Features of hydrothermal conditions and organic matter of soils in island forest steppe (Nazarovskaya Depression)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
I. B. Vorob’eva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions

Organic Matter of Cultural Layers as a Material for Radiocarbon Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Zazovskaya ◽  
V Shishkov ◽  
A Dolgikh ◽  
A Alexndrovskiy ◽  
V Skripkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Physical Stabilization

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on radiocarbon (14C) dating of the organic matter (OM) of natural-anthropogenic objects—the cultural layers (CLs) of archaeological sites. Using examples from three ancient sites located within the European part of Russia, in southern taiga and forest-steppe natural zones, we demonstrate approaches to the interpretation of 14C dating of OM derived from the organomineral material of the CLs studied. We use the term “archaeological humus” as defined as the OM formed within the CL from “anthropogenic matter” (i.e., organic residues that were produced during the past human occupation of the site) without or with negligible contribution of OM inherited from pre-anthropogenic stages of pedogenesis. The archaeological humus is formed within closed or semi-closed systems by the processes of humification and physical stabilization of OM. The use of hierarchical (from macro- to submicro-) morphological investigations at one of the sites (Gnezdovo) combined with 14C dating allowed conclusions to be drawn about the age of formation of different OM components in CLs.

Changes in the Fractional Composition of Organic Matter in the Soils of the Forest–Steppe Zone during Their Postagrogenic Evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Ovsepyan ◽  
I. N. Kurganova ◽  
V. O. Lopes de Gerenyu ◽  
A. V. Rusakov ◽  
Ya. V. Kuzyakov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe

scholarly journals Successions of microbiotic communities of sandy soils in pine stands of different ages in the forest-steppe zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nevedrov ◽  
Ekaterina Kuznetsova ◽  
Elena Baidak ◽  
Galina Popova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Turf Soils ◽  
Response Increase ◽  
Transformation Processes

Peculiarities of transformation processes in soils should be taken into account when developing strategies for their rational use and optimization of their functions. The purpose of the work is to study the successions of soil microbiotic coenosis of azonal Al-Fe-humus sandy soils in pine forest stands of different age in the cities of the Kursk region. Traditional and innovative methods of studying the microbiological activity of soils are used in the work. Al-Fe-humus sandy soils of the forest-steppe covered with 100-year-old stands of Scots pine emit 2.1-2.3 times more CO2 than Al-Fe-humus sandy soils under 25 - and 70-year-old stands of pine and 1.5 times more than similar soils under herbaceous phytocenoses. It has been established that stands of Scots pine during 100 years of vegetation lead to significant changes in the basic properties of soils, changes in response, increase in podzolic process, changes in hydrothermal conditions, as well as increase in the biomass of the main groups of soil microorganisms (up to 38.1 times). Keywords: MICROMYCETES, ACTINOMYCETES, SANDY PODZOLS, GRAY HUMUS (TURF) SOILS, CO2 EMISSION, MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOILS

scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions on productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
E L Turina ◽  
T Ya Prakhova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Crimea

The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region and the steppe Crimea. The researches were conducted in two regions (Penza and Crimea) with contrasting hydrothermal conditions in 2015–2019 years. Climate conditions in the years of researches were characterized by significant variability in both the degree of humidity and temperature regime in both regions. The hydrothermal coefficient in the Crimea varied in the range of 0.23–1.11, in the conditions of Penza - from 0.45 to 1.10. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.58 to 1.28 units depending on the natural and climatic zone. On average, in 2015–2019, the productivity of Camelina changed from 1.45 to 1.79 t/ha in Penza and from 0.56 to 1.66 t/ha in Crimea. The highest yield of Camelina sativa was recorded in 2016 in Penza and in 2017 in the Crimea and amounted to 1.79 and 1.66 t/ha, respectively. The value of the index of environmental conditions is 1.17 and 1.28 with hydrothermal coefficient of 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. Depending on the conditions of the year and the region, the oil content varied from 33.9 to 43.9 %. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the amount of oil for all years of study in the direction from the Crimea to the zone of the Penza region. Camelina sativa is characterized by a high level of resistance to stressful conditions (0.49– 1.10), differs in environmental adaptability (bi=1.15–1.17), has a high fitness criterion, 41.2–41.5 g/m2, depending on the region.

