Work disability in gout: a population-based case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valgerdur Sigurdardottir ◽  
Panagiota Drivelegka ◽  
Anna Svärd ◽  
Lennart T H Jacobsson ◽  
Mats Dehlin
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Work Absenteeism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
New Onset

ObjectivesTo examine the extent and cost of work disability among patients with gout compared with matched population controls and to analyse predictors of work disability.MethodsA regional cohort study using data from Swedish national and regional registries from January 2000 through December 2012, including 4571 patients with gout of working age, with a first recorded diagnosis of gout in the years 2003–2009 and 22 482 population controls, matched by age, sex and place of residence. Differences in baseline characteristics (educational level, income, previous employment and comorbidities) and the number of work-loss days (absenteeism) due to sick leave and disability pension for 3 years after identification were calculated. Predictors for new-onset work absenteeism (>90 days/year) in a subset were determined by conditional logistic regression.ResultsPatients with gout (median age 53 years) had significantly more comorbidities, lower income and lower level of education than matched controls. The average work absentee rate during the 3-year follow-up period was higher among patients with gout than controls, 22% and 14%, respectively (P<0.0001). New-onset absenteeism was in multivariate analyses significantly predicted by gout (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.75). Other variables independently related to new-onset absenteeism were education ≤12 years, previous unemployment and history of sick leave, in addition to several comorbidities (renal disease, cardiovascular disease, alcohol abuse and obesity).ConclusionsGout is associated with substantially higher work absenteeism and costs for society due to productivity loss, after adjusting for associated comorbidities and socioeconomic differences. Whether more intensive treatment of gout is cost-effective needs to be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals Association of Consecutive Influenza Vaccinations and Pneumonia: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Liang-Tsai Yeh ◽  
Chi-Ho Chan ◽  
Shun-Fa Yang ◽  
Han-Wei Yeh ◽  
Ying-Tung Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Influenza Vaccinations ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individuals receiving influenza vaccines have a lower risk of pneumonia. A nationwide population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We enrolled 7565 patients each in pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups after diagnosis of patients with chronic pulmonary disease, and these patients were individually age and sex matched in a 1:1 ratio. Using conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated in patients who received influenza vaccination and those who had not previously had pneumonia. Moreover, we also analyzed the interval between vaccination and the onset of pneumonia and the number of vaccinations received by patients. This was compared with patients who never received influenza vaccination. Patients who had received influenza vaccination and had been vaccinated for two consecutive years (aOR = 0.85, confidence interval (CI) = 0.79–0.93 and aOR = 0.75, CI = 0.67–0.85, respectively) showed lower rates of pneumonia occurrence by 15–25%. In conclusion, influenza vaccination significantly reduces the occurrence of pneumonia, especially in individuals who receive vaccination in consecutive years.

scholarly journals 1402. Long-Term Mortality and Epilepsy in Patients After Brain Abscess: A Nationwide Population-based Matched Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S510-S510
Author(s):  
Jacob Bodilsen ◽  
Michael Dalager-Pedersen ◽  
Diederik van de Beek ◽  
Matthijs C Brouwer ◽  
Henrik Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background The long-term outcome of brain abscess is unclear. Methods We used medical registries to conduct a nationwide population-based matched cohort study to examine the long-term risks of mortality and new-onset epilepsy in patients hospitalized with brain abscess in Denmark from 1982 through 2016. Comparison cohorts from the same population individually matched on age, sex, and residence were identified, as were siblings of all study participants (Figure 1). We computed cumulative incidences and hazard rate ratios (HRRs) for mortality and new-onset epilepsy among brain abscess patients, comparison cohorts and siblings. Population and appendicitis controls had similar characteristics and prognosis why only comparisons between brain abscess patients and population controls are detailed here. Results We identified 1,384 brain abscess patients with a median follow-up time of 5.9 years (IQR 1.1–14.2). The 1-year, 2–5 year, and 6–30-year mortality of patients after brain abscess was 21%, 16% and 27% when compared with 1%, 6% and 20% for matched population controls (Figure 2). Cox regression analyses adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index score showed 1-year, 2–5 year, and 6- to 30-year HRRs of 17.5 (95% CI 13.9–22.2), 2.61 (95% CI 2.16–3.16) and 1.94 (95% CI 1.62–2.31). The mortality in brain abscess patients compared with population controls was significantly increased regardless of sex or age group except among subjects 80 years or older, and in both previously healthy individuals and immuno-compromised persons. Among the 30-day survivors of brain abscess (median follow-up 7.6 years [IQR 2.2–15.5]), new-onset epilepsy occurred in 32% compared with 2% in matched population controls. Cause-specific Cox regression analysis adjusted for stroke, head trauma, alcohol abuse, and cancer showed 1-year, 2–5-year, and 6–30-year HRRs for new-onset epilepsy of 155 (95% CI 78.8–304), 37.7 (95% CI 23.0–59.9), and 8.93 (95% CI 5.62–14.2) (Figure 3). Comparisons between sibling cohorts suggested no substantial effect of family-related factors on the long-term risk of death or epilepsy after brain abscess (Figure 4). Conclusion Brain abscess is associated with an increased long-term risk of mortality and new-onset epilepsy for several years after the acute infection. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in patients with asthma: a nationwide case−control study from Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 1601014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Zöller ◽  
Mirnabi Pirouzifard ◽  
Ashfaque A. Memon ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study

