scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis of Diverse Mice Reveals Hepatic Arginase-1 as Source of Plasma Arginase in Plasmodium chabaudi Infection

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Davis ◽  
Michelle M. Lissner ◽  
Crystal L. Richards ◽  
Victoria Chevée ◽  
Avni S. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Plasmodium Chabaudi ◽  
Arginase 1

Malaria is a severe and sometimes fatal infectious disease endemic to tropical and subtropical regions. Effective vaccines against malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites remain elusive, and malaria treatments often fail to prevent severe disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Han Choi ◽  
Han Wool Kim ◽  
Ji-Man Kang ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Eun Young Cho
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, is a novel infectious disease that causes respiratory illness and death. Pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than that in adults; however, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Even neonates can suffer from COVID-19, and children may spread the disease in the community. This review summarizes what is currently known about COVID-19 in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Systematic analysis of infectious disease outcomes by age shows lowest severity in school-age children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith R. Glynn ◽  
Paul A. H Moss
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has ignited interest in age-specific manifestations of infection but surprisingly little is known about relative severity of infectious disease between the extremes of age. In a systematic analysis we identified 142 datasets with information on severity of disease by age for 32 different infectious diseases, 19 viral and 13 bacterial. For almost all infections, school-age children have the least severe disease, and severity starts to rise long before old age. Indeed, for many infections even young adults have more severe disease than children, and dengue was the only infection that was most severe in school-age children. Together with data on vaccine response in children and young adults, the findings suggest peak immune function is reached around 5–14 years of age. Relative immune senescence may begin much earlier than assumed, before accelerating in older age groups. This has major implications for understanding resilience to infection, optimal vaccine scheduling, and appropriate health protection policies across the life course.

scholarly journals An 11-Year-Old Boy Infected with COVID-19 with Presentation of Acute Liver Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Saeed ◽  
Eslam Shorafa ◽  
Iraj Shahramian ◽  
Mahdi Afshari ◽  
Mehrdad Salahifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Then, it spread to the whole world so that THE World Health Organization (WHO) declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a novel and mysterious infectious disease that causes respiratory illness, multiorgan failure (MOF), and death. Although pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than in adults, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Liver involvement in COVID-19 and its severity have not been clearly investigated. In this paper, we present an 11-year-old boy admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with COVID-19 diagnosis in combination with elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin.

scholarly journals Quantifying the consequences of measles-induced immune modulation for whooping cough epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1775) ◽  
pp. 20180270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navideh Noori ◽  
Pejman Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Measles, an acute viral disease, continues to be an important cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Infection with the measles virus is thought to be associated with a transient but profound period of immune suppression. Recently, it has been claimed that measles-induced immune manipulation lasts for about 30 months and results in increased susceptibility to other co-circulating infectious diseases and more severe disease outcomes upon infection. We tested this hypothesis using model-based inference applied to parallel historical records of measles and whooping cough mortality and morbidity. Specifically, we used maximum likelihood to fit a mechanistic transmission model to incidence data from three different eras, spanning mortality records from 1904 to 1912 and 1922 to 1932 and morbidity records from 1946 to 1956. Our aim was to quantify the timing, severity and pathogenesis impacts of measles-induced immune modulation and their consequences for whooping cough epidemiology across a temporal gradient of measles transmission. We identified an increase in susceptibility to whooping cough following recent measles infection by approximately 85-, 10- and 36-fold for the three eras, respectively, although the duration of this effect was variable. Overall, while the immune impacts of measles may be strong and clearly evident at the individual level, their epidemiological signature in these data appears both modest and inconsistent. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.

scholarly journals Association between comorbidities and disease severity in COVID-19 patients of an infectious diseases hospital in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Elena Kaverina ◽  
Taudgirdas Persuad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Blood Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Hospital

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the severity of COVID-19 and various comorbidities in hospitalized patients. For this reason, patient histories of 500 patients who were hospitalized in the infectious disease hospital (Moscow, Russia) during the coronavirus pandemic were analyzed. The results showed that cardiovascular and blood diseases, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the central nervous system + psychiatric disorders, and diseases of the urogenital system were all found to be associated with a more severe disease course (X2 = 44.404; p <0.001; X2 = 55.395; p <0.001; X2 = 19.974; p <0.001; X2 = 11.723; p =0.003, respectively), while diseases of the digestive system and liver (including viral hepatitis), HIV infection, and diseases of the respiratory system + ENT organs where not found to be associated with severity of COVID-19 (X2 = 6.949; p =0.031; X2 =1.582; p =0.453; X2 = 0.528; p =0.768, respectively). There was also found no association between pregnancy and severity of COVID-19 (X2 = 0.705; p =0.703). The authors concluded that persons who are known to have comorbidities should take extra precautions to avoid getting infected with SARS-COV-2 since they may be at a higher risk of having a severe disease course if they get sick.

