Microagrogenesis of chernozem in agrocenosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Mineral System

The aim of the study was to provide scientifi c and theoretical substantiation for the process of microaggrega- tion of typical chernozem via the simulation of natural processes of soil formation under the effect of systemat- ic application of soil-protecting technologies of crop cultivation with surface packing of root and after-harvest remains, humus, and mineral fertilizers in agrocenoses of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory-analytical, experimental fi eld, statistical. Results. During tillage (for over 75 years) the number of free and friable-linked aggregates in the 0–40-cm chernozem layer decreased down to 17–20 %, and on the background of organic-mineral system of fertilization (15 t/ha of humus + N 80 P 75 K 60 ) there was an increase in the content of the mentioned groups of microaggregates up to 20–25 %. The systematic implementation of soil protective technologies promoted the increase in the content of free and friable-linked microaggregates up to 29–32 %. During tillage, the coeffi cient of saturation with humus for physical clay (PC) decreased 1.3–1.4 times compared to the grassland. The value of PC saturation during the soil protective tillage was optimal, as humus was neither accumulated in the form of free humates, nor stored like “fat” in animal organisms.aAnd there was no blocking of nutrients with free humates. Humus acts as a connective tissue, promoting the improved water-resistance of chernozem structure on the micro- and macroaggregate levels. The ability of chernozems to have aggregation was determined by the dispersion factor (DF), which was 12–14 % during tillage without introducing any fertilizers, and 10 % – with the introduction of fertilizers, which testifi ed to a weak degree of microaggregation. With minimal tillage on the background of the organo-mineral system of fertilization, DF = = 6–7 %, and by the end of rotation it decreased down to 3-5 %. Conclusions. Enhanced microaggregation in soil protective technologies is explained by the fact that detritus and newly formed humic substances enhance their role in the formation of organo-mineral complexes in case of optimization of hydrothermal conditions in the seasonal cycle and decreased tempo of humus mineralization. The correlation coeffi cient between the num- ber of microaggregates, sized 0.01–0.25 mm and the content of peptized humic substances during tillage was as follows: R = +0.480.01, and for soil protective technologies it was: R = (+0.70–0.75) 0.01. The increase in microaggregation in conditions of soil protective tillage occurred in the direction of wild land analogs and fallow, which testifi ed to the simulation of the natural process of typical chernozem microaggregation in the agrocenoses of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Self-regulation and management of fertility restoration of typical chernozem in agroecosystems

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Porous Space ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To investigate the process of enhancing the self-organization and self-regulation of chernozem towards natural organization under the impact of long-term soil-protective surface tillage and to determine its impact on enhancing the ability of chernozem to adapt to environmental changes, preserving agroecological stability of the agroecosystem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. The complex years-long studies (1992–2015) demonstrated that the com- bination of soil-protective technologies of cultivating crops in the agroecosystems is a factor of affecting the character, orientation and self-regulation of energy- and mass exchange in a complicated network of interac- tions and interrelations of chernozems in agroecosystems. The determinant and governing impact in restoring the fertility of typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is soil-protective technologies of cultivating agricultural crops, based on surface tillage. The energy-wise appropriateness of creating the porous space of chernozem in conditions of soil-protective treatment should be deemed as thermodynamic code of soil formation or the process of implementing the “memory” about the morphogenicity of spatial soil form of chernozem of a high self-organization degree, which is in direct correlation with the process of enhancing the residual features of natural soil formation and accumulative orientation of fertility indices. Conclusions. The soil-protective system of agriculture should be viewed as a complex of methods and technologies of systemic or ecologically reasonable use of anthropogenic and natural energy resources. It creates the background to solve the main problem of agriculture – rational use of chernozem fertility with simultaneous extensive resto- ration, which ensures more complete use of the bioclimatic potential with optimal exploitation of natural and anthropogenic resources of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe territory.

scholarly journals Influence of mineral fertilizers on the quality of winter wheat grain on typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
M.V. Lisovyi ◽  
◽  
V.M. Nikonenko ◽  
О.V. Karatsiuba ◽  
О.I. Slidenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Gluten Content

