Behaviour adoption approaches during public health emergencies: implications for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Human behaviour will continue to play an important role as the world grapples with public health threats. In this paper, we draw from the emerging evidence on behaviour adoption during diverse public health emergencies to develop a framework that contextualises behaviour adoption vis-à-vis a combination of top-down, intermediary and bottom-up approaches. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, we operationalise the contextual framework to demonstrate how these three approaches differ in terms of their implementation, underlying drivers of action, enforcement, reach and uptake. We illustrate how blended strategies that include all three approaches can help accelerate and sustain protective behaviours that will remain important even when safe and effective vaccines become more widely available. As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic and prepares to respond to (re)emerging public health threats, our contextual framework can inform the design, implementation, tracking and evaluation of comprehensive public health and social measures during health emergencies.

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Public health messages about COVID-19 prevention in multilingual Taiwan

Multilingua ◽

10.1515/multi-2020-0092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 597-606

Author(s):

Chun-Mei Chen

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Health Messages ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Social Challenges ◽

Substantive Content ◽

Public Health Messages ◽

Public Health Information

AbstractIn this paper, I explore multilingual preventative public health messages against the spread of COVID-19 in Taiwan between January and April 2020. Based on empirical data, the symbolic and substantive content of multilingual top-down and bottom-up public health strategies was analyzed and discussed. Findings suggest that the voices of indigenous people have largely been excluded from top-down efforts and strategies in public health communications. Top-down communication did not address the actual concerns of indigenous populations who relied on tourism to bolster their economy. Bottom-up efforts emerged from social exclusion and the inaccessibility of public health information to indigenous populations; such efforts were over-communicated, and the problems of indigenous populations remained unaddressed. I conclude by relating multilingualism and the needs of minority groups, and suggest an inclusive approach to social challenges and solutions for future pandemic preparedness.

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Translation policy

Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts ◽

10.1075/ttmc.00077.jaz ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 339-369

Author(s):

Alireza Jazini

Keyword(s):

End Users ◽

Reception Theory ◽

Audience Reception ◽

Policy Network ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Policy Model ◽

Subsequent Research ◽

Made In

Abstract The translation policy model by González Núñez (2013, 475) comprises three elements, namely “translation management”, “translation practices”, and “translation beliefs”. While the first two elements of this model are straightforward and easy to study in top-down approaches, translation beliefs can relate both to policymakers and policy receivers. However, the distinction has not been clearly made in this model and the element of translation beliefs has been chiefly treated in the literature as though it comes from the top levels of policymaking, hence overlooking the bottom-up aspects of it (see González Núñez 2014, 2016; Li et al. 2017). In order to improve this model, the present paper draws on the audience reception theory (Hall 1973), and shows that the current translation policy model requires a fourth element that I would call ‘translation reception’. The paper draws on the findings of a reception-oriented case study on translation policies in provincial broadcasting in Iran. This study argues that a more inclusive model of translation policy should not only include the authority-level elements of translation management, translation practices, and translation beliefs, but also the element of translation reception on the part of policy receivers. This way, I hope, the end users’ involvement in and contribution to the translation policy network will not be overlooked in subsequent research.

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Impacts of Public Health Emergencies on Tourism Industry and the Enlightenment—A Case Study of the Tianmu Lake Tourism Company

Modern Management ◽

10.12677/mm.2021.1181054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (08) ◽

pp. 839-845

Author(s):

治宇肖

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Public Health Emergencies ◽

The Enlightenment

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Framing Bacterial Genomics for Public Health(care)

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00135-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alison Laufer Halpin ◽

L. Clifford McDonald ◽

Christopher A. Elkins

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

National Laboratory ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Public Health Care ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

