scholarly journals Oculo-Visual Findings among Industrial Mine Workers at Goldfields Ghana Limited, Tarkwa

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. OED.S9204 ◽  
Author(s):  
GO Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
S Ocansey ◽  
EK Abu ◽  
S Kyei ◽  
SB Boadi-Kusi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mine Workers

Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the visual status of mine workers who were directly involved in mining and/or are exposed to the mining environment. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and six (406) workers were conveniently sampled for the study. Information on their socio-demographic data was also collected. In addition, all participants underwent ophthalmic examination. Results The mean age of the workers was 41.1 years. Visual impairment was found in 114 (28.1%) of the study population of which refractive error (56.8%) was the major cause. Presbyopia was also observed in 45.5% of the workers with only 30.3% of them wearing near correction. The prevalence of eye diseases were pterygium/pingueculae (25.8%), conjunctivitis (26.8%), suspected glaucoma (15.3%), and cataract (7.4%). Conclusions Visual impairment and eye diseases were found among the miners.

scholarly journals Determinants of anemia among pregnant women: A hospital based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3609
Author(s):  
P. Kalpana ◽  
A. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽  
Menstrual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: The objective was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. There is a negative effect on the health of the mother and as well as that of the child due to anemia in women with pregnancy. Death rate is more in women who are pregnant and having anemia. The objective of this study was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 40 pregnant women over a period of six months. Demographic data like age, residence, occupation etc was recorded. Obstetric data like gravida, parity, previous LSCS was also recorded. The data was presented as means and student’s t test was applied.Results: The mean age was 23.43±3.4 years. Majority were young between the ages of 19-22 years. Majority belonged to urban residents i.e. 57.5%. 20% of the subjects were found to be illiterate. Majority of the mothers were housewives i.e. 82.5%. Majority were multi-gravida i.e. 60%. Majority had no history of abortions in the past i.e. 75%. Out of total 19 repeat pregnancies, majority i.e. 84.2% had lower segment cesarean section. Majority reported that they had normal menstrual history. The mean hemoglobin level was found out to be 7.94 gm/dl. It was found that the mean hemoglobin level did not differ significantly across age, residence, education, occupation, gravidity, history of abortions, type of delivery but differed significantly by abnormal menstrual cycle.Conclusions: Mean hemoglobin level was more in women with normal menstrual history compared to those women with abnormal menstrual history and this difference was found out to be statistically significant. Hence abnormal menses should be promptly treated, hemoglobin assessed.

scholarly journals Contraceptive User’s Profile

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka R Gunardi
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost

Objective: To obtain informations regarding the profile of contraceptive users in Raden Saleh Clinic, Jakarta. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2012, at Raden Saleh Clinic, Jakarta. The study population was the patient who came to Raden Saleh Clinic from 2008 until 2011. Results: The mean age of the contraception users was 34.06 and the mean of their husband’s age was 38.91 years old. Most of the patients were graduated from senior high school (43.2%) and university (37.9%). More than half of the patients (55.2%) were not working and more than a half of their husband (53.2%) were private employee. Almost all (92.6%) of the patient were married. Most of the patient (38.8%) came with no prior contraception. After consultation, all patients had chosen their preferred contraceptive methods, namely IUD (61.4%), injectable contraception (20.9%), pill (13.7%), sterilization (3.4%), and implant (0.6%). Conclusion: Family planning reduces maternal mortality and the best method is different for each patient because of the difference in their own condition and the consideration of the cost and benefit. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 1-4:179-82] Keywords: contraception, contraceptive users profile

scholarly journals Demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from penile cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarlly Soares da Silva ◽  
Ana Carla Martins da Silva ◽  
Suelayne Gonçalves do Nascimento ◽  
Conceição Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Cristine Vieira do Bonfim
Keyword(s):  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVE: Describing the demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from cancer of the penis.METHODS: A cross-sectional study consisting of 183 deaths registered in a public information system on mortality that had penile cancer as the primary cause of mortality. It was used descriptive statistics and the mortality rate was calculated.RESULTS: The mean coefficient of mortality was 0.45/100,000 that is an increase of 19.04%. The demographic data revealed a higher prevalence in men aged 60 years or older (50.8%), brown (54.1%), married (47.6%), retired (24%) and residents of the metropolitan region (44.8%).CONCLUSION: The demographic and epidemiological aspects revealed increase of mortality rates from cancer in the penis.

