Physiological mechanism of the formation of life forms of herbaceous plants and their cenoses in phylogenesis related to changes in water supply (a quantitative approach)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
N. A. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Herbaceous Plants

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (NA) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena L. Zvereva ◽  
Marja Roitto ◽  
Mikhail V. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Point Polluters ◽  
Species Responses ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Identification of factors explaining diversity in plant responses to industrial pollution is crucial for predicting fates of polluted ecosystems. Meta-analysis based on 203 publications demonstrated that plants growing near point polluters showed similar decreases in characters reflecting growth (–13.1%) and reproduction processes (–8.5%). In herbaceous plants, root growth was reduced, while aboveground biomass did not change, because the decrease in leaf size was compensated by an increase in leaf number. In contrast, woody plants demonstrated no changes in allometry and their growth was reduced to a greater extent than growth of herbaceous plants. Raunkiaer’s classification of life forms appeared the best predictor of species’ responses to pollution. Within woody plants, trees and shrubs, but not dwarf shrubs, showed strong decreases in growth and reproduction. Within herbaceous plants, significant growth reduction was observed only in annuals. Longevity of foliage or plant phylogeny did not explain variation in species’ responses. Adverse effects of pollution were stronger in regions with higher temperature and precipitation, hinting that existing pollution loads may become more harmful for plants as climate changes. Relatively minor explanatory value of the characteristics of individual polluters removes one of the principal obstacles to accounting for the effects of pollution in vegetation models and allows extrapolation of the effects observed near point polluters to both regional and global scales. We conclude that losses in productivity of plant communities due to aerial pollution can be approximately estimated on the basis of the life form spectra and climate.

scholarly journals СТРУКТУРА РОСЛИННИХ ЕКСПОЗИЦІЙ КРЕМЕНЕЦЬКОГО БОТАНІЧНОГО САДУ

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. M. Lisnichuk ◽  
N. B. Hutsalo
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Systematic Analysis

The findings of the systematic analysis of Kremenets Botanical Garden displays are given. For the purpose of maintaining, optimizing and arranging plant compositions, the ecological and biomorphological features of species have been clarified. The flora of botanical expositions includes 272 species of 3 divisions, 5 classes, 66 families, 138 genera. The systematic analysis demonstrated a numerous representation of the Magnoliophyta division by the number of families (56, 84.9 %), genera (120, 87.6 %) and species (205, 75.4 %), of which Magnoliópsida contains 172 species (63.2 %), with Liliopsida containing 33 species (12.1 %). The Pinophyta division is represented by 6 families, 13 genera, and 62 species (22.8 %). The Polypodiophyta division has smaller numbers – 4 families, 4 genera, and 5 species (1.8 %). According to Ch. C. Raunkiær’s classification, decorative cultures are present in 5 life forms. The Phanerophytes play a significant role in the expositions’ design; their percentage is 48.1 % (131 species). According to the classification of I. G. Serebriakov in the structure of display there are 8 types, which are dominated by herbaceous plants (89 species, 32.7 %). According to ecological indicators, 5 types of ecomorphs have been identified: the heliomorph, the hygromorph, the thermomorph, the acidomorph, and the tropomorph. Among them heliophytes (165 species, 60.7 %), mesophytes (97 species, 35.7 %), microthermophytes (265 species, 97.4 %), subacidophiles (96 species, 35.3 %), and mesotrophs (230 species, 84.5 %) are dominant. It is established that the displays on the territory of the Botanical Garden are stable cultural phytocenoses (or close to that), which function in specific conditions. For the purpose of optimizing botanical expositions, it is advisable to expand the range of ornamental plants.

scholarly journals Floristic survey and species richness of aquatic macrophytes in water supply reservoirs

Check List ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen Cristina Alves-da-Silva ◽  
Cleusa Bona ◽  
Maria Cecília de Chiara Moço ◽  
Armando Carlos Cervi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Water Supply Reservoirs ◽  
Iguaçu River

The present study aimed a floristic survey of aquatic macrophytes in four water supply reservoirs (Iraí, Passaúna, Piraquara I and II) of the Iguaçu River basin, Paraná, Brazil. Sampling and herborization of biological material followed methods described in literature. The species were classified by life forms. We found 90 species in 57 genera and 36 families, were 52.7% are monospecific. The richest reservoir was Passaúna (40 spp.), followed by Iraí, Piraquara I and Piraquara II (36 spp. each). Cyperaceae was the most representative with 17 spp., followed by Asteraceae, Onagraceae and Polygonaceae (7 spp. each). Amphibious and emergent life forms were equally express throughout species (41% each). Since aquatic macrophytes structure and contribute to environment biodiversity, the present study can assist management and implementation of biodiversity conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Applicability of semi quantitative approach to assess the potential environmental risks for sustainable implementation of water supply schemes: a case study of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. A. Bellanthudawa ◽  
D. Halwatura ◽  
N. M. S. K. Nawalage ◽  
H. M. A. K. Handapangoda ◽  
S. R. Y. S. S. B. Sundarapperuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Identification and quantification of environmental and socio-economic impact risks and effective monitoring of water projects are crucial for sustainable water resource management. Hence, the present study was conducted with the objectives of identifying potential environmental risks of different stages of the development of a new water supply scheme located in the wet zone of Sri Lanka, and categorizing identified impacts based on their significance. A rapid environmental assessment (REA) was followed to identify the upstream point source pollution and downstream water uses in the immediate catchment. Subsequently, a semi-quantitative approach was conducted to screen the environmental, social, and economic risks concerning likelihood and sensitivity of the impact. Besides, an analysis of physico-chemical and biological parameters of water quality was conducted in the intake location. The semi-quantitative method highlighted that low and medium risk with ecological impacts (50%), low risks towards sustainability of water source (75%), medium level constructional impacts (60%), and very high-level impacts at the operational stage were available (50%). A water quality monitoring program revealed that Escherichia coli count, total coliform bacterial count, and colour of the water were above the standard limits in the nearby freshwater source. In conclusion, a similar approach can be implemented worldwide as a reference to determine the potential socio-environmental consequences in water supply projects to minimize the adverse impacts. Through this study, sustainable mitigation measures were proposed accordingly to prevent the impacts and to strengthen the long-term viability of the new Rural Water Supply Scheme.

