Simplified transfer functions of the dynamic models of convective and radiant tubular heat exchangers

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 786-794
Author(s):  
N. D. Aleksandrova ◽  
N. I. Davydov ◽  
T. G. Tyupina
2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tsihlas ◽  
T. Lacroix ◽  
B. Clayton

Abstract Different numerical sub-structuring techniques for the representation of tire modal behavior have been developed in the past 20 years. By using these numerical techniques reduced dynamic models are obtained which can not only be used for internal studies but also be provided to the automobile industry and linked to reduced dynamic vehicle models in order to optimize the coupled vehicle-tire response for noise vibration and harshness purposes. Two techniques that have been developed in a custom-made finite element code are presented: 1) the component mode synthesis type models for which the wheel center interface is free and 2) the Craig and Bampton type models for which the wheel center interface is fixed. For both techniques the interface between the tire and the ground is fixed. The choice of fixed or free wheel center boundary condition is arbitrary. In this paper we will compare the formulation of these two numerical methods, and we will show the equivalency of both methods by showing the results obtained in terms of frequency and transfer functions. We will show that the two methods are equivalent in principle and the reduced dynamic models can be converted from one to the other. The advantages-disadvantages of each method will be discussed along with a comparison with experimentally obtained results.


Author(s):  
Fatemeh Heidari ◽  
Mohammad Vakil ◽  
Reza Fotouhi ◽  
Peter N Nikiforuk

The assumed mode shape method has been widely used to derive finite degree-of-freedom dynamic models for flexible-link manipulators, which theoretically have infinite degree-of-freedom dynamics. For a single flexible manipulator, this approximation changes locations of the zeros of transfer functions between base torque and end-effector displacement. The change in locations of zeros considerably affects accuracy of the model and therefore the performance of model-based controllers. This article presents a comprehensive study on the change in locations of zeros due to the truncation associated with assumed mode shape method. It is shown that the locations of approximate zeros depend on four non-dimensional parameters, whereas the locations of analytical zeros depend on only two non-dimensional parameters. Approximate zeros are obtained from assumed mode shape method models, whereas analytical zeros are derived from infinite order models. A thorough study of the differences between approximate zeros and analytical zeros versus the number of mode shapes as well as all the physical parameters is performed. Moreover, guidelines are provided to select the numbers of mode shapes such that the approximate zeros become close to the analytical zeros. These guidelines can easily be used by control and modeling engineers, making them valuable for modeling and control of flexible robot manipulators.


2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ansorena ◽  
C. del Valle ◽  
V.O. Salvadori

Design and optimization of thermal processing of foods need accurate dynamic models to ensure safe and high quality food products. Transfer functions had been demonstrated to be a useful tool to predict thermal histories, especially under variable operating conditions. This work presents the development and experimental validation of a dynamic model (discrete transfer function) for the thermal processing of tuna fish in steam retorts. Transfer function coefficients were obtained numerically, using commercial software of finite elements (COMSOL Multiphysics) to solve the heat transfer balance. Dependence of transfer function coefficients on the characteristic dimensions of cylindrical containers (diameter and height) and on the sampling interval is reported. A simple equation, with two empirical parameters that depends on the container dimensions, represented the behavior of transfer function coefficients with very high accuracy. Experimental runs with different size containers and different external conditions (constant and variable retort temperature) were carried out to validate the developed methodology. Performance of the thermal process simulation was tested for predicting internal product temperature of the cold point and lethality and very satisfactory results were found. The developed methodology can play an important role in reducing the computational effort while guaranteeing accuracy by simplifying the calculus involved in the solution of heat balances with variable external conditions and emerges as a potential approach to the implementation of new food control strategies leading not only to more efficient processes but also to product quality and safety.


1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvid Hempel

The aim of the present work has been to present relatively simple transfer functions for steam/liquid heat exchangers, relating outlet liquid temperature to variations in, respectively, the steam temperature, the liquid velocity, and the inlet liquid temperature. The transfer functions are first obtained from the partial differential equations of the system and then simplified. From the simplified expressions the transient response can readily be obtained and, in addition, they are of a form easily simulated on an analog computer. Experimental frequency response data are provided. An analog computer proved useful in analyzing phase lag and amplitude ratio in the frequency response measurement.


1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wik

An important step towards optimization and control of wastewater treatment plants is the development of dynamic models and efficient methods of simulation. Using standard simplifying assumptions, non-rational transfer function models describing the fast dynamics of nitrifying trickling filters, are derived. With a method based on the location of their singularities, it is shown how low order rational transfer functions can approximate the non-rational ones. These transfer functions can be used in efficient simulation routines and in standard methods of controller design. Effluent concentrations from trace substance pulse response experiments and an experiment with varying flow and varying influent ammonium concentration carried out on a large pilot plant NTF show close agreement with simulated effluent concentrations using the rational transfer functions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Vladimir Volkov-Muzylev ◽  
Yuri Borisov ◽  
Nikolay Fominykh

The article is dedicated to a design of a pilot model of a 60 MW installation, operating according to a new promising compressorless combined cycle. In the course of the study, the weight-size parameters and functional indicators of the main parts of the energy complex were preliminarily determined. The auxiliary components of a compressorless combined cycle unit were selected, such as pumps, heat exchangers, compressors, pipelines and etc. Within a draft elaboration, preliminary weight, size and functional parameters of a turbine unit were defined, solutions were found for two groups of pumping equipment, and a plant prototype was designed. Additionally, the weight and size parameters of the plate heat exchangers were determined and a special design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers was designed to return the heat of combustion products. The results, obtained during the study, make it possible to simulate the behavior (develop dynamic models) of a compressorless combined cycle unit in all operating modes (from start-up to shutdown) under various conditions, as well as to carry out a feasibility study for the creation of such installations.


