein A of Staphylococcus aureus and protein L of Peptostreptococcus magnus) bind to the variable regions of either the heavy (VH3) or light chain (κ) of IgE. IL-33 is a cytokine expressed by epithelial cells that exerts pleiotropic functions in the lung. The present study investigated whether immunoglobulin superantigens protein A and protein L and IL-33 caused the release of inflammatory (histamine), angiogenic (VEGF-A) and lymphangiogenic (VEGF-C) factors from HLMCs. The results show that protein A and protein L induced the rapid (30 min) release of preformed histamine from HLMCs. By contrast, IL-33 did not induce the release of histamine from lung mast cells. Prolonged incubation (12 h) of HLMCs with superantigens and IL-33 induced the release of VEGF-A and VEGF-C. Preincubation with IL-33 potentiated the superantigenic release of histamine, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors from HLMCs. Our results suggest that IL-33 might enhance the inflammatory, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic activities of lung mast cells in pulmonary disorders.

The Temporal Distribution of the 1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Receptor in the Rat Jejunal Villus

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. H. Chan ◽  
D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
High Affinity Receptor ◽  
Affinity Receptor ◽  
Cell Fractions ◽  
Crypt Cells

1. The distribution of the 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptor was studied in enterocytes isolated from the upper, mid and lower villus and crypt cells of the jejunum of normal and rachitic rats. 2. In all cell fractions a high-affinity receptor (KD ⋍ 0.07 nmol/l) with a sedimentation coefficient of 3.5S was demonstrated. 3. In normal rats there was a 60% reduction in receptor numbers in crypt cells compared with the mid and upper villous cells. 4. Vitamin D deficiency led to a reduction in receptor numbers in all cell fractions (45% upper villus, 78% crypt cells). 5. The data are compatible with the concept of calcium absorption occurring in the differentiated villous cells and also account for the reduction in absorption in rachitic animals.

scholarly journals Neuropilin-2, a Novel Member of the Neuropilin Family, Is a High Affinity Receptor for the Semaphorins Sema E and Sema IV but Not Sema III

Neuron ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Chen ◽  
Alain Chédotal ◽  
Zhigang He ◽  
Corey S Goodman ◽  
Marc Tessier-Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
High Affinity ◽  
High Affinity Receptor ◽  
Affinity Receptor
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