scholarly journals Number of incident cases of the main eye diseases of ageing in the UK Biobank cohort, projected over a 25-year period from time of recruitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1533-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Desai ◽  
Darwin C Minassian ◽  
Angela Reidy ◽  
Naomi Allen ◽  
Cathie Sudlow
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Nested Case Control

ObjectivesTo estimate the number of new cases of age-related macular degeneration, cataract and glaucoma accruing in the UK Biobank cohort, over a period of 25 years from time of recruitment. Our secondary objective was to assess the statistical power of nested case–control studies of these eye diseases. We aimed to provide quantitative information relevant to UK Biobank’s eye disease case ascertainment efforts and to the potential for UK Biobank-based research into the causes of eye disease.MethodsWe constructed a Markov discrete-time state transition model to simulate the population dynamics of the eye disorders within the UK Biobank cohort, using prevalence data from population-based epidemiological studies to derive incidence, and Office for National Statistics data on mortality and migration overseas.ResultsBy 2023, >900 new cases of each of ‘wet’ (neovascular) and ‘dry’ age-related macular degeneration, >1200 cases of primary open angle glaucoma and almost 15 000 cases of cataracts are expected to have accrued in the subcohort of 68 500 participants who had ocular assessment at baseline, with around seven times as many cases of each disease in the whole cohort of 500 000 participants. These predicted incident case numbers generate good or substantial statistical power for a range of nested case–control studies of potential genetic, lifestyle and environmental determinants of disease.ConclusionsOver the next few years, UK Biobank is expected to generate sufficient numbers of new cases for statistically well-powered studies of the determinants of the major causes of sight loss: age-related macular degeneration, vision-impairing cataract and glaucoma.

scholarly journals Association Between Age‐Related Macular Degeneration and Risk of Heart Failure: A Population‐Based Nested Case‐Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao‐Chien Chang ◽  
Chi‐Hung Huang ◽  
Yu‐Ching Chou ◽  
Jin‐Yin Chang ◽  
Chien‐An Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Background Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem worldwide because of its high morbidity and mortality. Recently, the role of the microvasculature in HF has gained more attention. Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is manifested through geographic atrophy or the development of neovascularization. However, there are limited data on investigations about the association between AMD and HF. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of AMD with the risk of HF in a large population‐based cohort of men and women. Methods and Results A nested case‐control study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database was conducted between 2000 and 2012. Newly diagnosed heart failure cases (n=13 721) and matched controls (n=54 884) in the database were recruited. Patients who had ≥2 clinical visits with a diagnosis of AMD at least 1 year before the diagnosis of HF were identified as patients with AMD. Conditional logistic regressions were performed to calculate odds ratios and 95% CIs to assess the association between AMD and risk of HF. AMD was associated with a 1.58‐fold increased risk of HF (95% CI, 1.16–1.87) ( P <0.001) after adjustment for potential confounders. This significant association was evident in both nonexudative and exudative AMD subgroups. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that AMD was associated with an increased risk of HF. Further molecular and pathophysiological studies are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind the association of AMD with HF.

The association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC): A nested case-control study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 443-443
Author(s):  
Daniel Keizman ◽  
Keren Rouvinov ◽  
Avivit Neumann ◽  
Yu-Xiao Yang ◽  
Maya Gottfried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

443 Background: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of both RCC and AMD. To date, there are no data on an association between AMD and RCC. In the present nested case control study, we aimed to evaluated the association between age-related macular degeneration and RCC risk. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study within a population-representative database from the United Kingdom. Study cases were defined as individuals with any diagnostic code of RCC. For every case, four eligible controls were matched on age, sex, practice site, time, and duration of follow-up. Exposure of interest was diagnosis of AMD prior to cancer diagnosis. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RCC were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Adjustment was performed for confounders associated with both AMD and RCC such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Furthermore, in a secondary analysis, we evaluated the association between other non-VEGF associated retinopathies and RCC, and between AMD and pancreatic cancer, a malignancy characterized by hypovascularity in contrast to the hypervascularity of RCC. Results: The study population included 1,547 patients with RCC and 6,066 matched controls. Median follow-up time was 6 years (IQR 3-9). AMD diagnosis was associated with a significantly increased RCC risk (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.09-3.29). In contrast, there was no association between other retinopathies and RCC risk (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.56-1.15). AMD was associated with a lower risk for pancreatic cancer (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.35-0.64). Conclusions: Patients with AMD may be at higher risk for RCC. Providers should consider screening for RCC within this population.

