Analysis of Nicotine in Antismoking Pharmaceutical Products by Differential Pulse Polarography and Voltammetry

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atle Hannisdal ◽  
Øyvind Mikkelsen ◽  
Knut H. Schrøder
Keyword(s):  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Simple Liquid ◽  
Polarographic Analysis ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode

A fast and simple differential pulse polarographic method was developed for analysis of nicotine in various pharmaceutical formulations (chewing gum, tablets (drops) and patches). This method requires a simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure for chewing gum and patches, or a direct dilution in supporting electrolyte for tablets before polarographic analysis. The polarographic analysis was done in a Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 6.2) as supporting electrolyte. The multimode electrode from Metrohm was used as working electrode (dropping mercury electrode). This method was applied to the determination of the nicotine content in chewing gum, tablets and patches by using the standard addition method. The results are in good agreement with the content declared by the manufacturer. The method is fast, simple and reliable, and it is a complementary method to the chromatographic method being used today for quantitative analysis of nicotine in pharmaceutical formulations. The limit of quantification is assumed to be far below 0.1 mg/l in the polarographic vessel. The method uses simple dilution and/or extraction procedures for sample preparation before polarographic analysis. It is also shown that it is possible to use a glassy carbon electrode with a mercury film (MTFE electrode) for the determination of nicotine in antismoking pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Fast and Sensitive Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Rifampicin on Renewable Amalgam Film Electrode

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5792
Author(s):  
Marek Szlósarczyk ◽  
Robert Piech ◽  
Anna Milc ◽  
Urszula Hubicka
Keyword(s):  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Film Electrode ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Step Potential ◽  
Voltammetric Method ◽  
Deposition Step

In this work, a new sensitive voltammetric method for the determination of rifampicin without time-consuming preconcentration is presented. The objective was to develop a simple, fast and sensitive voltammetric procedure for the analysis of rifampicin in pharmaceutical products. The cyclic renewable mercury film silver-based electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) was applied as a working electrode for this purpose. The optimal conditions for the determination of rifampicin were defined, in terms of the composition of supporting electrolyte (including pH) and instrumental parameters (potential and time of deposition, step potential, pulse height). The method was validated resulting in a satisfactory linearity range of 0.4–250.0 µgmL−1; the limits of detection and quantification are 0.12 µgmL−1 and 0.4 µgmL−1, respectively; and the repeatability of the method expressed as RSD is 4.1% (n = 6) with a surface area of 10.9 mm2. The proposed method was successfully applied in the analysis of rifampicin in simple and composed pharmaceutical formulations.

Polarographic Analytical Study of Oxyphenbutazone

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1439-1441
Author(s):  
Moustafa M Ellaithy ◽  
M Fayez El-Tarras ◽  
Sawsan M Amer
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Polarographic Behavior ◽  
Polarographic Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The polarographic behavior of the widely used anti-inflammatory agent, oxyphenbutazone, was studied. It is determined polarographically by conversion to the nitroso derivative characterized by a cathodic, irreversible, diffusion-controlled wave. The method is applied to the determination of 2.5-10 mg/100 mL of oxyphenbutazone, with an accuracy of 99.9 ± 1.38%. By differential pulse polarographic analysis, as little as 10 ppm oxyphenbutazone can be determined with an accuracy of 99.70 ± 0.99% in pure powder and in some pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FENOFIBRATE IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS USING DROPPING MERCURY ELECTRODE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz Ramadan ◽  
Hasna Mandil ◽  
Reham Abu-saleh
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Polarographic Analysis ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>An easy, fast, accurate and sensitive differential pulse polarographic analysis for determination of fenofibrate (FEN) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms using dropping mercury electrode (DME) was applied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The method involves the electrochemical reduction of fenofibrate at DME by differential pulse polarographic analysis (DPPA). Different buffer solutions were used over a wide pH range (1.0–10.0). The best definition of the analytical signals was found in lithium perchlorate trihydrate buffer at pH 6.0 containing 24% (v/v) acetonitrile at-994 to-1025mV (versus Ag/AgCl).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under optimized conditions the peak current (I<sub>p</sub>) is linear over the range 0.0361-3.608 μg/ml. The DPPA was used successfully for the determination of FEN in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The relative standard deviation did not exceed 2.1% for the concentration of FEN 0.0361 μg/ml. Regression analysis showed a good correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>= 0.9994) between Ip and concentration at the mentioned range. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was to be 0.0025 and 0.0076 μg/ml, respectively. The proposed method was validated for linearity, precision and accuracy, repeatability, sensitivity (LOD and LOQ), robustness and specificity with an average recovery of 99.8-100.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed method is applicable for the determination of FEN in pure and different dosage forms with the assay of marketed formulations 99.8-104.0% and the results are in good agreement with those obtained by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) reference method.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Differential pulse polarographic analysis, Fenofibrate, Pharmaceutical formulations</p>

scholarly journals Electrochemically Activated Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Determination of Ibuprofen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9908
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko ◽  
Jędrzej Kozak ◽  
Anna Węzińska
Keyword(s):  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Screen Printed Carbon Electrode ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Screen Printed

