Dual-input convolutional neural network for glaucoma diagnosis using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316274
Author(s):  
Sukkyu Sun ◽  
Ahnul Ha ◽  
Young Kook Kim ◽  
Byeong Wook Yoo ◽  
Hee Chan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sd Oct

Background/AimsTo evaluate, with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), the glaucoma-diagnostic ability of a deep-learning classifier.MethodsA total of 777 Cirrus high-definition SD-OCT image sets of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) of 315 normal subjects, 219 patients with early-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 243 patients with moderate-to-severe-stage POAG were aggregated. The image sets were divided into a training data set (252 normal, 174 early POAG and 195 moderate-to-severe POAG) and a test data set (63 normal, 45 early POAG and 48 moderate-to-severe POAG). The visual geometry group (VGG16)-based dual-input convolutional neural network (DICNN) was adopted for the glaucoma diagnoses. Unlike other networks, the DICNN structure takes two images (both RNFL and GCIPL) as inputs. The glaucoma-diagnostic ability was computed according to both accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsFor the test data set, DICNN could distinguish between patients with glaucoma and normal subjects accurately (accuracy=92.793%, AUC=0.957 (95% CI 0.943 to 0.966), sensitivity=0.896 (95% CI 0.896 to 0.917), specificity=0.952 (95% CI 0.921 to 0.952)). For distinguishing between patients with early-stage glaucoma and normal subjects, DICNN’s diagnostic ability (accuracy=85.185%, AUC=0.869 (95% CI 0.825 to 0.879), sensitivity=0.921 (95% CI 0.813 to 0.905), specificity=0.756 (95% CI 0.610 to 0.790)]) was higher than convolutional neural network algorithms that trained with RNFL or GCIPL separately.ConclusionThe deep-learning algorithm using SD-OCT can distinguish normal subjects not only from established patients with glaucoma but also from patients with early-stage glaucoma. The deep-learning model with DICNN, as trained by both RNFL and GCIPL thickness map data, showed a high diagnostic ability for discriminatingpatients with early-stage glaucoma from normal subjects.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Model for Quick and Accurate Rock Recognition with Smartphones

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Guangpeng Fan ◽  
Feixiang Chen ◽  
Danyu Chen ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yanqi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Recognition Model ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
Rock Lithology

In the geological survey, the recognition and classification of rock lithology are an important content. The recognition method based on rock thin section leads to long recognition period and high recognition cost, and the recognition accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Moreover, the above method cannot provide an effective solution in the field. As a communication device with multiple sensors, smartphones are carried by most geological survey workers. In this paper, a smartphone application based on the convolutional neural network is developed. In this application, the phone’s camera can be used to take photos of rocks. And the types and lithology of rocks can be quickly and accurately identified in a very short time. This paper proposed a method for quickly and accurately recognizing rock lithology in the field. Based on ShuffleNet, a lightweight convolutional neural network used in deep learning, combined with the transfer learning method, the recognition model of the rock image was established. The trained model was then deployed to the smartphone. A smartphone application for identifying rock lithology was designed and developed to verify its usability and accuracy. The research results showed that the accuracy of the recognition model in this paper was 97.65% on the verification data set of the PC. The accuracy of recognition on the test data set of the smartphone was 95.30%, among which the average recognition time of the single sheet was 786 milliseconds, the maximum value was 1,045 milliseconds, and the minimum value was 452 milliseconds. And the single-image accuracy above 96% accounted for 95% of the test data set. This paper presented a new solution for the rapid and accurate recognition of rock lithology in field geological surveys, which met the needs of geological survey personnel to quickly and accurately identify rock lithology in field operations.

scholarly journals An Effective Convolutional Neural Network Model for the Early Detection of COVID-19 Using Chest X-ray Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10301
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Farooq ◽  
Attique Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Raza ◽  
Jehad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Real World ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Chest X Ray

