scholarly journals AB1138 ASSESSMENT OF FLUORESCENCE-OPTICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUE OF THE HANDS IN PSORIASIS AND PSORIATIC PATIENTS USING AN INNOVATIVE OBJECTIVE METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1859.2-1859
Author(s):  
L. Zerweck ◽  
U. Henkemeier ◽  
P. H. Nguyen ◽  
T. Rossmanith ◽  
A. Pippow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fluorescence Optical Imaging

Background:Psoriasis (Pso) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases in Europe. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is closely associated to Pso whereas the skin manifestation appears usually years before PsA-related symptoms emerge. Up to 30% of Pso patients develop PsA, biomarkers for its early detection are of major importance. In early PsA, changes in synovial vascularisation appear first. Imaging biomarkers for detection of changes in vascularisation might be useful for early detection of musculoskeletal disease. Fluorescence-optical imaging (FOI) is a new method to detect changes in microvascularisation of the hands. Each collected data set of the FOI system contains 360 images representing a time progression of the indocyanine green (ICG) distribution.Objectives:To evaluate a reader-independent assessment method for evaluation of FOI in patients with PsO and PsA.Methods:A prospective study including patients with dermatological confirmed skin PsO was performed. 411 patients were included from German dermatology units without PsA diagnosis but potential risk for its development. Clinical examination (CE) was performed by a qualified rheumatologist. For a reader independent evaluation of the FOI images an objective joint-based scoring method was developed. For this method, the joint areas are defined by image segmentation and scored based on generated heatmaps. To calculate a heatmap indicating conspicuous joints from a data set containing 360 images, each pixel is converted to a time series containing 360 values. From this time series, three independent values (features) are extracted: amplitude, average value and maximal slope. Thus, each pixel is reduced to three different feature values. After the three features are determined for each pixel, k-means clustering is performed on each feature. The numbers of centroids (k) are set to 3, 5, 7 and 9. 12 heatmaps (3 features à 4 ks) are calculated, which results in 12 scores for each joint as well. The clusters are then sorted dependent on their centroid value and coloured accordingly to a predefined heatmap colour palette. To finally score each joint, the pixels in the segmented joint area and their assigned cluster are summed and normalized by the area’s amount of pixels and k.Results:271 of the patients were investigated by the newly developed method and compared with the CE scoring. 6426 joints were labeled as healthy whereas 1162 joints were either labeled as swollen, tender or both. The result over all investigated patients for k = 9 is summed in table 1. It is observable that every average and median healthy value is lower than the corresponding affected value.Table 1.Resulting scores for k = 9 for all 271 patients.Feature Statistic valueAmplitudeMeanSlopeHealthyAffectedHealthyAffectedHealthyAffectedAverage0.5030.5280.4860.5090.3950.414Median0.4960.5320.4820.5050.3890.415Conclusion:FOI is an innovative method that detects early changes in vascularization of the hands. So, this method can be useful in early detection of arthritis especially in risk populations such as PsO patients. The results of the objective scoring method show that a clear distinction between healthy and affected joints is possible with the average scores as well as the median values. However, if the range of the scores is considered, the overlap between healthy and affected is not neglectable. Thus, the current scoring system can be used as an indicator but not as a single classification marker. Nevertheless, the research at hand has shown the expected outcome and motivates further development on the heatmap approach.Disclosure of Interests:Lukas Zerweck: None declared, Ulf Henkemeier: None declared, Phuong-Ha Nguyen: None declared, Tanja Rossmanith Grant/research support from: Janssen, BMS, LEO, Pfizer, Andreas Pippow: None declared, Harald Burkhardt Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Consultant of: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Frank Behrens Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, Chugai, Celgene, Lilly and Roche, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Sanofi, Lilly, Novartis, Genzyme, Boehringer, Janssen, MSD, Celgene, Roche and Chugai, Michaela Köhm Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, BMS, LEO, Consultant of: BMS, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, BMS, Janssen, Novartis

scholarly journals AB1111 PREDICTIVE VALUE OF FLUORESCENCE-OPTICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUE IN DETECTION OF PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IN PSORIASIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1845.1-1845
Author(s):  
M. Köhm ◽  
S. Ohrndorf ◽  
T. Rossmanith ◽  
M. Backhaus ◽  
G. R. Burmester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Fluorescence Optical Imaging