In this study, we present a simple, sensitive and selective analytical procedure for the ibuprofen (IBP) analysis using the commercially available screen-printed carbon electrode electrochemically activated (aSPCE) by cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M NaOH. The quantitative determinations of IBP were carried out in 0.25 M acetate buffer solution of pH 4.5 ± 0.1 using the differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV). Different experimental parameters for DPV analysis were optimized, including pH and concentration of supporting electrolyte, amplitude (ΔEA), scan rate (ν) and modulation time (tm). The linear ranges of calibration curve were from 0.50–20.0 and 20.0–500.0 µM. The detection and quantification limits were estimated to be 0.059 and 0.20 µM. The aSPCE displayed satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Furthermore, the DPV procedure with the use of aSPCE was used to determination of IBP in pharmaceutical formulations. The results achieved by DPV show satisfactory agreement with those obtained by manufacturers (the relative errors are in the range of 3.1–4.7%).

Determination of platinum in biological material by differential pulse polarography: Analysis in urine, plasma and tissue following sample combustion

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2903-2908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Vrabec ◽  
Oldřich Vrána ◽  
Vladimír Kleinwächter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Catalytic Current ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode

A method is described for determining total platinum content in urine, blood plasma and tissues of patients or experimental animals receiving cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum(II). The method is based on drying and combustion of the biological material in a muffle furnace. The product of the combustion is dissolved successively in aqua regia, hydrochloric acid and ethylenediamine. The resulting platinum-ethylenediamine complex yields a catalytic current at a dropping mercury electrode allowing to determine platinum by differential pulse polarography. Platinum levels of c. 50-1 000 ng per ml of the biological fluid or per 0.5 g of a tissue can readily be analyzed with a linear calibration.

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of N,N’-dinitrosopiperazine

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1434-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Ivana Švagrová ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Polarographic Reduction ◽  
Concentration Region ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Chemical Efficiency ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode

Polarographic reduction of the genotoxic N,N’-dinitrosopiperazine was studied and its mechanism was suggested. Optimum conditions were established for the determination of this substance by tast polarography over the concentration region of 1 . 10-3 to 1 . 10-6 mol l-1 and by differential pulse polarography on the conventional dropping mercury electrode or by fast scan differential pulse voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode over the concentration region of 1 . 10-3 to 1 . 10-7 mol l-1. Attempts at increasing further the sensitivity via adsorptive accumulation of the analyte on the surface of the hanging mercury drop failed. The methods are applicable to the testing of the chemical efficiency of destruction of the title chemical carcinogen based on its oxidation with potassium permanganate in acid solution.

Polarographic Determination of 6-β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-7-hydroxycoumarin

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Roman Hrnčíř ◽  
Josino C. Moreira ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Natural Compound ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Polarographic Behaviour ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode

The polarographic behaviour was studied for 6-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-7-hydroxycoumarin, a natural compound serving as an optical whitening agent. The substance can be quantitated by tast polarography, differential pulse polarography using a conventional dropping mercury electrode, and differential pulse polarography using a static mercury drop electrode over the regions of 20-1 000, 2-1 000, and 0.2-1 000 μmol l-1, respectively. The methods developed for the quantitation of the compound were applied to its direct determination in a raw product.

Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of Trace Amounts of 3-Nitrofluoranthene

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1571-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Čížek ◽  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode ◽  
Separation And Preconcentration

The polarographic behavior of 3-nitrofluoranthene was investigated by DC tast polarography (DCTP) and differential pulse polarography (DPP), both at a dropping mercury electrode, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV), both at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Optimum conditions have been found for its determination by the given methods in the concentration ranges of 1 × 10-6-1 × 10-4 mol l-1 (DCTP), 1 × 10-7-1 × 10-4 mol l-1 (DPP), 1 × 10-8-1 × 10-6 mol l-1 (DPV) and 1 × 10-9-1 × 10-7 mol l-1 (AdSV), respectively. Practical applicability of these techniques was demonstrated on the determination of 3-nitrofluoranthene in drinking and river water after its preliminary separation and preconcentration using liquid-liquid and solid phase extraction with the limits of determination 4 × 10-10 mol l-1 (drinking water) and 2 × 10-9 mol l-1 (river water).

A NOTE ON THE POLAROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

1948 ◽  
Vol 26b (12) ◽  
pp. 767-772
Author(s):  
Paul A. Giguère ◽  
J. B. Jaillet
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Diffusion Current ◽  
Polarographic Analysis ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode ◽  
Strychnine Sulphate

The determination of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations higher than those normally covered in polarography was studied with various electrodes. The diffusion current was found to increase linearly with the peroxide concentration up to 0.15% with the dropping mercury electrode and up to nearly 1% with a fixed platinum microelectrode. Under these conditions the limiting current was about 10 times greater than that usually observed. Although the solutions were supersaturated with oxygen, traces of strychnine sulphate were sufficient to suppress all maxima.

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