scholarly journals Carotid intima-media thickness and apolipoproteins in patients of ischemic stroke in a rural hospital sett ing in central India: A cross-sectional study

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Jain ◽  
Tejal Lathia ◽  
O.m. Prakash Gupta ◽  
Vishakha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Central India ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Context: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and apolipoproteins have been found as a risk factor for ischemic stroke . Objective: The objective was to study the carotid intima-media thickness, apolipoproteins, and their relation in patients of ischemic stroke in central rural India. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was performed in a rural hospital in central India. Materials and Methods: In all patients of ischemic stroke proven by computerized tomography (CT), CIMT, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), and apolipoprotein B(ApoB) were measured. Statistical Analysis Used: We used Student′s t-test to compare means, a chi-square test to compare proportions, and a Mann-Whitney test to compare medians. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of our study population (N = 106) was 61 years. The mean CIMT was 0.83 mm ranging from a minimum of 0.45 mm to a maximum of 1.096 mm. Mean CIMT was significantly higher than expected 0.67 values, which was calculated according to the age of the study population. The association of decreased ApoA-I < 100 mg/dl and increased ApoB > 90 mg/dl with CIMT > 0.7 mm was statistically significant with P<0.001. Conclusions: The CIMT in computerized tomography-proven ischemic stroke was significantly higher than expected for the age of the study population. The relation of decreased ApoA-I and increased ApoB with CIMT > 0.7 mm was also statistically significant.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG AMONG DRIVERS IN NORTH CHENNAI– A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Aravind Raj G V ◽  
Umashankar R
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background. Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in a population of drivers in Chennai, India. Methods. The study population included drivers working in Chennai city. Blood pressure, height, and weight of subjects were measured, and relevance was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Results. Age varied from 30 to 60 years with the mean age of 43 years. Among 400 drivers studied, 33% of them were hypertensive and based on diastolic and systolic blood pressure, 15% of them were in pre-hypertensive and 28% of the were in stage -1 HTN and 31% of them were in stage-2 HTN. Obesity, Smoking, alcohol and history diabetes play a major risk factor the development of hypertension Conclusion. Prevalence of hypertension was high among drivers. Life style may play a key role in the development of hypertension along with duration of work and behavioral pattern.Prevention strategies need to be emphasized in this kind of occupational group.

scholarly journals Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Bhuj district: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Vinayak Chauhan ◽  
Kashyap Buch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: In order to control any disease basic knowledge about the prevalence and risk factors of the particular disease is required.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2600 individuals aged between 25 and 70 years old were recruited. Participants were selected from the general population residing in Bhuj, Gujarat, India via simple random sampling. Demographic data were collected. Urine and blood test were performed, and the glomerular filtration rate was estimated.Results: One hundred and thirty participants (10%) had CKD. The mean age was significantly higher in the CKD group. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent among the participants with CKD than those without CKD (P < 0.001 for both). Proteinuria was significantly associated with CKD, whereas a history of urinary tract infection, a history of nephrolithiasis, smoking, serum uric acid level, lipid profile, and blood glucose level were not.Conclusions: Overall, it seems that CKD is a common health problem in Gujarat, but further studies in other parts of this country is recommended for the better estimation of CKD prevalence. This study shows the importance of screening for CKD.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure in Intubated Patients in Emergency Department, Operating Rooms, and Icus of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in 2018; A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Orandi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mireskandari ◽  
Shahram Samadi ◽  
Negar Eftekhar ◽  
Mostafa Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Establishing and maintaining a secure airway using a cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) is an important step in management of intubated patients. Out-of-range ETT cuff pressure is associated with various complications which could lengthen the hospital stay. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate ETT cuff pressure in intubated patients in the emergency department (ED), operating rooms (ORs), and Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran, Iran. Methods: The ETT cuff pressure of 153 patients was measured using a standard manometer. Demographic data and duration of intubation were recorded. The data were analysed using the SPSS software version 16. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The ETT cuff pressure exceeded the recommended range in 125 out of 153 patients (81.7%). The mean cuff pressure (67.29 cmH2O) was significantly higher than the recommended range (p<0.001). The cuff pressure was higher in patients in the ORs compared to patients in the ED and ICU (OR=8.46, p<0.001). Conclusion: Intubation in the OR can be considered a risk factor for higher-than-normal ETT cuff pressure and subsequent complications. The ETT cuff pressure monitoring by means of a manometer is recommended.