scholarly journals Associations of sleep apnoea with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration: an analysis in the United Kingdom Biobank and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xikun Han ◽  
Samantha Sze-Yee Lee ◽  
Nathan Ingold ◽  
Nigel McArdle ◽  
Anthony P. Khawaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Sleep apnoea, a common sleep-disordered breathing condition, is characterised by upper airway collapse during sleep resulting in transient hypoxia, hypoperfusion of the optic nerve, and spike in intracranial pressure. Previous studies have reported conflicting findings on the association of sleep apnoea with glaucoma, and there are limited reports on the link between sleep apnoea and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Middle-aged and older participants from the longitudinal United Kingdom (UK) Biobank (n = 502,505) and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; n = 24,073) were included in this analysis. Participants in the UK Biobank and the CLSA were followed for 8 and 3 years, respectively. Participants with diagnosed glaucoma or AMD at baseline were excluded from the analysis. In the UK Biobank, sleep apnoea and incident cases of glaucoma and AMD were identified through hospital inpatient admission, primary care records, and self-reported data. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore associations of sleep apnoea with incidence of glaucoma or AMD. Results During the 8-year follow-up in the UK Biobank, glaucoma incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 2.46 and 1.59 for participants with and without sleep apnoea, and the AMD incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 2.27 and 1.42 for participants with and without sleep apnoea, respectively. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of glaucoma and AMD risk for sleep apnoea were 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.60, P = 0.003) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.15–1.68, P <  0.001) relative to participants without sleep apnoea. In the CLSA cohort, disease information was collected through in-person interview questionnaires. During the 3-year follow-up, glaucoma incidence rates per 1000 person-years for those with and without sleep apnoea were 9.31 and 6.97, and the AMD incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 8.44 and 6.67, respectively. In the CLSA, similar associations were identified, with glaucoma and AMD odds ratios of 1.43 (95% CI 1.13–1.79) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.08–1.77), respectively, in participants with sleep apnoea compared to those without sleep apnoea (both P <  0.001). Conclusions In two large-scale prospective cohort studies, sleep apnoea is associated with a higher risk of both glaucoma and AMD. These findings indicate that patients with sleep apnoea might benefit from regular ophthalmologic examinations.

scholarly journals Oral bisphosphonate use and age-related macular degeneration: retrospective cohort and nested case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1415 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Cesar Garriga ◽  
Michael Pazianas ◽  
Samuel Hawley ◽  
Antonella Delmestri ◽  
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oral Bisphosphonate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Associations of TLR4 and IL-8 genes polymorphisms with Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Roshanipour ◽  
Elham Shahriyari ◽  
Maryam Ghaffari Laleh ◽  
Leila Vahedi ◽  
Sousan Mirnajd Gerami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Age Related

Abstract BackgroundThe results of different studies have indicated the possible associations of TLR4 and IL-8 genes polymorphisms with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). A meta-analysis study was designed to evaluate the possible associations of TLR4 and IL-8 genes polymorphisms with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). MethodA systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify relevant publications. Pooled Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to evaluate the power of association.ResultsA total of 12 case-control studies with 4804 AMD patients and 4422 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. We found significant associations under the genotypic and allelic models of TLR4/rs4986790 (AA vs. AG+GG: OR=0.73 [0.55-0.97], P=0.03; and AA vs. AG: OR=0.71 [0.53-0.95], P=0.02) and IL-8/rs2227306 (TT vs. CC: OR=1.63 [1.04-2.56], P=0.03; CC vs. TT+TC: OR=0.62 [0.48-0.80], P<0.001; CC vs. TC: OR=0.65 [0.47-0.89], P=0.007; and C vs. T: OR=0.71 [0.64-0.78], P<0.001). However, the data from this meta-analysis declined the associations of TLR4/rs4986791 and IL-8/rs4073 polymorphisms.ConclusionThe current meta-analysis study suggested that IL-8/rs2227306 and TLR4/rs4986790 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to AMD.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic risk factors and age-related macular degeneration in the UK Biobank study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000585
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lai Yee Yip ◽  
Zaynah Muthy ◽  
Tunde Peto ◽  
Andrew Lotery ◽  
Paul J Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThere is contrasting evidence on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment (VI) in developed countries. This study examines the relationship between SES, cardiovascular risk factors and self-reported AMD.Methods and analysisOver 500000 people participated in the UK Biobank study from 2006 to 2019, with sociodemographic data and clinical measurements collected using standardised procedures. Visual acuity was measured in 117907 participants with VI defined as LogMAR ≤0.3. We used logistic regression to examine the cross-sectional associations between SES and self-reported AMD.ResultsSelf-reported AMD was available for 133339 participants aged 50 and older. People reporting AMD had higher academic qualifications, lower income, were unable to work due to disability, have higher BMI, diabetes and vascular heart disease after adjusting for age and sex. In a multivariable analysis, higher income was protective of AMD and economic inactivity due to disability increased the odds of AMD (2.02, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.61). Both associations were independent of cardiovascular factors, but was no longer significant after adjusting for VI.ConclusionsThe association between education, employment and household income with AMD was independent of cardiovascular risk factors.

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