Background:Psoriasis (Pso) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases in Europe. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is closely associated to Pso whereas the skin manifestation appears usually years before PsA-related symptoms emerge. Up to 30% of Pso patients develop PsA, but there is no clear correlation between disease duration of Pso and PsA development. Therefore, biomarkers for its early detection are of major importance. In early PsA, changes in synovial vascularisation combined with increased expression of proangiogenic factors appear first. Therefore, imaging biomarkers for detection of changes in vascularisation might be useful for early detection of musculoskeletal disease. Fluorescence-optical imaging (FOI) is a new method to detect changes in microvascularisation of the hands.Objectives:To determine the number of positive PsA diagnosis within a 24 month follow-up period in PsO only patients with subclinical MSK-inflammation detected in FOI.Methods:Sensitivity of FOI for detection of subclinical signs of musculoskeletal inflammation as biomarker for early PsA was observed in a prospective, multicentre study (XCITING) including patients with dermatological confirmed skin psoriasis. 411 patients were included from dermatology care units across Germany without diagnosis of PsA but potential risk factors for its development (nail psoriasis and/or joint pain or swelling within the last 6 months). Clinical examination (CE; swollen (66) and tender (68) joint count, enthesitis, dactylitis assessment) and standardised ultrasound (US) assessment was performed by a qualified rheumatologist to assess musculoskeletal inflammation. FOI was performed additionally. Data was analysed in focus on increased vascularisation of musculoskeletal structures as inflammatory markers. In case of discrepant results (positive FOI and negative CE and US), MRI was performed to prove the findings. In case of MRI negativity, a follow-up period of 24-months was performed including FOI, CE, US and MRI assessment.Results:83 of the 411 patients of the cohort were negative in all assessments (Pso only), 136 of the 411 patients were classified as PsA by rheumatologic assessments. 119 patients showed subclinical signs of musculoskeletal inflammation in the central reading of FOI, whereas CE and US were negative. In 37,5% of those patients, subclinical inflammation was confirmed by MRI assessment. 22 patients of the cohort without MRI positivity were willing to be followed up until month 24. 5 (7.5%) patients developed a clinical PsA until month 24 whereas 7 (10.5%) patients converted to be FOI negative. In 5 patients an additional MRI examination was performed in which one patient showed positive signs for inflammation.Conclusion:FOI is an innovative method for measurement of changes in microvascularisation in the hands. 6/22 patients initial only positive in FOI (no clinical signs for PsA, negative US, negative MRI) developed either clinical evident PsA (n=5) or new inflammation in MRI (n=1) during follow-up of 24 months. Therefore, FOI positive signals in PsO patients increase the probability for PsA development.Figure 1.Flow Chart of the Follow-up period of the XCITING study.Disclosure of Interests:Michaela Köhm Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, BMS, LEO, Consultant of: BMS, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, BMS, Janssen, Novartis, Sarah Ohrndorf: None declared, Tanja Rossmanith Grant/research support from: Janssen, BMS, LEO, Pfizer, Marina Backhaus Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Gerd Rüdiger Burmester Consultant of: AbbVie Inc, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Roche, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie Inc, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Roche, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma, Siegfried Wassenberg: None declared, Benjamin Köhler Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Harald Burkhardt Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Consultant of: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Frank Behrens Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, Chugai, Celgene, Lilly and Roche, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Sanofi, Lilly, Novartis, Genzyme, Boehringer, Janssen, MSD, Celgene, Roche and Chugai

scholarly journals AB1099 EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FLUORESCENCE-OPTICAL IMAGING (FOI) ASSESSMENT METHODS TO DIFFERENTIATE CLINICAL PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS FROM PSORIASIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1839.2-1839
Author(s):  
L. Haan ◽  
U. Henkemeier ◽  
A. C. Foldenauer ◽  
H. Burkhardt ◽  
F. Behrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Fluorescence Optical Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference

Background:Psoriasis (Pso) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases in Europe. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is closely associated to Pso whereas the skin manifestation appears usually years before PsA-related symptoms emerge. Up to 30% of Pso patients develop PsA, but there is no clear correlation between disease duration of Pso and PsA development. In early PsA, changes in synovial vascularisation combined with increased expression of proangiogenic factors appear first. Therefore, imaging biomarkers for detection of changes in vascularisation might be useful for early detection of musculoskeletal disease. Fluorescence-optical imaging (FOI) is an indocyanine green (ICG) tailored method to detect microvascular changes in the hands using ICG kinetics over 360 sec. Different methods for assessment of FOI are available. It has not yet been demonstrated to what extent these methods can be used to differentiate psoriasis from psoriasis arthritis.Objectives:To evaluate different reader dependent assessment methods to evaluate FOI in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.Methods:FOI data (clinical PsA n=137, PsO without PsA n=202) from an observational prospective multicentre trial in Germany was used for manual assessment of the films using two different published assessment methods:(1) FOI activity score (FOIAS) and (2) individual characteristics of ICG kinetics. For (1) FOIAS, the levels of signal enhancement were scored using a scoring system from 0 to 3 (0=no enhancement, 3=strong enhancement) per joint as well as an assessment of the summation picture. (2) Kinetics were determined by joint-related signal enhancements as well as by ICG related flow-on and flow-off behaviour. Time to the first appearance of the signal, the time to the maximum enhancement and the time to the end of the signal were determined.Results:By use of (1) FOIAS, the maximum score (overall signals of all joints assessed by FOIAS) showed a significant difference (p=0.0075) between PsA (mean 4.76) and PsO (mean 3.84). (2) Time to global maximum showed no significant difference (PsA mean 91.1 sec vs PsO 92.6 sec). Moreover, the mean time to maximum and clearance of ICG did not differ between the two diseases. The duration of the 3 phases of kinetic (phase 1: flow-in, phase 2: stable, phase 3: clearance) was 52.4 sec, 180.2 sec and 119.8 sec for PsA and 57.6 sec, 186.0 sec and 130.5 sec for PsO with an earlier phase 2 and 3 for PsA by trend. The most frequently affected joints in PsA (affected > 10%): PIP 3 right and PIP 5 right.Conclusion:FOI is a sensitive method to detect changes in microvascularisation in the hands. The use of the manual FOIAS is able to differentiate significantly between PsA and PsO patients by comparison of the sum of scores over all joints (maximum score). The assessment of ICG kinetics is limited to discriminate between musculoskeletal and joint disease, differentiation of diseases is only seen by trend. Both methods characterize disease states differently. A combination of both methods might be useful to increase the potential of manual assessment of FOI signals.Figure 1.Maximum sum score of FOIAS in PsO and PsA patients (p=0.0075 in two-sided t-test).Disclosure of Interests:Luis Haan: None declared, Ulf Henkemeier: None declared, Ann Christina Foldenauer: None declared, Harald Burkhardt Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Consultant of: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Frank Behrens Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, Chugai, Celgene, Lilly and Roche, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Sanofi, Lilly, Novartis, Genzyme, Boehringer, Janssen, MSD, Celgene, Roche and Chugai, Michaela Köhm Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, BMS, LEO, Consultant of: BMS, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, BMS, Janssen, Novartis

scholarly journals POS1401 ASSESSMENT OF INTERREADER RELIABILITY IN SCORING PATIENTS WITH HAND OSTEOARTHRITIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS BY FLUORESCENCE OPTICAL IMAGING

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 983.2-983
Author(s):  
B. Drude ◽  
Ø. Maugesten ◽  
S. G. Werner ◽  
G. R. Burmester ◽  
J. Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Fluorescence Optical Imaging ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Pip Joint