Asthma is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) but little is known about whether asthma is associated with an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The aim in this study was to determine the risk of the first event of PE, DVT or a combination of PE and DVT in patients with asthma.We conducted this nationwide case–control study using data from Swedish nationwide registries. We included 114 366 Swedish-born patients with a first hospital diagnosis of PE, 76 494 patients with DVT and 6854 patients with both PE and DVT in Sweden between 1981 and 2010. We also included five age-, sex- and education-matched population controls. All previous hospital diagnoses of asthma were identified. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios with adjustment for potential confounders.Asthma was associated with an adjusted odds ratio for PE of 1.43 (95% CI 1.37–1.50), for DVT of 1.56 (95% CI 1.47–1.65) and for combined PE and DVT of 1.60 (95% CI 1.32–1.93). Asthma was associated with an increased risk of PE, DVT and combined PE and DVT.Thus, the inflammation conferred by asthma seems to have systemic (and not just local) prothrombotic effects with increased risk of both DVT and PE.

Comorbidities at diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based case-control study

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Tidblad ◽  
Helga Westerlind ◽  
Bénédicte Delcoigne ◽  
Johan Askling ◽  
Saedis Saevarsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Objectives Comorbidities contribute to the morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and are thus important to capture and treat early. In contrast to the well-studied comorbidity risks in established RA, less is known about the comorbidity pattern up until diagnosis of RA. We therefore compared if the occurrence of defined conditions, and the overall comorbidity burden at RA diagnosis, is different from that in the general population, and if it differs between seropositive and seronegative RA. Methods Using Swedish national clinical and demographic registers, we identified new-onset RA patients (n = 11 086), and matched (1:5) to general population controls (n = 54 813). Comorbidities prior to RA diagnosis were identified in the Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers, and compared using logistic regression. Results At diagnosis of RA, respiratory (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.44–1.74), endocrine (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.31–1.47), and certain neurological diseases (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.59–1.89) were more common in RA vs controls, with a similar pattern in seropositive and seronegative RA. In contrast, psychiatric disorders (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.82–0.92) and malignancies (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79–0.97) were less commonly diagnosed in RA vs controls. The comorbidity burden was slightly higher in RA patients compared with controls (p&lt; 0.0001). Conclusion We found several differences in comorbidity prevalence between patients with new-onset seropositive and seronegative RA compared with matched controls from the general population. These findings are important both for our understanding of the evolvement of comorbidities in established RA and for early detection of these conditions.

scholarly journals Combination therapies with thiazolidinediones are associated with a lower risk of acute exacerbations in new-onset COPD patients with advanced diabetic mellitus: a cohort-based case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Yuan Chen ◽  
Sheng-Ming Wu ◽  
Chien-Hua Tseng ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
Yu-Huei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Control Study ◽  
New Onset

Abstract BACKGROUND: The effects of oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OADs) for T2DM on outcomes of co-existing COPD patients have been less concerned. We examined the association of combinational OADs and risk of AECOPD in T2DM patients with co-existing COPDMETHODS: A cohort-based case-control study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Among new-onset COPD-T2DM patients, 65,370 were prescribed with metformin and 2nd line OADs before the date of COPD onset. Each AECOPD case was matched to 4 randomly selected controls according to the propensity score estimated by patient’s baseline characteristics. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between AECOPD risk and OADs use. RESULTS: Among COPD-T2DM patients, 3,355 AECOPD cases and 13,420 matched controls were selected. All COPD-T2DM patients with a double combination of oral OADs (n=12,916), AECOPD patients were less likely to be exposed to sulfonylurea (SU) and thiazolidinediones (TZD) compared to the patients received metformin (MET) and SU, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.94, P=0.02). Of the patients with a triple combination of oral OADs (n=3,859), we found that MET, SU and TZD had a lower risk of AECOPD (adjusted OR=0.81 (0.68-0.96, P=0.01) compared to a combination of MET, SU and a-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) regardless the level of COPD complexity. CONCLUSION: Combination therapies with TZD were associated with reducing risk of AECOPD in advanced T2DM patients with co-existing COPD.

