The impact of stopping high-energy oral nutritional supplements on eating behaviour and weight gain

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1024-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M Wright ◽  
Anna Chillingworth
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Energy Compensation ◽  
Weight Faltering ◽  
The Impact

Background and aimsMany children referred to a tertiary feeding clinic are already taking high-energy oral nutritional supplements (HEOS), but these often seem not clinically useful. We undertook a retrospective review of all children on HEOS at the time of referral to the clinic in order to describe their subsequent progress in terms of growth and feeding behaviour.ResultsA total of 48 children were on HEOS at referral and withdrawal of HEOS was attempted in 38 children, aged median 3.0 years (range 0.7–10 years) who were taking volumes equivalent to 2/3 of total daily energy requirements. The children tended to be very short and slim (median height SD score (SDS) −2.0 (range −5.7 to 1.9); body mass index −2.0 (−5.1 to 1.9)). Half had normal neurodevelopment (ND) but 4 (11%) had learning disability and 4 (11%) severe ND problems. By last follow-up after 0.86 (0–2.9) years, 30 (79%) had stopped all feeds. Those who stopped had a mean (SD) change in weight of 0.08 (0.6) SDS (range −0.88 to +1.59). Five children (17%) showed significant catch-up weight gain after stopping feeds, of whom three had been referred for weight faltering and possible tube feeding. Improvement in feeding behaviour was documented in 76% (29).ConclusionsThe use of HEOS in children suppresses appetite for solid food due to energy compensation. In some cases, HEOS may perpetuate or even cause weight faltering. It should not be assumed that failure to respond to HEOS is an indication for tube feeding.

scholarly journals Human eating behaviour in an evolutionary ecological context

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Ulijaszek
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Feeding Adaptations

Present-day human eating behaviour in industrialised society is characterised by the consumption of high-energy-density diets and often unstructured feeding patterns, largely uncoupled from seasonal cycles of food availability. Broadly similar patterns of feeding are found among advantaged groups in economically-emerging and developing nations. Such patterns of feeding are consistent with the evolutionary ecological understanding of feeding behaviour of hominids ancestral to humans, in that human feeding adaptations are likely to have arisen in the context of resource seasonality in which diet choice for energy-dense and palatable foods would have been selected by way of foraging strategies for the maximisation of energy intake. One hallmark trait of human feeding behaviour, complex control of food availability, emerged with Homo erectus (19 × 106-200 000 years ago), who carried out this process by either increased meat eating or by cooking, or both. Another key trait of human eating behaviour is the symbolic use of food, which emerged with modernHomo sapiens(100 000 years ago to the present) between 25 000 and 12 000 years ago. From this and subsequent social and economic transformations, including the origins of agriculture, humans have come to use food in increasingly elaborate symbolic ways, such that human eating has become increasingly structured socially and culturally in many different ways.

scholarly journals Implementing High Energy Liquid Nutrition, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christoph Baumann ◽  
Christian Willaschek ◽  
Tuende Kertess-Szlaninka ◽  
Lang Johanna ◽  
Reiner Buchhorn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Historical Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objective: To assess the effect of different treatment approaches on the course of anorexia nervosa (AN) over time. Methods: The subjects were 27 hospitalized AN patients. In our retrospective analysis we compared weight gain in two groups. While one group was treated with a standard oral refeeding protocol (historical control) through January 2013 (N=16), the second group (highly standardized refeeding protocol) received a high energy liquid nutrition and nutritional supplements including omega-3 fatty acids (N=11). Results: On admission, the two groups were comparable in terms of height, weight, age and heart rate. At the end of our monitoring time frame of 25 days, weight gain was 121.4% higher in the highly standardized refeeding protocol group than in the historical control group (66.5 ±52.4 vs 147.3 ±55.7 grams/day; t-Test p=0.004; CI95%: 29.3-132.2). A carbohydrate rich diet clearly improved weight gain if high energy liquid nutrition was replaced by the diet according the patient’s own wishes. About 45% of our patients stated they were vegetarians at admission. However, we could not identify a vegetarian diet as a statistically significant negative prognostic factor for weight gain. Conclusion: The highly standardized refeeding protocol seems to be helpful in malnourished AN patients to improve weight gain without enhancing the risk of a refeeding syndrome. However, further studies with greater number of patients are needed to confirm the effectiveness of our standardized treatment protocol.