The Public ◽

Bacterial Genomics ◽

Healthcare Associated

Advancements in comparative genomics have generated significant interest in defining applications for healthcare-associated pathogens. Clinical microbiology, however, relies on increasingly automated platforms to quickly identify pathogens, resistance mechanisms, and therapy options within CLIA- and FDA-approved frameworks. Additionally, and most notably, healthcare-associated pathogens, especially those that are resistant to antibiotics, represent a diverse spectrum of genera harboring complex genetic targets including antibiotic, biocide, and virulence determinants that can be highly transmissible and, at least for antibiotic resistance, serve as potential targets for containment efforts. U.S. public health investments have focused on rapidly detecting outbreaks and emerging resistance in healthcare-associated pathogens using reference, culture-based, and molecular methods that are distributed, for example, across national laboratory network infrastructures. Herein we describe the public health applications of genomic science that are built from the top-down for broad surveillance, as well as the bottom-up, starting with identification of infections and infectious clusters. For healthcare-associated, including antimicrobial-resistant, pathogens, we propose a combination of top-down and bottom-up genomic approaches leveraged across the public health spectrum, from local infection control, to regional and national containment efforts, to national surveillance for understanding emerging strain ecology and fitness of healthcare pathogens.

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Actually existing smart citizens: expertise and (non)participation in the making of the smart city

10.31235/osf.io/6fcet ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Taylor Shelton ◽

Thomas Lodato

Keyword(s):

Smart City ◽

Policy Making ◽

Urban Governance ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Top Down ◽

The World ◽

Number Of Individuals

In response to the mounting criticism of emerging ‘smart cities’ strategies around the world, a number of individuals and institutions have attempted to pivot from discussions of smart cities towards a focus on ‘smart citizens’. While the smart citizen is most often seen as a kind of foil for those more stereotypically top-down, neoliberal, and repressive visions of the smart city that have been widely critiqued within the literature, this paper argues for an attention to the ‘actually existing smart citizen’, which plays a much messier and more ambivalent role in practice. This paper proposes the dual figures of ‘the general citizen’ and ‘the absent citizen’ as a heuristic for thinking about how the lines of inclusion and exclusion are drawn for citizens, both discursively and materially, in the actual making of the smart city. These figures are meant to highlight how the universal and unspecified figure of ‘the citizen’ is discursively deployed to justify smart city policies, while at the same time, actual citizens remain largely excluded from such decision and policy-making processes. Using a case study of Atlanta, Georgia and its ongoing smart cities initiatives, we argue that while the participation of citizens is crucial to any truly democratic mode of urban governance, the emerging discourse around the promise of smart citizenship fails to capture the realities of how citizens are actually discussed and enrolled in the making of these policies.

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Making a House a Home: Motivations for Earthquake Strengthening Domestic Homes in Dunedin, an Argument Towards Domestic Heritage

10.26686/wgtn.17019650.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Imogen Stockwell

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Conservation Practice ◽

Heritage Studies ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Southern City ◽

The Relationship

<p>Following the 2010 and 2011 Canterbury earthquakes, earthquake strengthening is one of the biggest issues facing heritage buildings in New Zealand. This process is mainly affecting commercial and public buildings; residential buildings are generally exempt from earthquake-prone building policies. However, some homeowners are choosing to do what is often perceived to be an expensive and time-consuming process. This research explores whether there is a heritage relationship between the homeowner and their house that motivates conservation work, such as earthquake strengthening. The central question for this research is: “What makes a heritage house a home? Is “home” a motivation for owners to earthquake strengthen their building? a case study of Dunedin”. The relationship between homeowners and the heritage of their homes and domestic conservations practices has been underexamined in heritage studies in New Zealand. The current dissertation addresses this problem and contributes to the literature of Museum and Heritage Studies. The theoretical framework employed in this research draws on the field of Critical Heritage Studies in order to explore the relationship between ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up heritage’, the notion of ‘peoples-based’ heritage, the value of intangible heritage and a cycle of care. This research utilised qualitative research methods, involving the interviewing three heritage homeowners and two heritage professionals. These provided detailed findings about homeowners’ perceptions of their houses and the interaction between heritage practitioners and homeowners. The southern city of Dunedin was the case study which framed this research, because it has a rich collection of heritage buildings and a council which has been proactive in encouraging earthquake strengthening. It was found that the heritage homeowner’s relationship with their home played a role in conservation how decisions are undertaken and that there is a lack of outreach from heritage authorities to heritage homeowners. This research provides information about the nature of the interaction between top-down and bottom-up heritage, and how this relationship can lead to positive heritage outcomes. Recommendations include developing open channels of communication between officials and homeowners, increased acknowledgement of the homeowner’s role in the conservation practice, and the establishment of a concept of Domestic Heritage to assist within the development of a cycle of care by heritage homeowners.</p>

