Indications and prognosis for keratoplasty in eyes with severe visual impairment and blindness due to corneal disease in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Vipin Das ◽  
Sayan Basu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Keratitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corneal Opacification ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Unfavourable Prognosis

PurposeTo describe the indications and prognosis for keratoplasty in eyes with severe visual impairment and blindness due to corneal diseases in India.MethodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study included 1 057 215 new patients presenting to a multitier ophthalmology network from 2016 to 2018. All patients with a central corneal pathology and best corrected visual acuity of less than 20/200 in the affected eye(s) were identified as cases and grouped according to laterality. The main outcome measure was the prognosis for keratoplasty, based on the surgical indication.ResultsA total of 28 824 (2.73%) patients were identified with severe visual impairment or blindness due to corneal diseases; of which, 22 582 (78.3%) had unilateral and 6242 (21.7%) had bilateral affliction. Overall, 85% of the corneal pathologies were due to avoidable causes, which accounted for 97% and 63% of the unilateral and bilateral cases, respectively (p<0.0001). The most common aetiologies were microbial keratitis (27.2%) and corneal opacification (25.5%) in unilateral cases; and corneal opacification (38.2%) and ectasias (14.5%) in bilateral cases. Overall, 60.1% of affected eyes carried a fair to poor prognosis for keratoplasty. However, while in unilateral cases only 29.9% of eyes carried good to excellent prognosis for keratoplasty, in bilateral cases, 58% of eyes carried good to excellent prognosis for keratoplasty (p<0.0001).ConclusionsThe indications and prognosis for keratoplasty varied greatly based on whether the affliction was unilateral or bilateral. Most of the eyes affected by corneal visual impairment or blindness, however, carried an unfavourable prognosis for keratoplasty.

scholarly journals Evaluation of and Intervention for Sarcopenia in Hepatology Departments: A Survey of Nurses in Japan

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Kazuki Ohashi ◽  
Madoka Ito ◽  
Megumi Kawakubo ◽  
Ikue Sato
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Japan Society ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outpatient Departments

Sarcopenia is associated with poor prognosis and decreased quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). The present study aimed to clarify the dissemination of interventions such as evaluations, prevention efforts, and treatments for sarcopenia among patients in hepatology outpatient departments and wards in Japan, as well as examine the factors related to such dissemination. A cross-sectional study was performed involving nurses from hospitals accredited by the Japan Society of Hepatology. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding evaluations and interventions for sarcopenia in their department. Nurses from 72 outpatient departments and 162 wards provided responses to the questionnaire. Overall, 37.9% of outpatient departments and 37.6% of wards performed evaluations or interventions for sarcopenia. Outpatient departments and wards that evaluated sarcopenia or intervened held more workshops or training regarding sarcopenia than departments and wards that did not (outpatient departments: 52.0% vs. 12.2%, wards: 32.1% vs. 12.9%). Holding workshops or training regarding sarcopenia (outpatient departments; OR = 7.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.12–26.6, wards; OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.11–6.15) was significantly associated with dissemination practices. These findings suggest that expanding knowledge of sarcopenia and developing practical skills among general nurses may aid in preventing sarcopenia among patients with CLD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia and visual impairment among primary school children of South Gujarat region of India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Bharatkumar Balkrishna Pandya ◽  
Upendrakumar Rameshbhai Chaudhari ◽  
Avirat A. Bhatt ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Anemia ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Nutritional Anemia and visual impairment among school age children are recognized as major public health problem in India. Authors objective was to study prevalence of anemia and visual impairment among school going adolescents of Vadodara and Surat city of Gujarat, India.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried during period from April 2015 to March 2016. Total 8 schools were selected from Vadodara and Surat city by purposive sampling. After taking the permission of principals of schools and informed written consent of the parents of children, 859 children from these schools were examined for anaemia and visual impairment. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analysed using SPSS version 17 (Trial version).Results: Out of total 859 children 421(49.1%) were female. Mean age of the study children was 8.95±1.52 years. The prevalence of anemia in children in present study was 61.6 % (529 children). The prevalence of anemia in female (274, 65.1%) was higher than males (255, 58.2%). Moderate visual impairment and blindness was 5.9% in girls and 8.2% in boys respectively. Severe visual impairment and blindness was 2.1% in girls and 2.7% in boys respectively and the gender difference was not statistically significant. Though 61(7.1%) children had moderate to severe visual impairment to blindness only 21 (2.4%) children were wearing spectacles.Conclusions: High prevalence of anaemia and visual impairment among these children needs great attention and health education.