The goal was to study the effect of certain types of mineral fertilizers (N, P, K) and their paired compounds (NP, NK, PK) on the protein and gluten content in the grain of winter wheat on chernozem typical (Haplic Chernozem (Profundihumic)). The research was carried out in the conditions of a field stationary experiment which was laid down in the experimental farm of the NSC "Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky" in the Kharkiv region. Eight variants with the following norms of fertilizers were studied for winter wheat: 1 – without fertilizers (control); 2 – N60; 3 – P120; 4 – K90; 5 – N60P120; 6 – N60K90; 7 – P120K90; 8 – N60P120K90. The effectiveness of fertilizers was reseached on two agrophones - natural and aftereffect of fertilizers (240 t/ha for crop rotation). The content of protein and gluten in wheat grain was determined on the Spectran-119M. On typical chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of the left-bank high application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in norm N60P120 provides the content of protein in grain of winter wheat at the level of 12,9 – 14,7 % that corresponds to the 1st and 2nd classes of quality of grain according to the National standard (DSTU 3768 : 2010). The gluten content ranges from 23.6 to 25.0 %, which corresponds to the 2nd class of grain quality of winter wheat.

Dynamics of CO2 emission from chernozems under agricultural use

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
M. Miroshnychenko ◽  
O. Siabruk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Mineral System

Aim. The comparison of the effect of hydrothermal conditions and various agricultural practices on the emission of CO 2 from chernozems in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The dynamics of the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from chernozem calcic (typical chernozem – in Ukrainian classifi cation) was studied during the growing season of 2011–2012. The observations were based on two fi eld experiments with various methods of soil till- age (6–7 years from the beginning of the experiment) and fertilization systems (21–22 years from the beginning of the experiment). Particularly, plowing at 20–22 cm, disking at 10–12 cm, cultivation at 6–8 cm and direct seeding using Great Plains drill were studied among the soil tillage methods. Mineral system (N 45 P 50 K 45 ), organic system (manure 8 t/ha) and combined organic-mineral system (manure 8 t/ha + N 45 P 50 K 45 ) were studied among fertilization systems. The intensity of CO 2 fl ux was determined using the non-stationary respiratory chambers by the alkaline absorption method, with averaging of the results during the day and the frequency of once a month. Results. During the warm period, the emission of carbon dioxide from the soil changes dynamically depending on temperature and humidity. The maximum of emission coincides with the periods of warm summer showers in June-July, the minimum values are characteristic for the late autumn period. The total emission losses of carbon in chernozems over the vegetation period ranged from 480 to 910 kg/ha and varied depending on the methods of tillage ± (4.0–6.0) % and fertilization systems ± (3.8–7.1) %. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different methods of soil tillage are associated with hydrothermal regime and the depth of crop residues location. The biggest difference is observed im- mediately after tillage, but in the spring period the differences are only 12–25 %, and after drying of the top layer of soil become even less. Direct seeding technology provides the greatest emission of CO 2 from chernozem, which is fa- cilitated by better water regime and more complete mineralization of plant residues on the soil surface. Annual losses of carbon are the least under disking of soil at 10–12 cm. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different fertilization systems are associated with the involvement of the additional organic matter from plant residues and manure to the microbiological decomposition. The greatest emission was observed under the organic- mineral fertilization system, which increased the loss of carbon by 7–8 % in comparison with the mineral system in the unfavorable hydrothermal year and by 11–15 % in the more favorable year. These differences are observed mainly during the fi rst half of the growing season when there is a clear tendency to increase the intensity of soil respiration. Conclusions. The hydrothermal conditions of the warm period of the year are decisive in the formation of the CO 2 emission fl ow from chernozems. Due to the improvement of agricultural practices, emissions might be reduced but not more that by 15 % of natural factor contribution.

scholarly journals Evaluating agrogenic structurization of soil variants under different application modes in the Forest-Steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Bulygin ◽  
O. V. Demydenko ◽  
V. A. Velychko ◽  
M. A. Tkachenko ◽  
S. V. Vitvitskyi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
High Level

Aim. To develop the general normalized statistical model of organizing the structural state of the investigated soils, to determine the vector of direction and criteria of appraising structurization of soil variants in the Forest-Steppe on macro- and microaggregate levels of organization to obtain objective and integral information about the quality status of soil structure and to determine the critical level of degradation, when the residual resistance against the latter is lost. Methods. Field (investigated agrophysical properties of the most common variants in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: gray forest soil, meadow-chernozem soil, typical chernozem), laboratory (air-dried sieving of soil), statistical-analytical (fractal, factor, cluster, non-parametric statistics). Results. The combined study of the change in the state of soil structure in the most common soils in the Forest-Steppe on two hierarchy levels demonstrated the presence of soil-genetic interval in valuable structural units. The appraisal of several distribution series of structural soil units by dimensions in terms of stability using fractal indices and the structurization of agronomically non-valuable fraction of microaggregates of 0.7 and demonstrated the persistence and anti-persistence of the distribution series, namely, stability or trend. The re-grouping of soil structure constituents occurs by dimensions depending on the soil type, and microaggregates in the amount of 0.25 mm are mostly involved in structural aggregates of 1-0.25 mm and less so in more valuable structural units of >1 mm. Conclusions. It was determined that meadow-chernozem soil was the most resistant to anthropogenic impact (introduc- tion of mineral fertilizers and treatment methods). Its coeffi cient of macroaggregation was at a high level and in case of sowing perennial grasses with the introduction of fertilizers - at a very high level. Gray forest soil was found to be less resistant to the introduction of mineral fertilizers and typical chernozem was the most susceptible to agrophysical degra- dation: the macroaggregation coeffi cient was at a very low level. The microaggregation coeffi cient increased from typical chernozem to gray forest soil and meadow-chernozem which demonstrated the increase in humus content and biogenicity in the presented series of soil variants