COVID-19 has been difficult to diagnose and treat at an early stage all over the world. The numbers of patients showing symptoms for COVID-19 have caused medical facilities at hospitals to become unavailable or overcrowded, which is a major challenge. Studies have recently allowed us to determine that COVID-19 can be diagnosed with the aid of chest X-ray images. To combat the COVID-19 outbreak, developing a deep learning (DL) based model for automated COVID-19 diagnosis on chest X-ray is beneficial. In this research, we have proposed a customized convolutional neural network (CNN) model to detect COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. The model is based on nine layers which uses a binary classification method to differentiate between COVID-19 and normal chest X-rays. It provides COVID-19 detection early so the patients can be admitted in a timely fashion. The proposed model was trained and tested on two publicly available datasets. Cross-dataset studies are used to assess the robustness in a real-world context. Six hundred X-ray images were used for training and two hundred X-rays were used for validation of the model. The X-ray images of the dataset were preprocessed to improve the results and visualized for better analysis. The developed algorithm reached 98% precision, recall and f1-score. The cross-dataset studies also demonstrate the resilience of deep learning algorithms in a real-world context with 98.5 percent accuracy. Furthermore, a comparison table was created which shows that our proposed model outperforms other relative models in terms of accuracy. The quick and high-performance of our proposed DL-based customized model identifies COVID-19 patients quickly, which is helpful in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak.

scholarly journals A convolutional neural network for predicting transcriptional regulators of genes in Arabidopsis transcriptome data reveals classification based on positive regulatory interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Data Set

AbstractGene Regulatory networks that control gene expression are widely studied yet the interactions that make them up are difficult to predict from high throughput data. Deep Learning methods such as convolutional neural networks can perform surprisingly good classifications on a variety of data types and the matrix-like gene expression profiles would seem to be ideal input data for deep learning approaches. In this short study I compiled training sets of expression data using the Arabidopsis AtGenExpress global stress expression data set and known transcription factor-target interactions from the Arabidopsis PLACE database. I built and optimised convolutional neural networks with a best model providing 95 % accuracy of classification on a held-out validation set. Investigation of the activations within this model revealed that classification was based on positive correlation of expression profiles in short sections. This result shows that a convolutional neural network can be used to make classifications and reveal the basis of those calssifications for gene expression data sets, indicating that a convolutional neural network is a useful and interpretable tool for exploratory classification of biological data. The final model is available for download and as a web application.

Unsupervised Representation High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification via Contrastive Learning Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 577-591
Author(s):  
Fengpeng Li ◽  
Jiabao Li ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Ruyi Feng ◽  
Lizhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Remote Sensing Image ◽  
Scene Classification ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unsupervised Deep Learning

Inspired by the outstanding achievement of deep learning, supervised deep learning representation methods for high-spatial-resolution remote sensing image scene classification obtained state-of-the-art performance. However, supervised deep learning representation methods need a considerable amount of labeled data to capture class-specific features, limiting the application of deep learning-based methods while there are a few labeled training samples. An unsupervised deep learning representation, high-resolution remote sensing image scene classification method is proposed in this work to address this issue. The proposed method, called contrastive learning, narrows the distance between positive views: color channels belonging to the same images widens the gaps between negative view pairs consisting of color channels from different images to obtain class-specific data representations of the input data without any supervised information. The classifier uses extracted features by the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based feature extractor with labeled information of training data to set space of each category and then, using linear regression, makes predictions in the testing procedure. Comparing with existing unsupervised deep learning representation high-resolution remote sensing image scene classification methods, contrastive learning CNN achieves state-of-the-art performance on three different scale benchmark data sets: small scale RSSCN7 data set, midscale aerial image data set, and large-scale NWPU-RESISC45 data set.