scholarly journals Visual impairment and blindness in the Xingu Indigenous Park – Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Gustavo Fernandes ◽  
Monica Alves ◽  
Roberta Andrade e Nascimento ◽  
Natalia Yumi Valdrighi ◽  
Rafael Cunha de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Large Population Sample

Abstract Background Most estimates of visual impairment and blindness worldwide do not include data from specific minority groups as indigenous populations. We aimed to evaluate frequencies and causes of visual impairment and blindness in a large population sample from the Xingu Indigenous Park. Methods Cross-sectional study performed at Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil, from 2016 to 2017. Residents from 16 selected villages were invited to participate and underwent a detailed ocular examination, including uncorrected (UVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The main cause of UVA < 20/32 per eye was determined. Results A total of 2,099 individuals were evaluated. Overall, the frequency of visual impairment and blindness was 10.00% (95% CI: 8.72–11.29%) when considering UVA, decreasing to 7.15% (95% CI: 6.04–8.25%) when considering BCVA. For each increasing year on age, the risk  of being in the visually impaired or blind category increased by 9% (p < 0.001). Cataracts (39.1%) and uncorrected refractive errors (29.1%) were the most frequent causes of visual impairment and blindness in this population. The main causes among those aged 45 years and more were cataracts (54.5%) while refractive errors were the main cause in adults aged 18 to 45 years (50.0%) and children up to 18 years old (37.1%). Conclusions A higher frequency of visual impairment and blindness was observed in the indigenous population when compared to worldwide estimates with most of the causes being preventable and/or treatable. Blindness prevention programs should focus on accessibility to eye exam, cataract surgeries and eyeglass distribution.

The Association Between Hands-On Instruction and Proper Child Safety Seat Installation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 106 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 924-929
Author(s):  
Wendy G. Lane ◽  
Gilbert C. Liu ◽  
Elizabeth Newlin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Safety Seat

Objective. To determine if hands-on instruction in child safety seat (CSS) installation decreases the number of errors in installation. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Primary care offices, emergency department, CSS checkpoint. Participants. Parents of children &lt;2 years old receiving medical care or attending a CSS check. Main Outcome Measure. Errors in CSS use. Results. Only 6.4% of parents had a correctly installed CSS. Hands-on instruction was associated with fewer errors in seat installation. Increased parent age, completion of college, and having private insurance were also associated with fewer errors in CSS placement. The majority of parents learned to install seats from reading the manual, from friends and relatives, and from figuring it out on their own. Conclusions. Errors in CSS installation are a significant problem. Hands-on instruction decreases the numbers of errors in CSS installation. However, few parents receive hands-on instruction from experts in CSS installation. Increases in correct CSS use could result from hands-on education by trained professionals.

scholarly journals Temperature Increases in the Human Achilles Tendon During Ultrasound Treatments With Commercial Ultrasound Gel and Full-Thickness and Half-Thickness Gel Pads

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Draper ◽  
Clinton G. Edvalson ◽  
Kenneth L. Knight ◽  
Dennis Eggett ◽  
Joseph Shurtz
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Half Thickness

Abstract Context: Although originally manufactured for use in diagnostic imaging of internal structures, 2-cm-thick gel pads are also used as conducting media for therapeutic ultrasound over areas with bony prominences. Research on the ability of these pads to conduct enough energy to adequately heat tissues has provided mixed results. However, this research has mainly been performed on the triceps surae muscle, an area over which gel pads are not typically used. We wondered how much heating might be produced if a thinner pad was used over a tendon. Objective: To compare temperature rises in the human Achilles tendon during ultrasound treatments using ultrasound gel, a 2-cm-thick pad, and a 1-cm-thick pad. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University therapeutic modality laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-eight healthy volunteers (24 women, 24 men). Intervention(s): We inserted a rigid thermocouple 1 cm deep into the Achilles tendon. Ultrasound was delivered at the following settings: 3 MHz, continuous, 1 W/cm2, 10 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Temperature was recorded every 30 seconds for 10 minutes. Results: Temperature increased the most in the ultrasound gel group (increase  =  13.3°C, peak  =  42°C). The 1-cm-thick pad resulted in higher tendon temperature (increase  =  9.3°C, peak  =  37.8°C) than the 2-cm-thick pad (increase  =  6.5°C, peak  =  4.8°C). The 1-cm pad produced approximately 30% more heating than the 2-cm pad (SE  =  0.72, P &lt; .03). Conclusions: The thinner pad transmitted ultrasound more efficiently than the thicker pad. Thus, a gel pad of less than 1-cm thickness might be useful for superficial areas, such as the hands and ankles.