Author(s):  
С.А. Мамаев ◽  
В.М. Дорофеев ◽  
А.С. Мамаев

Представлены результаты исследований, направленных на создание динамических моделей сооружений, пригодных для расчета на сейсмостойкость. Рассмотрен метод определения параметров моделей на основе инженерно-сейсмометрической информации. Приведены примеры определения динамических параметров одномассовой модели для детерминированного и статистического случаев. Динамические нагрузки на сооружения характеризуются изменением динамических характеристик сооружения, возникающие колебаниями при землетрясениях и взрывах, при ударах массивных тел и т.д. Колебательный характер имеют не только перемещения точек сооружения, но и внутренние усилия и напряжения в его элементах. Определение ожидаемых амплитуд перемещений, внутренних усилий и напряжений в сооружении при его колебаниях под действием динамической нагрузки, т.е. при вынужденных колебаниях и сравнение их с допустимыми значениями составляют основное содержание динамического расчёта сооружения. Допустимые значения амплитуд внутренних усилий обусловлены требованиями прочности и долговечности строительных конструкций, а значения амплитуд скоростей и ускорений колебаний зданий и сооружений, в которых находятся люди или помещение производства с точной технологией, требованиями безвредного влияния колебаний на здоровье людей и на качество выпускаемой продукции Савович, 2005. По записям сейсмометрических приборов, установленных на покрытии здания, приблизительно определяются собственные периоды колебаний сооружений. В основном эти измерения соответствуют действительному периоду собственного колебания сооружения (основному тону собственных колебаний) лишь при небольших сейсмических воздействиях, микросейсмах или специально возбуждаемых для подобных исследований искусственных колебаний, т.к. при достаточно сильных сейсмических воздействиях выделение видимого периода значительно осложнено. Для определения динамических параметров зданий и возможности использования методов расчета сооружений с применением импульсных передаточных функций разработаны статистические методы решения обратных задач по восстановлению подобных передаточных функций на базе инженерно-сейсмометрической информации. Анализ зарегистрированных на инженерно-сейсмометрических станциях процессов входа и (основание, фундамент) и выхода (покрытие, перекрытия) позволяет определять импульсные передаточные функции, после чего решить приведенные интегральные уравнения Дейч, 1979 Denisov et al., 1986. The results of studies aimed at creating dynamic models of structures suitable for calculating earthquake resistance are presented. A method for determining model parameters based on engineering-seismometric information is considered. Examples of determining the dynamic parameters of a single-mass model for deterministic and statistical cases are given. Dynamic loads on structures are characterized by a change in the dynamic characteristics of the structure, arising from vibrations during earthquakes and explosions, when massive bodies are struck, etc. Not only the movement of the points of the structure, but also the internal forces and stresses in its elements are oscillatory. Determination of the expected amplitudes of displacements, internal forces and stresses in the structure during its oscillations under the action of dynamic load, i.e. in case of forced vibrations and their comparison with acceptable values are the main content of the dynamic calculation of the structure. The permissible values of the amplitudes of internal forces are determined by the requirements of strength and durability of building structures, and the amplitudes of the velocities and accelerations of vibrations of buildings and structures in which people or a production room with precise technology are located, by the requirements of the harmless effect of fluctuations on peoples health and on the quality of products Savovich, 2005. According to the records of seismometric instruments installed on the buildings cover, their own periods of oscillation of the structures are approximately determined. Basically, these measurements correspond to the actual period of the buildings own vibration (the fundamental tone of natural vibrations) only with small seismic effects, microseisms or artificial vibrations specially excited for such studies, because with sufficiently strong seismic effects, the selection of the visible period is significantly complicated. To determine the dynamic parameters of buildings and the possibility of using methods for calculating structures using pulsed transfer functions, statistical methods have been developed for solving inverse problems to restore such transfer functions on the basis of engineering-seismometric information. An analysis of the input and (base, foundation) and output (cover, overlap) processes recorded at the engineering-seismometric stations allows determining the impulse transfer functions, and then solving the given integral equations Deutsch, 1979 Denisov et al., 1986.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5548
Author(s):  
Majid Mehrasa ◽  
Edris Pouresmaeil ◽  
Hamid Soltani ◽  
Frede Blaabjerg ◽  
Maria R. A. Calado ◽  
...  

This paper provides virtual inertia and mechanical power-based double synchronous controller (DSC) for power converters based on the d- and q-components of the converter current to assure the stable operation of the grid with the penetration of large-scale renewable energy resources (RERs). The DSC is projected based on emulating both the inertia and mechanical power variables of the synchronous generators (SGs), and its performance is compared with a non-synchronous controller (NSC) that is without these emulations. The main contributions of the DSC are providing a large margin of stability for the power grid with a wide area of low and high values of virtual inertia, also improving significantly power grid stability (PGS) with changing properly the embedded virtual variables of inertia, mechanical power, and also mechanical power error. Also, decoupling features of the proposed DSC in which both d and q components are completely involved with the characteristics of SGs as well as the relationship between the interfaced converter and dynamic models of SGs are other important contributions of the DSC over the existing control methods. Embedding some coefficients for the proposed DSC to show its robustness against the unknown intrinsic property of parameters is another contribution in this paper. Moreover, several transfer functions are achieved and analyzed that confirm a more stable performance of the emulated controller in comparison with the NSC for power-sharing characteristics. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed DSC in comparison with other existing control techniques, e.g., the NSC techniques.


2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Abbasov ◽  
R. I. Zeinalov ◽  
O. M. Azizova ◽  
S. N. Imranova

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