Deep learning model to predict visual field in central 10° from optical coherence tomography measurement in glaucoma

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315600
Author(s):  
Yohei Hashimoto ◽  
Ryo Asaoka ◽  
Taichi Kiwaki ◽  
Hiroki Sugiura ◽  
Shotaro Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Prediction Performance ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sd Oct

Background/AimTo train and validate the prediction performance of the deep learning (DL) model to predict visual field (VF) in central 10° from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).MethodsThis multicentre, cross-sectional study included paired Humphrey field analyser (HFA) 10-2 VF and SD-OCT measurements from 591 eyes of 347 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or normal subjects for the training data set. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) for predicting VF threshold (TH) sensitivity values from the thickness of the three macular layers: retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer+inner plexiform layer and outer segment+retinal pigment epithelium. We implemented pattern-based regularisation on top of CNN to avoid overfitting. Using an external testing data set of 160 eyes of 131 patients with OAG, the prediction performance (absolute error (AE) and R2 between predicted and actual TH values) was calculated for (1) mean TH in whole VF and (2) each TH of 68 points. For comparison, we trained support vector machine (SVM) and multiple linear regression (MLR).ResultsAE of whole VF with CNN was 2.84±2.98 (mean±SD) dB, significantly smaller than those with SVM (5.65±5.12 dB) and MLR (6.96±5.38 dB) (all, p<0.001). Mean of point-wise mean AE with CNN was 5.47±3.05 dB, significantly smaller than those with SVM (7.96±4.63 dB) and MLR (11.71±4.15 dB) (all, p<0.001). R2 with CNN was 0.74 for the mean TH of whole VF, and 0.44±0.24 for the overall 68 points.ConclusionDL model showed considerably accurate prediction of HFA 10-2 VF from SD-OCT.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Method for Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Using Convolutional Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
Tulasi Krishna Sajja ◽  
Hemantha Kumar Kalluri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Heart disease is a very deadly disease. Worldwide, the majority of people are suffering from this problem. Many Machine Learning (ML) approaches are not sufficient to forecast the disease caused by the virus. Therefore, there is a need for one system that predicts disease efficiently. The Deep Learning approach predicts the disease caused by the blocked heart. This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict the disease at an early stage. This paper focuses on a comparison between the traditional approaches such as Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Networks (NN), and the proposed prediction model of CNN. The UCI machine learning repository dataset for experimentation and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) predictions with 94% accuracy.

scholarly journals Identification of Cherry Leaf Disease Infected by Podosphaera Pannosa via Convolutional Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keke Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Qiufeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Leaf Disease

The cherry leaves infected by Podosphaera pannosa will suffer powdery mildew, which is a serious disease threatening the cherry production industry. In order to identify the diseased cherry leaves in early stage, the authors formulate the cherry leaf disease infected identification as a classification problem and propose a fully automatic identification method based on convolutional neural network (CNN). The GoogLeNet is used as backbone of the CNN. Then, transferred learning techniques are applied to fine-tune the CNN from pre-trained GoogLeNet on ImageNet dataset. This article compares the proposed method against three traditional machine learning methods i.e., support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and back propagation (BP) neural network. Quantitative evaluations conducted on a data set of 1,200 images collected by smart phones, demonstrates that the CNN achieves best precise performance in identifying diseased cherry leaves, with the testing accuracy of 99.6%. Thus, a CNN can be used effectively in identifying the diseased cherry leaves.

One-dimensional deep learning inversion of electromagnetic induction data using convolutional neural network

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Moghadas
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Data Set