scholarly journals Cephalic Index in Indigenous Tharu Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (213) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanzida Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Head ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Head Type

  Introduction: Cephalic index is an important parameter for differentiation of race and sex which varies significantly on the basis of hereditary, geographical, racial, sexual and other factors. It is a morphometric expression of different forms of head. The objective of this research was to evaluate the cephalic index of people of indigenous Tharu community of Biratnagar, Nepal and to determine different head types. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which maximum head length and breadth of 100 adult Tharu people living in Biratnagar were measured using spreading caliper and scale. The cephalic index was obtained from these values using Hrdlicka’s method. Results: The mean cephalic index of the study population was 75.99±4.97. The mean cephalic indices of males and females were 76.22±5.14 and 75.78±4.85 respectively. The most common head type observed was dolichocephalic type 47 (47%). It was followed by mesocephalic type 37 (37%), brachycephalic type 13 (13%) was less common and least common was hyperbrachycephalic type 3 (3%). Conclusions: Long head (dolichocephalic) type is more common in Tharu population in both the genders, whereas, broad head (brachycephalic and hyperbrachycephalic) type is present in very few people.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on health status and prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among auto rickshaw drivers of Hyderabad, Telangana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Asma . ◽  
Vimala Thomas ◽  
C. Jyothsna ◽  
Sri Manju ◽  
C. Sowmya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Background: Auto rickshaws form 10-20% of daily motorized urban transport and ensure connectivity and easy access throughout congested Indian cities. Harmful lifestyles practiced by auto rickshaw drivers like irregularity of meals, bad posture while driving, sedentary lifestyle predisposes them to many gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular diseases. This study was taken to assess the risk factors of non-communicable diseases among of auto rickshaw drivers. Objectives of the study were to estimate the proportion of various non-communicable diseases among study population and to assess various risk factors for non- communicable diseases among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 100 auto rickshaw drivers, aged above 20 years commuting at bus terminus and railway station in Hyderabad, Telangana using a predesigned questionnaire from May to July 2018.Results: The mean age of the study population was found to be 41.58±10.9 years. Around 14% of study subjects had history of diabetes mellitus and 15% hypertension. About 69% were overweight or obese, 41% had refractive errors and majority had musculoskeletal problems. The mean duration of physical activity was found to be 35±7 minutes/day.Conclusions: The prevalence of cardio vascular disease risk factors i.e. tobacco smoking, sedentary lifestyle, obesity was found to be quite high among auto rickshaw drivers. Early precautionary measures, regular medical check-up and prompt interventions are necessary for managing risk factors.

scholarly journals Factors influencing age at menarche – a school based cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-446
Author(s):  
Narayan Namboothri G ◽  
Varghese Iybu Chacko ◽  
Anusha Rashmi ◽  
Shreyaswi Sathyanath ◽  
Manjula Anil
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
School Based ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Hormones, life style, animal proteins etc are factors that influence menarche. Like-wise a declining trend in age at menarche has been noticed over the past few years. This study was taken up with the objectives to study factors that are associated with menarche in our study population. Hence a school-based cross-sectional study was undertaken for the same which showed the mean age of menstruation was 12.5 years. It was significantly influenced by milk intake (p <.05). Mothers’ age at menarche was also found to be significantly associated with their daughters’ age at menarche. Conclusion: This study provides an insight into determining factors affecting age of menarche, focusing on dietary and maternal factors. Milk consumption was found to be an important factor.

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