scholarly journals Oculo-Visual Findings among Industrial Mine Workers at Goldfields Ghana Limited, Tarkwa

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. OED.S9204 ◽  
Author(s):  
GO Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
S Ocansey ◽  
EK Abu ◽  
S Kyei ◽  
SB Boadi-Kusi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mine Workers

Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the visual status of mine workers who were directly involved in mining and/or are exposed to the mining environment. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and six (406) workers were conveniently sampled for the study. Information on their socio-demographic data was also collected. In addition, all participants underwent ophthalmic examination. Results The mean age of the workers was 41.1 years. Visual impairment was found in 114 (28.1%) of the study population of which refractive error (56.8%) was the major cause. Presbyopia was also observed in 45.5% of the workers with only 30.3% of them wearing near correction. The prevalence of eye diseases were pterygium/pingueculae (25.8%), conjunctivitis (26.8%), suspected glaucoma (15.3%), and cataract (7.4%). Conclusions Visual impairment and eye diseases were found among the miners.

scholarly journals Who is at risk of occupational Q fever: new insights from a multi-profession cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e030088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Groten ◽  
Karola Kuenzer ◽  
Udo Moog ◽  
Beate Hermann ◽  
Katrin Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Regular Contact

ObjectivesQ fever is a zoonosis caused by the bacteriumCoxiella burnetii. It is recognised as an occupational hazard for individuals who are in regular contact with animal birth products. Data from the literature are not comparable because different serological assays perform very differently in detecting past infections. It is therefore essential to choose the right assay for obtaining reliable data of seroprevalence. Obstetricians are another profession potentially at risk of Q fever. They can be infected from birth products of women with Q fever during pregnancy. There is little data, however, for Q fever in this occupational group. Our study therefore had two purposes. The first was to obtain reliable seroprevalence data for occupational groups in regular contact with animal birth products by using an assay with proven excellent sensitivity and specificity for detecting past infections. The second purpose was to obtain primary data for obstetricians.DesignWe carried out a cross-sectional study.SettingThe study included shepherds, cattle farmers, veterinarians and obstetricians from Thuringia.Participants77 shepherds, 74 veterinarians, 14 cattle farmers, 17 office employees and 68 obstetricians participated. The control group consisted of 92 blood donors.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome measure wasC. burnetiiphase II specific IgG. The assay used was evaluated for this purpose in a previous study.ResultsOf the 250 blood samples we analysed, the very highest seroprevalences (64%–77%) occurred in individuals with frequent animal contact. There were no significant differences between shepherds, cattle farmers and veterinarians. The seroprevalence in people working in administration was lower but still significantly greater than the control. No obstetricians or midwives tested positive.ConclusionsShepherds, cattle farmers and veterinarians have a high risk ofC. burnetiiinfection. However, our study clearly proves that there was no increased risk for people working in an obstetric department.

scholarly journals Closer to the Truth on National Fistula Prevalence After Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Repair? The Cleft Care UK Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Arthur S. Yang ◽  
Bruce M. Richard ◽  
Andrew K. Wills ◽  
Osama Mahmoud ◽  
Jonathan R. Sandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Palatal Fistula ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Palate Repair

Objectives: To (1) determine the prevalence of nonperialveolar palatal fistula up to age 5 following repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in the United Kingdom, (2) examine the association of palatoplasty techniques with fistula occurrence, and (3) describe the frequency of fistula repairs and their success. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: All 11 centralized regional cleft centers in the United Kingdom. Participants: Two hundred sixty-eight children born between 2005 and 2007 recruited by Cleft Care UK, a nationwide cross-sectional study of all 5-year-old children born with nonsyndromic UCLP. Main Outcome Measure: Nonperialveolar palatal fistula prevalence up to age 5. Results: Fistulas were found in 72 children (31.3%, 95% confidence interval: 25.4%-37.7%) and had no significant association with palate repair sequences. Twenty-four fistulas were repaired by age 5, 12 of which had data showing 10 (83.3%) successful repairs. Conclusion: The prevalence of nonperialveolar fistulas following primary palatoplasty of UCLP in the United Kingdom was higher than previously reported. This information should be part of the preoperative discussion with families. Prospective collection of the presence of fistulas will be necessary before we can associate the occurrence of fistulas with a surgeon, institution, surgical technique, or protocol of care.

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