511 DO ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE FRAIL ELDERLY- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii14-ii18
Author(s):  
C Ryan ◽  
I Hynd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Elderly Adult ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are regularly used in older frail adults to help reduced oral intake, recovery from acute illness and weight gain. As, many frailer patients have limited life expectancies the priority for treatment should be improving quality of life (QoL). We set out to find if ONS increase QoL in the frail elderly adult. Method We searched Embase, Medline and OVID databases for using terms for ONS, frail older adults and QoL. The two authors independently reviewed all papers with any dispute was resolved by discussion. Each paper was then reviewed by both authors to extract data and determine bias before collation. Results The search returned 516 papers. Each paper was briefly reviewed to check for relevance leaving 65 papers for detailed review of which 8 papers were included. Two systematic reviews were included. One was unable to draw conclusions from the 3 papers (out of 17) that included QoL as the graded evidence was too poor. The other showed no impact on QoL (in the 2 out of 12 papers that included QoL) in patients post hip fracture receiving ONS. One paper interviewed frail elderly patients about the perceived benefits of their ONS. Nursing home residents perceived that ONS improved their ability to see family which was inferred as improving QoL. Three papers assessed ONS in conjunction with physical exercise. Two showed an improvement in quality of life in the ONS group despite controls also receiving a physical exercise programme. Two papers assessed the impact of ONS on patients discharged from hospital and those chronically unwell- neither showed any difference in QoL. Discussion Quality of life has been a neglected area of study when assessing the impact of ONS on frail elderly patients. When used in conjunction with physical exercise it seems to have a positive effect.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise and restrained eating behaviour on appetite control

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Martins ◽  
M. Denise Robertson ◽  
Linda M. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is a global epidemic; increased consumption of energy-dense food and reduced physical activity levels are likely to be the main drivers. Previous cross-sectional research has shown that sedentary males, unlike their active counterparts, are unable to compensate for previous energy intake (EI). Using a longitudinal design a 6-week exercise intervention was found to improve short-term appetite control, leading to a more ‘sensitive’ eating behaviour in response to previous EI, both acutely at a test meal and for the next 24 h. Although the mechanisms whereby acute and chronic exercise improves short-term appetite remain unknown, post-ingestive satiety peptides are likely to be involved. Acute exercise was found to increase postprandial levels of polypeptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and pancreatic polypeptide but to have no impact on ghrelin, suggesting that exercise can trigger physiological changes in satiety hormone secretion that could help in appetite control and weight maintenance. In the context of an increased availability of highly-palatable food, dietary restraint may be increasingly important. Although restraint has been associated with abnormal eating behaviour, in the laboratory no counter-regulation was found in restrained eaters when presented with a buffet meal 60 min after a high-energy preload or when a pasta-meal was presented 3 h after preloading. Although restraint was not found to impact on polypeptide YY or TAG, lower postprandial glucose and insulin plasma levels were observed in restrained eaters, together with increased feelings of fullness. In conclusion, short-term appetite control seems to be favourably modified by exercise, while the impact of restraint on appetite seems to be more complex.

scholarly journals Weight gain in mice on a high caloric diet and chronically treated with omeprazole depends on sex and genetic background

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (1) ◽  
pp. G15-G23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Saqui-Salces ◽  
Amy C. Tsao ◽  
Merritt G. Gillilland ◽  
Juanita L. Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Mixed Genetic Background ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
High Caloric Diet ◽  
The Impact