Background:Fluorescence Optical Imaging (FOI) utilises the fluorophore indocyanine green (ICG) to reflect enhanced microcirculation in hand and finger joints due to inflammation.Objectives:We wanted to assess the interreader reliability of FOI enhancement in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Furthermore, predefined typical morphologic patterns were included to determine the ability of FOI to discriminate between both diagnoses.Methods:An atlas with example images of grade 0-3 in different joint groups and typical morphologic patterns (‘streaky signals’[1], ‘green/blue nail sign’[2], ‘Werner sign’[3,4], and ‘Bishop’s crozier sign’) of PsA and hand OA was created. Two readers scored all joints in both hands (30 in total) of 20 cases with hand OA and PsA. The cases were randomly mixed and both readers were blinded to diagnosis. Each joint was rated on a semiquantitative scale from 0 to 3 in five different images (PrimaVista Mode (PVM), phase 1, 2 (first and middle image), and 3) during the FOI sequence according to the scoring method FOIAS (fluorescence optical imaging activity score)[1,3]. Interreader reliability on scoring joint enhancement was calculated using linear weighted Cohen’s kappa (κ). Agreement on diagnosis (hand OA vs. PsA) and different morphologic patterns was assessed by calculating (regular) Cohen’s kappa.Results:Overall agreement on scoring joint enhancement (all phases) was substantial (κ = 0.75), with greatest consensus in phase 2 first (κ = 0.75) and lowest agreement in phase 1 (κ = 0.46). Reliability varied in different joint groups (wrist, MCP, (P)IP, DIP), with almost perfect overall agreement on PIP joint affection (κ = 0.81), substantial agreement on wrist (κ = 0.69) and DIP joint affection (κ = 0.63), and moderate agreement on MCP joint affection (κ = 0.49) across all phases. Consensus on morphologic patterns showed overall fair agreement (κ = 0.37) with a similar kappa value on the ability to discriminate between both diagnoses (κ = 0.3).Conclusion:Joint enhancement in FOI can be reliably assessed using a predefined scoring method. The ability of FOI to differentiate between hand OA and PsA seems to be limited. Clearer definition and more training might be needed to better agree on morphologic patterns in FOI.References:[1] Glimm AM, Werner SG, Burmester GR, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Mar;75(3):566-570[2] Wiemann O, Werner SG, Langer HE, et al. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2019 Feb;17(2):138-148[3] Werner SG, Langer HE, Ohrndorf S, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Apr;71(4):504-510[4] Zeidler H 2019. Fluoreszenzoptische Bildgebung. In: Zeidler H, Michel BA. Differenzialdiagnose rheumatischer Erkrankungen 5. Aufl. Springer, Heidelberg, S. 88-89Disclosure of Interests:Benedict Drude: None declared, Øystein Maugesten: None declared, Stephanie Gabriele Werner: None declared, Gerd Rüdiger Burmester: None declared, Jörn Berger Employee of: Xiralite GmbH, Ida K. Haugen: None declared, Sarah Ohrndorf: None declared

EXTREME VALUES OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-PERIOD PHENOMENA OCCURRED DURING 1960-2015 IN THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC OCEAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diaz Juan Navia ◽  
Diaz Juan Navia ◽  
Bolaños Nancy Villegas ◽  
Bolaños Nancy Villegas ◽  
Igor Malikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Arctic Oscillation Index ◽  
Colombian Pacific

Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA), in four coastal hydrographic stations of Colombian Pacific Ocean, were analyzed. The selected hydrographic stations were: Tumaco (1°48'N-78°45'W), Gorgona island (2°58'N-78°11'W), Solano Bay (6°13'N-77°24'W) and Malpelo island (4°0'N-81°36'W). SSTA time series for 1960-2015 were calculated from monthly Sea Surface Temperature obtained from International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). SSTA time series, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (PDO), Arctic Oscillation index (AO) and sunspots number (associated to solar activity), were compared. It was found that the SSTA absolute minimum has occurred in Tumaco (-3.93°C) in March 2009, in Gorgona (-3.71°C) in October 2007, in Solano Bay (-4.23°C) in April 2014 and Malpelo (-4.21°C) in December 2005. The SSTA absolute maximum was observed in Tumaco (3.45°C) in January 2002, in Gorgona (5.01°C) in July 1978, in Solano Bay (5.27°C) in March 1998 and Malpelo (3.64°C) in July 2015. A high correlation between SST and ONI in large part of study period, followed by a good correlation with PDO, was identified. The AO and SSTA have showed an inverse relationship in some periods. Solar Cycle has showed to be a modulator of behavior of SSTA in the selected stations. It was determined that extreme values of SST are related to the analyzed large scale oscillations.

