Medullary brain abscess secondary to dental procedure caused by Streptococcus intermedius

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e240769
Author(s):  
Amit Verma ◽  
Saad Qutab ◽  
Mahum Baig
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Dental Procedure ◽  
Streptococcus Intermedius ◽  
Clinical Index ◽  
Head And Neck Infections

Brainstem abscess is an uncommon occurrence in itself and an abscess in the medulla oblongata is even rarer. Although these abscesses have established association with head and neck infections, we report the first known case of medullary abscess that was found to be strongly associated with dental procedure. Important point to note is that a simple procedure like tooth extraction can predispose spread of infective seeding to distant sites. High clinical index of suspicion and early diagnosis are essential, as if left untreated, the brainstem abscess is almost always fatal otherwise.

scholarly journals Oral and Maxillo-Facial Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: An Overview

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Saverio Capodiferro ◽  
Luisa Limongelli ◽  
Gianfranco Favia
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Current Special Issue

Many systemic (infective, genetic, autoimmune, neoplastic) diseases may involve the oral cavity and, more generally, the soft and hard tissues of the head and neck as primary or secondary localization. Primary onset in the oral cavity of both pediatric and adult diseases usually represents a true challenge for clinicians; their precocious detection is often difficult and requires a wide knowledge but surely results in the early diagnosis and therapy onset with an overall better prognosis and clinical outcomes. In the current paper, as for the topic of the current Special Issue, the authors present an overview on the most frequent clinical manifestations at the oral and maxillo-facial district of systemic disease.

Laryngeal cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110105
Author(s):  
Kelvin Miu
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

Laryngeal cancer is a common head and neck cancer and typically presents with voice hoarseness in patients older than 60 years. Early recognition of signs and symptoms of laryngeal cancer can lead to early diagnosis and treatment, therefore improving patient outcomes. This article aims to provide an overview of the anatomy of the larynx, presentation and management of laryngeal cancer, and common follow-up problems.

Diagnosis and Management of Anaerobic Infections of the Head and Neck

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Penicillin Therapy ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Head And Neck Infections

Anaerobic bacteria are important pathogens in head and neck infections such as chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, chronic mastoiditis, head and neck abscesses, cervical adenitis, parotitis, and postoperative infection. Bacteroides sp ( Bacteroides melaninogenicus group, Bacteroides oralis, and Bacteroides fragilis group), Peptostreptococcus sp, and Fusobacterium sp predominate. The observed recent increase in the number of β-lactamase—producing strains of Bacteroides sp isolated in head and neck infections has been associated with increased failure rates of the penicillins in the management of these infections. The pathogenicity of these organisms is expressed through their ability not only to survive penicillin therapy but also to shield penicillin-susceptible pathogens from the drug. Because of these direct and indirect virulent characteristics of anaerobic bacteria, appropriate antimicrobial therapy must be directed against all pathogens in mixed infections.

scholarly journals Tracheostomy in Head and Neck Cancers

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reema Rai ◽  
Parag Watve ◽  
Bachi T Hathiram
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Fistulous Tract ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Cricothyroid Membrane ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
Anterior Aspect ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract The term ‘tracheostomy’ or ‘tracheotomy’ refers to the procedure whereby a communication is made between the anterior wall of the trachea and the exterior which bypasses the upper air passages. It results in the formation of a fistulous tract between the anterior aspect of the neck and the trachea allowing air to enter the lower respiratory passages without passing through the nose, pharynx and larynx. It is performed at all ages, however, there are significant differences in the procedure when performed in adults and children. ‘Laryngotomy’ or ‘cricothyrotomy’ is the emergency operation where the airway is opened through the cricothyroid membrane in case of acute respiratory obstruction where there is no time for tracheostomy or inavailability of a competent surgeon to perform the tracheostomy. It is a relatively simple procedure and life-saving.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Role of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal PCR in Pediatric Head and Neck Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 734-739
Author(s):  
Chandni Patel ◽  
Guru Bhoojhawon ◽  
Lukasz Weiner ◽  
Danelle Wilson ◽  
Derek Zhorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Head And Neck Infections