The impact of omeprazole (OM), a widely used over-the-counter proton pump inhibitor, on weight gain has not been extensively explored. We examined what factors, e.g., diet composition, microbiota, genetic strain, and sex, might affect weight gain in mice fed a high caloric diet while on OM. Inbred C57BL/6J strain, a 50:50 hybrid (B6SJLF1/J) strain, and mice on a highly mixed genetic background were fed four diets: standard chow (STD, 6% fat), STD with 200 ppm OM (STD + O), a high-energy chow (HiE, 11% fat), and HiE chow with OM (HiE + O) for 17 wk. Metabolic analysis, body composition, and fecal microbiota composition were analyzed in C57BL/6J mice. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed using mice on the mixed background. After 8 wk, female and male C57BL/6J mice on the HiE diets ate less, whereas males on the HiE diets compared with the STD diets gained weight. All diet treatments reduced energy expenditure in females but in males only those on the HiE + O diet. Gut microbiota composition differed in the C57BL/6J females but not the males. Hybrid B6SJLF1/J mice showed similar weight gain on all test diets. In contrast, mixed strain male mice fed a HiE + O diet gained ∼40% more weight than females on the same diet. In addition to increased weight gain, mixed genetic mice on the HiE + O diet cleared glucose normally but secreted more insulin. We concluded that sex and genetic background define weight gain and metabolic responses of mice on high caloric diets and OM.

Malnutrition: evaluating the effectiveness of supplements

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (Sup7) ◽  
pp. S18-S25
Author(s):  
Abbie Jane Collins ◽  
Victoria Clemett ◽  
Amanda McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medical Databases ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Low Volume

This article explores the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements through a literature review. A literature search was performed throughout various medical databases and one article was selected for a critical appraisal. The study focused on the use of high-energy, low-volume supplements for people living in care homes who are at risk of malnutrtion or who are already manourished. The methods and conclusions of the study are then scrutinised. This article recommends further research to be carried out into the type and volume of supplements needed and the implementation of evidence-based practice.

scholarly journals Self-reported taste and smell alterations and the liking of oral nutritional supplements with sensory-adapted flavors in cancer patients receiving systemic antitumor treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacco J. de Haan ◽  
Remco J. Renken ◽  
Yvette Moshage ◽  
Daniëlle A. Kluifhooft ◽  
Camille Corbier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Antitumor Therapy ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Permutation Analysis

Abstract Purpose Taste and smell alterations (TAs and SAs) are often reported by patients with cancer receiving systemic antitumor therapy and can negatively impact food intake and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of TAs and SAs and investigate the impact of TAs on overall liking of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) with warming and cooling sensations. Methods Patients receiving systemic antitumor therapy completed a questionnaire on sensory alterations and evaluated overall liking of 5 prototype flavors of Nutridrink® Compact Protein (hot tropical ginger (HTG), hot mango (HM), cool red fruits (CRF), cool lemon (CL), and neutral (N)) on a 10-point scale via a sip test. Differences between patients with and without TAs were investigated using permutation analysis. Results Fifty patients with various cancer types and treatments were included. Thirty patients (60%) reported TAs and 13 (26%) experienced SAs. Three flavors were rated highly with a liking score > 6 (CRF 6.8 ± 1.7; N 6.5 ± 1.9; HTG 6.0 ± 2.0). Larger variation in ONS liking scores was observed in patients with TAs with or without SAs (4.5–6.9 and 4.6–7.2, respectively) vs. patients without TAs (5.9–6.5). TAs were associated with increased liking of CRF (Δ = + 0.9) and N (Δ = + 1.0) flavors. Conclusions TAs and SAs are common in patients with cancer undergoing systemic antitumor therapy. Patients with TAs were more discriminant in liking of ONS flavors compared to patients without TAs, and sensory-adapted flavors appeared to be appreciated. The presence of TAs should be considered when developing or selecting ONS for patients with cancer. Trial registration Registration at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03525236) on 26 April 2018.

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