SUMMARY Conventional geophysical inversion techniques suffer from several limitations including computational cost, nonlinearity, non-uniqueness and dimensionality of the inverse problem. Successful inversion of geophysical data has been a major challenge for decades. Here, a novel approach based on deep learning (DL) inversion via convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to instantaneously estimate subsurface electrical conductivity (σ) layering from electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. In this respect, a fully convolutional network was trained on a large synthetic data set generated based on 1-D EMI forward model. The accuracy of the proposed approach was examined using several synthetic scenarios. Moreover, the trained network was used to find subsurface electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCIs) from EMI data measured along two transects from Chicken Creek catchment (Brandenburg, Germany). Dipole–dipole electrical resistivity tomography data were measured as well to obtain reference subsurface σ distributions down to a 6 m depth. The inversely estimated models were juxtaposed and compared with their counterparts obtained from a spatially constrained deterministic algorithm as a standard code. Theoretical simulations demonstrated a well performance of the algorithm even in the presence of noise in data. Moreover, application of the DL inversion for subsurface imaging from Chicken Creek catchment manifested the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach for EMI inversion. This approach returns subsurface σ distribution directly from EMI data in a single step without any iterations. The proposed strategy simplifies considerably EMI inversion and allows for rapid and accurate estimation of subsurface EMCI from multiconfiguration EMI data.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based real-time detection of neurons in brain slices for in vitro physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mighten C. Yip ◽  
Mercedes M. Gonzalez ◽  
Christopher R. Valenta ◽  
Matthew J. M. Rowan ◽  
Craig R. Forest
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Patch Clamp ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Interference Microscopy ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Patch Clamping ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Full Automation

AbstractA common electrophysiology technique used in neuroscience is patch clamp: a method in which a glass pipette electrode facilitates single cell electrical recordings from neurons. Typically, patch clamp is done manually in which an electrophysiologist views a brain slice under a microscope, visually selects a neuron to patch, and moves the pipette into close proximity to the cell to break through and seal its membrane. While recent advances in the field of patch clamping have enabled partial automation, the task of detecting a healthy neuronal soma in acute brain tissue slices is still a critical step that is commonly done manually, often presenting challenges for novices in electrophysiology. To overcome this obstacle and progress towards full automation of patch clamp, we combined the differential interference microscopy optical technique with an object detection-based convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect healthy neurons in acute slice. Utilizing the YOLOv3 convolutional neural network architecture, we achieved a 98% reduction in training times to 18 min, compared to previously published attempts. We also compared networks trained on unaltered and enhanced images, achieving up to 77% and 72% mean average precision, respectively. This novel, deep learning-based method accomplishes automated neuronal detection in brain slice at 18 frames per second with a small data set of 1138 annotated neurons, rapid training time, and high precision. Lastly, we verified the health of the identified neurons with a patch clamp experiment where the average access resistance was 29.25 M$$\Omega$$ Ω (n = 9). The addition of this technology during live-cell imaging for patch clamp experiments can not only improve manual patch clamping by reducing the neuroscience expertise required to select healthy cells, but also help achieve full automation of patch clamping by nominating cells without human assistance.

scholarly journals Mango Grading System Based on Optimized Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bin Zheng ◽  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Sample Data

In order to achieve the accuracy of mango grading, a mango grading system was designed by using the deep learning method. The system mainly includes CCD camera image acquisition, image preprocessing, model training, and model evaluation. Aiming at the traditional deep learning, neural network training needs a large number of sample data sets; a convolutional neural network is proposed to realize the efficient grading of mangoes through the continuous adjustment and optimization of super-parameters and batch size. The ultra-lightweight SqueezeNet related algorithm is introduced. Compared with AlexNet and other related algorithms with the same accuracy level, it has the advantages of small model scale and fast operation speed. The experimental results show that the convolutional neural network model after super-parameters optimization and adjustment has excellent effect on deep learning image processing of small sample data set. Two hundred thirty-four Jinhuang mangoes of Panzhihua were picked in the natural environment and tested. The analysis results can meet the requirements of the agricultural industry standard of the People’s Republic of China—mango and mango grade specification. At the same time, the average accuracy rate was 97.37%, the average error rate was 2.63%, and the average loss value of the model was 0.44. The processing time of an original image with a resolution of 500 × 374 was only 2.57 milliseconds. This method has important theoretical and application value and can provide a powerful means for mango automatic grading.

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