scholarly journals The Structure of Humic Substances in the Agricultural Genetically Modified Soils of the Kansk Forest-Steppe

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9613-9616
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
False Flax

In two long-arable areas that were intended for sowing rapeseed and false flax for oilseeds at LLC «Experimental Industrial Farm Solyanskoye» in the Kansk forest-steppe, the structure and humus substances reserves in agrochernozems were studied. The soil cover of key plot No. 1 with the wide-steeply-sloping terrain with weakly pronounced microrelief, which was intended for rape, was dominated by typical medium and strong clayey-illuvial agrochernozems. Key plot No. 2 intended for false flax was located on a smooth hillside of a wide ridge and was characterized by the complexity of the soil cover represented by a combination of clay-illuvial typical agrochernozems of various kinds, thick podzolized clay-illuvial agrochernozems, and thin cryogenic micellar agrochernozems. It has been shown that agrochernozems featured high content of humus in the layer both 0 – 20 and 0 – 40 cm thick. The content of humus carbon (Ctot) and that of carbon of the water-soluble organic matter (CH2O) had little spatial variability (CV = 1.3 – 11.7 %), unlike the carbon content of the alkali-soluble organic matter (C 0.1 n. NaOH), which in the studied agrochernozems had a very high degree of spatial variability (Cv = 18.7 – 66.1 %). Heterogeneity of the soil cover of the slope part of the plot was the factor that determined the average reduction in the content of the reserves of all fractions of humic substances, except for the water-soluble humus carbon. It has been found that the share of the reserves of stable humus carbon (Cstab) was 89 – 95 % of the total carbon reserves of humus, thus the share of CH2O and C0.1 n. NaOH decreased with increasing the complexity of the soil cover from 11 to 5 % of Ctotal. Fields with a pronounced meso- and microrelief and thin kinds of agrochernozems are recommended for sowing false flax, which is a crop that is less demanding to the soil conditions than rapeseed.

scholarly journals Feed productivity of sainfoin in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
N. Y. Hetman ◽  
Y. A. Veklenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Year Of Life

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of planting time on the formation of productivity of Hungarian sainfoin when grown for green forage. Methods are field, laboratory, statistical, correlation and regression relationships. Research results. It is established that under uneven humidity and high temperature regime in the year of sowing, Hungarian sainfoin formed two yields under spring planting date and one yield under summer planting date. In the second and third years of growth, no significant effect of the planting date on the stages of organogenesis of Hungarian sainfoin was found, where the maturity of the herbage was reached simultaneously. Productivity of Hungarian sainfoin was only conditioned by hydrothermal conditions, where the yield of green mass averaged 45.9—49.6 t/ha with crude protein content of 1.58—1.73 t/ha. At the same time, the highest dry matter yield of 10.25 t/ha and crude protein of 1.73 t/ha was provided by agrophytocenosis when sown on April 12. The productivity index of Hungarian sainfoin in the first year of life was determined, where the highest indicator was obtained during the early spring sowing period (29.04) – 7.85 kg/ha of dry matter per 1 hour of light day, whereas for the recommended summer sowing period was 1.13 kg/ha, or 6.9 times lower. The correlation equation between dry matter output, duration of daylight and the sum of precipitation from full shoots to the beginning of flowering in the first year of life is described. It is found that with increase of precipitation by 1 mm the dry matter output increases by 1.53 % and there is a tendency increase with increasing the length of daylight by 1 minute. Conclusions. It has been established that on gray forest soils of the right-bank Forest-Steppe, over two years of intensive use of the grass stand, regardless of hydrothermal conditions, Hungarian saifoin provided a stable forage productivity when sown in spring. Thus, dry matter yield was 9.38—10.25 t/ha with crude protein content of 1.58—1.73 t/ha. In particular, as for summer planting date, July 20 appeared to be the most effective planting date, which provided dry matter yield of 9.78 t/ha with crude protein content of 1.61 t/ha.