OBJECTIVE Vancomycin is often empirically used in the management of head and neck infections (HNIs) in children. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) nasal PCR to facilitate de-escalation of vancomycin for pediatric HNIs. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who received empiric intravenous vancomycin for a diagnosis of HNIs between January 2010 and December 2019. Subjects were excluded if they met any of the following: confirmed/suspected coinfection of another site, dialysis, immunocompromised status, admission to the NICU, alternative diagnosis that did not require antibiotics, or readmission for HNIs within 30 days of previous admission. The primary outcome was time to de-escalation of vancomycin. Total duration of antibiotics, treatment failure, hospital length of stay (LOS), and incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) were also assessed. RESULTS Of the 575 patients identified, 124 patients received an SA nasal PCR. The median time to de-escalation was 39.5 hours in those patients compared with 53.7 hours in patients who did not have a SA nasal PCR (p = 0.002). No difference was noted in total duration of all methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antibiotics, hospital LOS, treatment failure, and AKI. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of pediatric patients with HNIs, those who underwent testing with an SA nasal PCR spent less time receiving intravenous vancomycin, although their LOS was not significantly reduced. Further investigation is needed to better define the role of SA nasal PCRs in determining antibiotic therapy for HNIs.

scholarly journals Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis of Mandible Masquerading Periapical Pathology

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Goel ◽  
Veena Gupta ◽  
Anjali Narwal ◽  
Jigyasa Duhan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Surgical Complication ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Metastatic Tumour ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Head And Neck Pathology ◽  
Head And Neck Infections

ABSTRACT Actinomycosis is an infectious disease characterized by chronic granulomatous and suppurative lesions often caused by Actinomyces group. Actinomycosis has been referred to as the chameleon of head and neck pathology because of its varied clinical picture which can resemble various pathologies ranging from benign infection to metastatic tumour. Nowadays, the diagnosis of the same may be difficult because the number of patients with typical symptoms has decreased, and there is a low success rate in culturing the microorganism. Mandibular osteomyelitis is also underappreciated by many clinicians in their assessment of head and neck infections. Most cases are traced to an odontogenic source, with periapical tooth abscess and posttraumatic or surgical complication as key antecedent events. A case of osteomyelitis of mandible initiated from a vital but peridontally compromised tooth is reported. Radiography of this case revealed bone destruction, and H & E of the biopsied tissue showed branching filaments resembling ray fungus.

scholarly journals Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Region – A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Vandana P Thorawade ◽  
S A Jaiswal ◽  
Seema Ramlakhan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Variable Nature

Introduction  Tuberculosis can involve any organ or site. Otorhinolaryngologist may encounter tuberculosis affecting lymph nodes, ear, larynx, deep neck spaces, salivary glands etc. which can mimic other chronic granulomatous conditions or malignancy. To ensure early diagnosis, it is important to recognize its cardinal signs and symptoms and to be aware of potential pitfalls in diagnosis. This study was done to learn the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in ear, nose, throat and head and neck region, and to assess the effectiveness of various investigations and treatment done for the same. Materials and Methods  A retrospective study done in our institution involving 120 patients suffering from tuberculosis in ear, nose, throat and head and neck region who attended pulmonary medicine or ENT OPD or ward between January 2008 to December 2017 that is, 10 years. Study period for data collection and analysis was 1 month. Results Total 120 patients-69 males and 51 females. Most common site was cervical lymph nodes(77.5% patients), followed by larynx(8.3%),middle ear(7.5%),deep neck spaces(2.5%) and salivary glands and nose(1.7% each). Histopathology was highly sensitive(99. 1%).All except one patient responded to first-line antitubercular drugs, the other patient was given treatment for MDR-TB to which he responded. Conclusion Tuberculosis can involve any site in the head and neck region, most common being cervical lymph nodes mainly presenting as neck swelling. Variable nature of manifestations of tuberculosis makes it essential to have high degree of suspicion for early diagnosis.

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