scholarly journals Ecosystem of Medicinal Plants Species and Potential of Growing on the Dumps of Kedrovsky Surface Mine (Kemerovo Region)

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Irina Egorova ◽  
Olga Neverova ◽  
Tatyana Grigorieva
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
State Register

The medicinal flora of phytocenosis “Yuzhny” waste dump Kedrovsky coal mine pit in Kemerovo region was studied. It has been established that 51 species of medicinal plants belonging to 46 genus and 27 families grow on the waste dump. They are permitted for use in official medicine and included in the Medicines State Register in the territory of the Russian Federation. The most of medicinal plants species are represented by forest (39.22%), ruderal (27.45%) and meadow (23.53%) vegetation, which in general is 90.2% of the identified medicinal plants number. The share of semi-aquatic and steppe vegetation accounts for 7.84% and 1.96%, respectively. It has been established that perennial herbaceous plants (25 species) predominate in the life forms composition; shrubs and trees account for 7 and 9 species, respectively. Researches were established a group of medicinal plants with resource potential and interest in raw materials procurement. This group include 13 herbaceous plants (Achillea millefolium L., Viola arvensis Murr., Polygonum aviculare L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Fragaria vesca L., Verbascum thapsus L., Urtica dioica L., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Tussilago farfara L., Taraxacum officinale Web., Tanacetum vulgare L., Plantago major L., Artemisia absinthium L.), 5 shurbs (Crataеgus sanguínea Pall., Hippophaë rhamnoides L., Rosa accicularis Lindl., Rosa majalis Herm., Viburnum opulus L.) and 5 trees ( Betula pendula Roth., Betula pubesccens Ehrh., Padus avium Mill., Sorbus sibirica Hedl., Pinus sylbestris L.).

The medicinal plants of Chepan Mountain (Western Bulgaria)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimcho Zahariev
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Floristic Analysis ◽  
Floristic Elements ◽  
Relic Species

Abstract Bulgaria is one of the European countries with the greatest biodiversity, including biodiversity of medicinal plants. The object of this study is Chepan Mountain. It is located in Western Bulgaria and it is part of Balkan Mountain. On the territory of the Chepan Mountain (only 80 km2) we found 344 species of medicinal plants from 237 genera and 83 families. The floristic analysis indicates, that the most of the families and the genera are represented by a small number of inferior taxa. The hemicryptophytes dominate among the life forms with 49.71%. The biological types are represented mainly by perennial herbaceous plants (60.47%). There are 7 types of floristic elements divided in 27 groups. The largest percentage of species are of the European type (58.43%). Among the medicinal plants, there are two Balkan endemic species and 18 relic species. We described 23 species with protection statute. The anthropophytes among the medicinal plants are 220 species (63.95%).

Influence of Cell Wall Composition on the Fossilisation of Bacteria and the Implications for the Search for Early Life Forms

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Westall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cation Binding ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe oldest cell-like structures on Earth are preserved in silicified lagoonal, shallow sea or hydrothermal sediments, such as some Archean formations in Western Australia and South Africa. Previous studies concentrated on the search for organic fossils in Archean rocks. Observations of silicified bacteria (as silica minerals) are scarce for both the Precambrian and the Phanerozoic, but reports of mineral bacteria finds, in general, are increasing. The problems associated with the identification of authentic fossil bacteria and, if possible, closer identification of bacteria type can, in part, be overcome by experimental fossilisation studies. These have shown that not all bacteria fossilise in the same way and, indeed, some seem to be very resistent to fossilisation. This paper deals with a transmission electron microscope investigation of the silicification of four species of bacteria commonly found in the environment. The Gram positiveBacillus laterosporusand its spore produced a robust, durable crust upon silicification, whereas the Gram negativePseudomonas fluorescens, Ps. vesicularis, andPs. acidovoranspresented delicately preserved walls. The greater amount of peptidoglycan, containing abundant metal cation binding sites, in the cell wall of the Gram positive bacterium, probably accounts for the difference in the mode of fossilisation. The Gram positive bacteria are, therefore, probably most likely to be preserved in the terrestrial and extraterrestrial rock record.

Enumeration and Identification of Asbestos Fibres in Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mudroch ◽  
J. R. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
List Type ◽  
The West ◽  
Asbestos Fibre ◽  
Amphibole Asbestos

Approximately 60,000 tons per day of waste from taconite mining, tailing, are added to the west arm of Lake Superior at Silver Bay. Tailings contain nearly the same amount of quartz and amphibole asbestos, cummingtonite and actinolite in fibrous form. Cummingtonite fibres from 0.01μm in length have been found in the water supply for Minnesota municipalities.The purpose of the research work was to develop a method for asbestos fibre counts and identification in water and apply it for the enumeration of fibres in water samples collected(a) at various stations in Lake Superior at two depth: lm and at the bottom.(b) from various rivers in Lake Superior Drainage Basin.

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