Influence of long application of fertilizers in crop rotation on the change in the potential and effective soil fertility

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
S.E. Degodyuk ◽  
A.A. Litvinov ◽  
Y.D. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

The result of 50-years scientific researches, conducted in 10-fields crop rotation on the grey forest dusty light-loamy soil in the northern part of Forest-Steppe at the experimental farm DPDH “Chabany” of National Scientific Centre “Institute of Agriculture of UAAS” are presented in this work. There is stated the importance of potentional soil Fertility forming with saving or increasing of absorbed cation sum, which determines its amelioration processes and provides optimal terms for organic matter and nitrogen compounds transformation. A direct correlation is found between fertilization and labile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium accumulation. The moderate organic-mineral and renewal fertilizing systems are economically and ecologically sensible.

Yieldcapacity of soybean varieties with various vegetation periods, depending on sowing time in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Y.M. Ohurtsov ◽  
О.О. Loshak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Soybean Plants

Sowing is one of the most important agronomic measures in soybean cultivation. However, today in Ukraine there is no universal approach to defining the optimal sowing time. Some researchers assert that one should rely on the calendar period of sowing; other specialists argue that the spring features should be the primary determinant; the third group think that the thermal conditions at a depth of 10 cm is the main factor; and according to the fourth opinion, soil and clime characteristics are critical. The hydrothermal conditions in the years of our research deviated significantly from the annual average. Thus, the hydrothermal coefficient during the soybean growing period in 2018 was 0.34, and in 2019 it was 0.52, indicating that the cultivation conditions were arid (0.5 <HTC <0.9). The experiments showed a clear downward trend in the growing period length and upward trends in the field germinability of seeds and leaf surface area when soybean was sown in soil warmed to 14-16оС on May 10-15. In this case, the biometric parameters of soybean plants improved, and the yield increased by 0.15-0.16 t/ha. Keywords: soybean varieties, weather conditions, sowing time, field germinability of seeds, plant survival, photosynthetic and symbiotic activities of plants, grain yield.

Microagrogenesis of chernozem in agrocenosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Mineral System

The aim of the study was to provide scientifi c and theoretical substantiation for the process of microaggrega- tion of typical chernozem via the simulation of natural processes of soil formation under the effect of systemat- ic application of soil-protecting technologies of crop cultivation with surface packing of root and after-harvest remains, humus, and mineral fertilizers in agrocenoses of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory-analytical, experimental fi eld, statistical. Results. During tillage (for over 75 years) the number of free and friable-linked aggregates in the 0–40-cm chernozem layer decreased down to 17–20 %, and on the background of organic-mineral system of fertilization (15 t/ha of humus + N 80 P 75 K 60 ) there was an increase in the content of the mentioned groups of microaggregates up to 20–25 %. The systematic implementation of soil protective technologies promoted the increase in the content of free and friable-linked microaggregates up to 29–32 %. During tillage, the coeffi cient of saturation with humus for physical clay (PC) decreased 1.3–1.4 times compared to the grassland. The value of PC saturation during the soil protective tillage was optimal, as humus was neither accumulated in the form of free humates, nor stored like “fat” in animal organisms.aAnd there was no blocking of nutrients with free humates. Humus acts as a connective tissue, promoting the improved water-resistance of chernozem structure on the micro- and macroaggregate levels. The ability of chernozems to have aggregation was determined by the dispersion factor (DF), which was 12–14 % during tillage without introducing any fertilizers, and 10 % – with the introduction of fertilizers, which testifi ed to a weak degree of microaggregation. With minimal tillage on the background of the organo-mineral system of fertilization, DF = = 6–7 %, and by the end of rotation it decreased down to 3-5 %. Conclusions. Enhanced microaggregation in soil protective technologies is explained by the fact that detritus and newly formed humic substances enhance their role in the formation of organo-mineral complexes in case of optimization of hydrothermal conditions in the seasonal cycle and decreased tempo of humus mineralization. The correlation coeffi cient between the num- ber of microaggregates, sized 0.01–0.25 mm and the content of peptized humic substances during tillage was as follows: R = +0.480.01, and for soil protective technologies it was: R = (+0.70–0.75) 0.01. The increase in microaggregation in conditions of soil protective tillage occurred in the direction of wild land analogs and fallow, which testifi ed to the simulation of the natural process of typical chernozem microaggregation in the agrocenoses of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

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