scholarly journals Using secondary cases to characterize the severity of an emerging or re-emerging infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim K. Tsang ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Bingyi Yang ◽  
Simon Cauchemez ◽  
Benjamin J. Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Emerging Infection ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
Extract Information

AbstractThe methods to ascertain cases of an emerging infectious disease are typically biased toward cases with more severe disease, which can bias the average infection-severity profile. Here, we conducted a systematic review to extract information on disease severity among index cases and secondary cases identified by contact tracing of index cases for COVID-19. We identified 38 studies to extract information on measures of clinical severity. The proportion of index cases with fever was 43% higher than for secondary cases. The proportion of symptomatic, hospitalized, and fatal illnesses among index cases were 12%, 126%, and 179% higher than for secondary cases, respectively. We developed a statistical model to utilize the severity difference, and estimate 55% of index cases were missed in Wuhan, China. Information on disease severity in secondary cases should be less susceptible to ascertainment bias and could inform estimates of disease severity and the proportion of missed index cases.

scholarly journals Do we know enough to find an adjunctive therapy for cerebral malaria in African children?

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany A. Riggle ◽  
Louis H. Miller ◽  
Susan K. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Mechanism ◽  
Cerebral Disease ◽  
African Children

Cerebral malaria is the deadliest complication of malaria, a febrile infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasite. Any of the five human Plasmodium species can cause disease, but, for unknown reasons, in approximately 2 million cases each year P. falciparum progresses to severe disease, ultimately resulting in half a million deaths. The majority of these deaths are in children under the age of five. Currently, there is no way to predict which child will progress to severe disease and there are no adjunctive therapies to halt the symptoms after onset. Herein, we discuss what is known about the disease mechanism of one form of severe malaria, cerebral malaria, and how we might exploit this understanding to rescue children in the throes of cerebral disease.

scholarly journals COVID -19 AND DIABETES MELLITUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Gopal Chandra Nath
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Introduction: Covid 19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Diabetes Mellitus is a significant predictor of mortality and morbidity in patients with Covid 19. Aims and objective: This study was done to understand the Covid 19 disease in diabetes and its management. Materials and methods: In this study we tried to understand the protocols of management of covid 19 in patients with Diabetes mellitus. Results: What we found in our patients is that rigorous glucose monitoring with careful consideration of drug interactions might decrease the worsening of symtoms and the complications. Conclusion: As patients with Diabetes Mellitus are having severe disease in term of Covid 19 infection, these patients should be strictly monitored and early isolation, diagnosis and early management might collectively contribute to the better control of the disease and outcome. Due to limited number of cases studied, more such studies are needed to understand the pathophysiology of the association between Diabetes and Covid 19.

Hyperthyroidism in children. Dinsmorc (Surg., gyn., a. obst., 1926, no. 2)

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1394-1394
Author(s):  
M. Chalusov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Severe Disease

If before hyperthyroidism in children was considered very rare, now, in the opinion of the author, this interesting and often severe disease should be recognized as more frequent. Usually this disease follows some infectious disease of a child, appears suddenly and develops rapidly.

scholarly journals Metabolomic analysis of diverse mice reveals hepatic arginase-1 as source of plasma arginase in Plasmodium chabaudi infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Davis ◽  
Michelle M Lissner ◽  
Liliana M Massis ◽  
Crystal Lynette Richards ◽  
Victoria Chevée ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Plasmodium Chabaudi ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Arginase 1 ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Mice Liver ◽  
Host Metabolism

Infections disrupt host metabolism, but the factors that dictate the nature and magnitude of metabolic change are incompletely characterized. To determine how host metabolism changes in relation to disease severity in murine malaria, we performed plasma metabolomics on eight Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mouse strains with diverse disease phenotypes. We identified plasma metabolic biomarkers for both the nature and severity of different malarial pathologies. A subset of metabolic changes, including plasma arginine depletion, match the plasma metabolomes of human malaria patients, suggesting new connections between pathology and metabolism in human malaria. In our malarial mice, liver damage, which releases hepatic arginase-1 (Arg1) into circulation, correlated with plasma arginine depletion. We confirmed that hepatic Arg1 was the primary source of increased plasma arginase activity in our model, which motivates further investigation of liver damage in human malaria patients. More broadly, our approach shows how leveraging phenotypic diversity can identify and validate relationships between metabolism and the pathophysiology of infectious disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document