Long-term Mortality and Epilepsy in Patients After Brain Abscess: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2825-2832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Bodilsen ◽  
Michael Dalager-Pedersen ◽  
Diederik van de Beek ◽  
Matthijs C Brouwer ◽  
Henrik Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Index Score ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background We aimed to determine the long-term risks of mortality and new-onset epilepsy after brain abscess. Methods Using nationwide population-based medical registries, we examined all patients with first-time brain abscess in Denmark, 1982–2016. Comparison cohorts individually matched on age, sex, and residence were identified, as were siblings of all study participants. Next, we computed cumulative incidences and hazard rate ratios (HRRs) with 95% confidence intervals of mortality and new-onset epilepsy among study populations. Results We identified 1384 brain abscess patients (37% females) with a median follow-up time of 5.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.1–14.2). The 1-year, 2–5 year, and 6–30 year mortality of patients after brain abscess was 21%, 16%, and 27% as compared to 1%, 6%, and 20% for population controls. Cox regression analyses adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index score showed 1-year, 2–5 year, and 6–30 year HRRs of 17.5 (13.9–22.0), 2.61 (2.16–3.16), and 1.94 (1.62–2.31). The mortality in brain abscess patients was significantly increased regardless of sex or age group except among subjects 80 years or older, and in both previously healthy individuals and immunocompromised persons. Among the 30-day survivors of brain abscess (median follow-up 7.6 years [IQR 2.2–15.5]), new-onset epilepsy occurred in 32% compared to 2% in matched population controls. Cause-specific Cox regression analysis adjusted for stroke, head trauma, alcohol abuse, and cancer showed 1-year, 2–5 year, and 6–30 year HRRs for new-onset epilepsy of 155 (78.8–304), 37.7 (23.0–59.9), and 8.93 (5.62–14.2). Conclusions Brain abscess is associated with an increased long-term risk of mortality and new-onset epilepsy for several years after infection.

scholarly journals Modeling Fused Filament Fabrication using Artificial Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Oehlmann ◽  
Paul Osswald ◽  
Juan Camilo Blanco ◽  
Martin Friedrich ◽  
Dominik Rietzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

AbstractWith industries pushing towards digitalized production, adaption to expectations and increasing requirements for modern applications, has brought additive manufacturing (AM) to the forefront of Industry 4.0. In fact, AM is a main accelerator for digital production with its possibilities in structural design, such as topology optimization, production flexibility, customization, product development, to name a few. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a widespread and practical tool for rapid prototyping that also demonstrates the importance of AM technologies through its accessibility to the general public by creating cost effective desktop solutions. An increasing integration of systems in an intelligent production environment also enables the generation of large-scale data to be used for process monitoring and process control. Deep learning as a form of artificial intelligence (AI) and more specifically, a method of machine learning (ML) is ideal for handling big data. This study uses a trained artificial neural network (ANN) model as a digital shadow to predict the force within the nozzle of an FFF printer using filament speed and nozzle temperatures as input data. After the ANN model was tested using data from a theoretical model it was implemented to predict the behavior using real-time printer data. For this purpose, an FFF printer was equipped with sensors that collect real time printer data during the printing process. The ANN model reflected the kinematics of melting and flow predicted by models currently available for various speeds of printing. The model allows for a deeper understanding of the influencing process parameters which ultimately results in the determination of the optimum combination of process speed and print quality.

Sibling Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Risk for Suicide Attempt

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110250
Author(s):  
Mallory E. Stephenson ◽  
Sara Larsson Lönn ◽  
Jessica E. Salvatore ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Shared Genetic

The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling’s AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based registers with national coverage. Among full sibling pairs (656,807 males and 607,096 females), we found that, even after we accounted for the proband’s AUD status, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was significantly elevated when the proband’s sibling was affected by AUD. Furthermore, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was consistently higher when the sibling’s AUD registration had occurred more recently. Our findings provide evidence for exposure to sibling AUD as an environmental risk factor for suicide attempt and suggest that clinical outreach may be warranted following a sibling’s diagnosis with AUD.

Longitudinal courses of suicidal ideation in U.S. military veterans: a 7-year population-based, prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sarah Herzog ◽  
Jack Tsai ◽  
Brandon Nichter ◽  
Lorig Kachadourian ◽  
Ilan Harpaz-Rotem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
National Probability Sample ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Varied longitudinal courses of suicidal ideation (SI) may be linked to unique sets of risk and protective factors. Method A national probability sample of 2291 U.S. veterans was followed over four assessments spanning 7 years to examine how a broad range of baseline risk and protective factors predict varying courses of SI. Results Most veterans (82.6%) denied SI at baseline and all follow-ups, while 8.7% had new onset SI, 5.4% chronic SI, and 3.3% remitted SI. Compared to the no-SI group, chronic SI was associated with childhood trauma, baseline major depressive and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (MDD/PTSD), physical health difficulties, and recent traumatic stressors. Remitted veterans had the highest risk of a prior suicide attempt (SA) compared to no-SI [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 3.31] and chronic SI groups (RRR = 4.65); and high rates of MDD/PTSD (RRR = 7.62). New onset SI was associated with recent stressors and physical health difficulties. All symptomatic SI groups reported decrements in protective factors, specifically, social connectedness, trait curiosity/exploration, and purpose in life. Conclusion Nearly one-in-five veterans reported SI over a 7-year period, most of whom evidenced new onset or remitted SI courses. Chronic and remitted SI may represent particularly high-risk SI courses; the former was associated with higher rates of prospective SA, and psychiatric and physical distress, and the latter with increased likelihood of prior SA, and isolation from social and mental health supports. Physical disability, MDD/PTSD, and recent stressors may be important precipitating or maintaining factors of SI, while social connectedness may be a key target for suicide prevention efforts.

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