The Lyapunov Exponent Variance of an Electronic Manufacturing Enterprise’s Daily Qualified Rate Time Series by Improved Small Data Sets Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Zhu Ping Gong
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Chaotic Time Series ◽  
Quality System ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Largest Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Electronic Manufacturing ◽  
Small Data Set

Small data set approach is used for the estimation of Largest Lyapunov Exponent (LLE). Primarily, the mean period drawback of Small data set was corrected. On this base, the LLEs of daily qualified rate time series of HZ, an electronic manufacturing enterprise, were estimated and all positive LLEs were taken which indicate that this time series is a chaotic time series and the corresponding produce process is a chaotic process. The variance of the LLEs revealed the struggle between the divergence nature of quality system and quality control effort. LLEs showed sharp increase in getting worse quality level coincide with the company shutdown. HZ’s daily qualified rate, a chaotic time series, shows us the predictable nature of quality system in a short-run.

scholarly journals Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using Temporal Convolution with Attention

AI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
Wei Ming Tan ◽  
T. Hui Teo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Useful Life

Prognostic techniques attempt to predict the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of a subsystem or a component. Such techniques often use sensor data which are periodically measured and recorded into a time series data set. Such multivariate data sets form complex and non-linear inter-dependencies through recorded time steps and between sensors. Many current existing algorithms for prognostic purposes starts to explore Deep Neural Network (DNN) and its effectiveness in the field. Although Deep Learning (DL) techniques outperform the traditional prognostic algorithms, the networks are generally complex to deploy or train. This paper proposes a Multi-variable Time Series (MTS) focused approach to prognostics that implements a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with attention mechanism. The convolution filters work to extract the abstract temporal patterns from the multiple time series, while the attention mechanisms review the information across the time axis and select the relevant information. The results suggest that the proposed method not only produces a superior accuracy of RUL estimation but it also trains many folds faster than the reported works. The superiority of deploying the network is also demonstrated on a lightweight hardware platform by not just being much compact, but also more efficient for the resource restricted environment.

scholarly journals Ubiquitous Overexpression of Chromatin Remodeling Factor SRG3 Exacerbates Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice by Enhancing Th2 Immune Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Sung Won Lee ◽  
Hyun Jung Park ◽  
Jungmin Jeon ◽  
Yun Hoo Park ◽  
Tae-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Immune Disorder

The SWItch (SWI)3-related gene (SRG3) product, a SWI/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SNF) chromatin remodeling subunit, plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. We have previously shown that ubiquitous SRG3 overexpression attenuates the progression of Th1/Th17-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, it is unclear whether SRG3 overexpression can affect the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), a Th2-type immune disorder. Thus, to elucidate the effects of SRG3 overexpression in AD development, we bred NC/Nga (NC) mice with transgenic mice where SRG3 expression is driven by the β-actin promoter (SRG3β-actin mice). We found that SRG3β-actin NC mice exhibit increased AD development (e.g., a higher clinical score, immunoglobulin E (IgE) hyperproduction, and an increased number of infiltrated mast cells and basophils in skin lesions) compared with wild-type NC mice. Moreover, the severity of AD pathogenesis in SRG3β-actin NC mice correlated with expansion of interleukin 4 (IL4)-producing basophils and mast cells, and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, this accelerated AD development is strongly associated with Treg cell suppression. Collectively, our results have identified that modulation of SRG3 function can be applied as one of the options to control AD pathogenesis.

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