Soil-Remediating Activity of Agroecosystems and Chernozem Fertility Restoration Using Low-Carbon Technologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-76
Author(s):  
O. Demidenko ◽  
V. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Information Capacity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Soil Medium

Aim. To present theoretical justifi cation of the increase in potential fertility of typical chernozem with system- atic application of zero tillage via the creation of soil conditions, optimal for photosynthesis, and provision of maximal physiological activity of root systems of cultivated crops to restore natural processes of soil formation in the agroecosystems of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. The analysis of scientifi c literature and our own studies (for over 30 years) have demonstrated that the conditions of minimal tillage ensure the connection between the physiologi- cal rhythms of activity of agricultural crops, the rhythms of humus decomposition and synthesis, the fi xation of carbonic acid by the heterotrophic saprophyte microfl ora and carbonation, restoring soil formation in agroeco- systems. Agricultural crops in the agroecosystems are self-developing, auto-regulated, open systems, capable of overcoming the forces, causing the increase in entropy and forming highly regulated and dynamically stable complexes of different hierarchy. High information capacity and codifi cation of cultivated crops defi nes the direction of the development of soil medium in agroecosystems. When the genetic information capacity of the development of cultivated crops resonates with the information capacity of the soil medium development, there is either the soil formation process or the process of extensive fertility restoration in agroecosystems. Conclusions. The maintenance and application of aboveground by-products of crop production, suffi ciently compensated in terms of nitrogen using mineral fertilizers, as organic fertilizers, and wrapped up into the sur- face layer of chernozem during the zero tillage, simulates the natural course of nitrogen-carbon circulation in agroecosystems of different types. The restoration of the natural soil formation model in the agroecosystems is ensured by the stimulation of physiological activity of cultivated crops in the agroecosystems due to the launch of drain mechanisms of carbon with the increase in СО 2 content in the lowest atmospheric layers dur- ing the vegetation period of crops, which should be the basic model of extensive fertility restoration of typical chernozem.

scholarly journals Evolution of chornozems of agrogenetic and postagrogenetic using of left bank forest-steppe of Ukraine

2013 ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Dmytro Tikhonenko ◽  
Kostiantyn Novosad ◽  
Dmytro Gavva
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Complex Field ◽  
Field Laboratory

The results of the complex field, laboratory and expeditionary researches of physicochemical (cation-exchange), chemical, acid-alkaline, microbiological, micromorphological properties and dynamics of “effervescence line” in chornozem soils of the postagrogenetic and agrogenetic use, were presented in the thesis. It has been proven that the influence of forest vegetation on the agronomical characteristics of typical chornozems is almost identical to the action of grass fitocenosis. Theoretical generalizations and theory of the soil formation evolution under grass, artificial forest fitocenosis and in agrocenosis were proposed. Key words: chornozem, evolution, postagrogenesis and agrogenesis, soils, elementary soil processes, fitocenosis, “agrochornozems”, black “forestchornozems”.

scholarly journals Influence of macro- and micro-fertilizers on biometry, performance and qualitaty of sunflower hybrids

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
V. M. Totskyi ◽  
А. І. Len
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Intensive Growth