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Managing records and archives in a Hong Kong school: a case study

Records Management Journal ◽

10.1108/rmj-02-2017-0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 204-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eric C.K. Cheng

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Approach ◽

Record Management ◽

Records Management ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Content Type

Purpose This study aims to explore the principles and practices for managing records with the lens of functional analysis and knowledge management by using a case study that focuses on the experience of implementing records management at a public high school in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach A single case study is chosen as the research method for this paper. A series of qualitative interviews and documentary analysis were used to collect and triangulate the qualitative data. Findings The results show that the case school adopted a hybrid top-down and bottom-up approach to record management, facilitate decision-making and manage knowledge. The school adopted the taxonomy provided by the quality assurance framework as the functional classification in a digital archive in the records management system. Practical implications This study provides a set of taxonomy and a hybrid top-down and bottom-up approach to schools for ensuring that accurate information of all school activities is kept and can facilitate an effective and evidence-based, decision-making process. Social implications Identifying taxonomy and management practices for effective documentation in public schools can support planning, assist with organising the continuity of improvement plans and increase reporting and accountability to society. Originality/value This study offers a taxonomy and management approach to the literature of records management and the practices for promoting and improving records management in school.

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Exploring the Role of Enforcement in Promoting Adherence with Protective Behaviours During COVID-19

10.31234/osf.io/89sj3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Freya Mills ◽

Charles Symons ◽

Holly Carter

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Public Health Emergencies ◽

Search Terms ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Specific Barriers ◽

Protective Behaviours

Purpose: To explore the conditions under which enforcement likely is, or is not, an effective strategy to increase adherence to recommended protective behaviours during COVID-19. Design/Methodology/Approach: Relevant search terms were entered into three key databases (Google Scholar, medXriv, psyArXiv) to identify both peer-reviewed and pre-publication articles that reported empirical data relating to the impact of enforcement on adherence with recommended public health behaviours. Findings: Enforcement is less effective when: it is applied inconsistently; rules are ambiguous; behaviours are unobservable. Providing food and financial support, creating social norms and increasing trust are more effective in addressing specific barriers and fostering voluntary adherence. Where enforcement forms part of the strategy for policing COVID-19 regulations, rules must be clear and local responders must be given time and opportunity to plan their response as new rules are implemented. Research limitations/implications: This narrative review was limited to papers published in English and available either via the databases searched, or via reference searching; some relevant studies may therefore not have been identified. Practical implications: Findings inform an understanding of the impact of enforcement on adherence and facilitate the development of recommendations for increasing adherence to protective behaviours during COVID-19. Given the importance of public adherence, these recommendations are not only useful in the context of COVID-19 but also for future public health emergencies. Originality/value: This narrative review is the first to explore the circumstances under which enforcement can increase or reduce adherence with COVID-19 guidelines, generating recommendations for improved public adherence.

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Methodology of Schema Integration for New Database Applications

Human Computer Interaction Development & Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-931777-13-1.ch011 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 194-218

Author(s):

Joseph Fong ◽

Kamalakar Karlapalem ◽

Qing Li ◽

Irene Kwan

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Functional Data Analysis ◽

Functional Data ◽

Schema Integration ◽

Top Down ◽

Database Applications ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Integration Techniques ◽

New Applications

A practitioner’s approach to integrate databases and evolve them so as to support new database applications is presented. The approach consists of a joint bottom-up and top-down methodology; the bottom-up approach is taken to integrate existing database using standard schema integration techniques (B-Schema), the top-down approach is used to develop a database schema for the new applications (T-Schema). The T-Schema uses a joint functional-data analysis. The B-schema is evolved by comparing it with the generated T-schema. This facilitates an evolutionary approach to integrate existing databases to support new applications as and when needed. The mutual completeness check of the T-Schema against B-Schema derive the schema modification steps to be performed on B-Schema to meet the requirements of the new database applications. A case study is presented to illustrate the methodology.

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