Sunflower is a crop requiring intensive mineral nutrition, therefore, its cultivation demands reserves of nutrients in the soil, which can be replenished by applying mineral fertilizers. Purpose. Our purpose was to study the effects of fertilizers on the growth, development and yield of sunflower hybrids of different ripeness groups (bred at the Institute of Oil Crops) in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Material and methods. The study was conducted at Poltava State Agricultural Research Station named after N.I. Vavilov in 2019–2020 The study object was processes of the growth and development of sunflower plants and formation of sunflower seeds depending on farming techniques. The study subject was sunflower hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok. The following fertilizers were applied: 1) no fertilizers (control); 2) N32Р32К32; 3) N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization of plants with urea (10 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves; 4) N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) in the phase of 2–3 pairs of leaves; 5) N32P32K32 + foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves. Results and discussion. The results show that mineral macro- and microfertilizers contributed to more intensive growth and development of plants. Thus, the tallest plants, the largest leaves and calathidiums, and the highest 1000-seed weight were recorded hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok with basic mineral fertilizers at a dose of N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization with carbamide (10 kg/ha) or with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha). The maximum yields from hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok were achieved with basic mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) – 3.35 t/ha, 3.41 t/ha and 3.15 t/ha respectively. The gain to the control (no fertilizers) was 0.33 t/ha, 0.32 t/ha and 0.22 t/ha, respectively. Fertilization also affected the oil content in seeds. Mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 decreased the oil content in the hybrid seeds by 1.1–1.7% compared to the ‘no fertilizers’ experiment. However, fertilization of plants during the growing period with urea or microfertilizer Novalon Foliar in combination with basic mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 significantly increased the oil content in seeds. With the best yields, the highest output of oil from the hybrids was 1,406 kg/ha, 1,446 kg/ha and 1,356 kg/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Our results mainly confirm the results of other studies. Mineral fertilizers and microfertilizers promote more intensive growth and development of plants and increase the yields of sunflower seeds. However, there are some discrepancies in the oil content in seeds. Some researchers reported that mineral fertilization increased the oil content in seeds compared to the control (no fertilizers). We found that application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N32P32K32 caused a decrease in the oil content in seeds, and only supplementary foliar fertilization with urea or microfertilizers increased this indicator

scholarly journals Habitat use of grey partridge in agricultural landscapes (the case of Ukrainian forest steppe)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Novytskyi ◽  
I. S. Mitay ◽  
S. M. Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Grey Partridge

<p><em>We investigated the influence of habitat and climatic parameters on Grey partridge populations in natural and agricultural landscapes of Ukrainian f</em><em>orest steppe</em><em>. In all the studied provinces, the general population trends of Grey partridge did not have the concerted correlation with climatic factors, though in </em>Steppe left bank natural-agricultural province, <em>LS-3 there was registered negative correlation between the number of birds and average rainfall in June; in </em>Steppe Right bank natural-agricultural province, <em>LS-2 we fixed positive correlation with average annual humidity.</em> We also r<em>evealed the persistent negative relationship between the density of roads and partridge abundance in hunting lands of study area. We also founded that number of agriculture variables which limited the number of grey partridges, was higher, then in central and left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Thus, we registered strong negative correlation between the square of sown lands and cultivated crop area (namely with corn, sunflower, and soy), dwelling space, norms of mineral fertilizers/pesticides and the number of birds. The same variables had low and medium positive correlation coefficients with bird abundance in western part of study regions. This could indirectly indicate the forced usage of arable land by birds as the reduction of mediocrity and natural mosaic of agricultural landscapes along the gradient from the west to the east of Ukrainian steppe. This should be considered in the hunting management of agricultural landscapes in study region, like identifying of the plots for the introduction of artificially reared birds, selection of reproductive areas and other ecological and economic measures for the protection and rational exploitation of grey partridge.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals The Comparative Efficiency of Organic, Mineral and Organo-Mineral Fertilizers for the Winter Wheat Grain Yield in the Forest-Steppe of the Volga Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00094
Author(s):  
Alevtina Kulikova ◽  
Evgeniy Yashin ◽  
Alexander Karpov ◽  
Elena Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The study deals with organic, mineral and organo-mineral systems of winter wheat fertilization in the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe. According to the organic fertilization system, straw of the predecessor, green manure and Biocomposite-correct were introduced into the soil (typical medium-thick medium loamy chernozem) for green manure mass (vetch-oat mixture). The organo-mineral system included two options: straw applied together with nitrogen in a dose of 10 kg per 1 ton of straw and zeolite enriched with amino acids. The mineral fertilizers were nitrogene phosphorus with the NPK content of 16 kg ai/ha, carbamide and potassium chloride. In addition, highly siliceous rock zeolite was applied as a fertilizer. It was found that the use of organic and organomineral fertilizers improves the nutrient regime of the soil; in terms of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the arable layer, these options were not inferior to the option with the use of mineral fertilizers. When introducing zeolite enriched with amino acids, the yield of winter wheat exceeded the option with the use of mineral fertilizers by 0.59 t/ha. The use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

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