Impacts of Public Health Emergencies on Tourism Industry and the Enlightenment—A Case Study of the Tianmu Lake Tourism Company

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (08) ◽  
pp. 839-845
Author(s):  
治宇 肖
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Enlightenment

scholarly journals How Local Governments Are Caring for the Homeless During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham David Benavides ◽  
Julius A. Nukpezah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Subsidiarity Principle ◽  
Control And Prevention

This article discusses the plight of the homeless during public health emergencies and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It reviews the role of public administrators that grounds their efforts by examining their foundational purpose to serve the most vulnerable in our society. Using subsidiarity principle as the context, it discusses homelessness in America and the role of the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development and their Continuum of Care program. It also highlights the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during public health emergencies and their interim guidelines for local governments in providing for the homeless during emergencies. Finally, through a case study on the city of Dallas, Texas, the article examines how local governments have responded to address the needs of the homeless during the COVID-19 pandemic. It concludes that it is imperative that public administrators at all levels of government explore areas of shared competence, cooperation, and allocate responsibility where it would yield the most efficient result.

scholarly journals Who does Bolsonaro listen to under emergency conditions? Building a framework for analyzing informal presidential advisory networks during the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-253
Author(s):  
Aglaé Tumelero
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Information Channel ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Public Health Emergencies

Despite evidence about the informal advisors of the presidents in Latin America, literature on this topic is still incipient. This article investigates the informational scenario that surrounded the Brazilian president, Jair Bolsonaro, from January to April 2020, a period of presidential decision-making on the measures to face the Covid-19 pandemic. In-depth case study of interactions established by the Brazilian president is developed based on data from the Brazilian President’s Daily Diary. Social Network Analysis (SNA) tools are used to analyze this evidence. The findings suggest that the Ministry of Health (MOH) was not the main information channel for the president at the beginning of the pandemic despite its central role in the national governance structure of public health emergencies. In addition, the analysis shows the president's choice to use the structures of the Presidency as main informational support, including strengthening them through unilateral administrative measures. Finally, the results indicate that there is no evidence that the president combined formal and informal advisory as a strategy to access alternative information to the MOH. The findings should be pondered regarding the partly reliable nature of the President’s Daily Diary as a source of relational data. The study provides a conceptual and methodological framework to identify and measure the presidential informal advisory strategy, contributing to the advance of research on presidential advising in Latin America.  

scholarly journals Utility of Pan-Family Assays for Rapid Viral Screening: Reducing Delays in Public Health Responses During Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Erlichster ◽  
Gursharan Chana ◽  
Daniela Zantomio ◽  
Benjamin Goudey ◽  
Efstratios Skafidas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Genomic Regions

SummaryBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted deficiencies in the testing capacity of many developed countries during the early stages of emerging pandemics. Here we describe the potential for pan-family viral assays to improve early accessibility of large-scale nucleic acid testing.MethodsCoronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 were used as a case-study for investigating the utility of pan-family viral assays during the early stages of a novel pandemic. Specificity of a pan-coronavirus (Pan-CoV) assay for viral detection was assessed using the frequency of common human coronavirus (HCoV) species in key populations. A reported Pan-CoV assay was assessed to determine sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 and 59 other coronavirus species. The resilience of the primer target regions of this assay to mutation was assessed in 8893 high quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes to predict ongoing utility during pandemic progression.FindingsDue to infection with common HCoV species, a Pan-CoV assay would return a false positive for as few as 1% of asymptomatic adults, but up to 30% of immunocompromised patients displaying symptoms of respiratory disease. Two of the four reported pan-coronavirus assays would have identified SARS-CoV-2 and we demonstrate that with small adjustments to the primers, these assays can accommodate novel variation observed in animal coronaviruses. The assay target region of one well established Pan-CoV assay is highly resistant to mutation compared to regions targeted by other widely applied SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assays.InterpretationPan-family assays have the potential to greatly assist management of emerging public health emergencies through prioritization of high-resolution testing or isolation measures, despite limitations in test specificity due to cross-reactivity with common pathogens. Targeting highly conserved genomic regions make pan-family assays robust and resilient to mutation of a given virus. This approach may be applicable to other viral families and has utility as part of a strategic stockpile of tests maintained to better contain spread of novel diseases prior to the widespread availability of specific assays.

scholarly journals Behaviour adoption approaches during public health emergencies: implications for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e004450
Author(s):  
Mohamed F Jalloh ◽  
Aasli A Nur ◽  
Sophia A Nur ◽  
Maike Winters ◽  
Jamie Bedson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Protective Behaviours

Human behaviour will continue to play an important role as the world grapples with public health threats. In this paper, we draw from the emerging evidence on behaviour adoption during diverse public health emergencies to develop a framework that contextualises behaviour adoption vis-à-vis a combination of top-down, intermediary and bottom-up approaches. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, we operationalise the contextual framework to demonstrate how these three approaches differ in terms of their implementation, underlying drivers of action, enforcement, reach and uptake. We illustrate how blended strategies that include all three approaches can help accelerate and sustain protective behaviours that will remain important even when safe and effective vaccines become more widely available. As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic and prepares to respond to (re)emerging public health threats, our contextual framework can inform the design, implementation, tracking and evaluation of comprehensive public health and social measures during health emergencies.

scholarly journals Ayurvedic Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Kerala, India and Its Impact on Quarantined Individuals – A Community Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Mary Joseph ◽  
Divya S. Iyer ◽  
Rajmohan Velayudhan Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in massive loss of valuable human lives, extensive destruction of livelihoods and financial crisis of unprecedented levels across the globe. Kerala, a province in India, like the rest of the country, launched preventive and control measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 early in 2020. The Government of Kerala started 1206 Ayur Raksha Clinics and associated Task Forces across the state in April 2020 to improve the reach and penetration of Ayurvedic preventive, therapeutic and convalescent care strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation framework of the strategy was properly designed, and had a decentralized, people-centered, and participatory approach. Kerala has robust public health machinery with adequate human resource and infrastructure in the conventional medicine sector. This community case study examines how the decentralized organizational framework was effectively utilized for facilitating the delivery of Ayurvedic services in the COVID-19 situation. Key observations from the study are: Ayurvedic programs implemented systematically, under an organized framework with social participation enables wider utilization of the services. Such a framework is easily replicable even in resource-poor settings. Rather than a pluralistic approach, an integrative health system approach may be more viable in the Kerala scenario in public health emergencies.

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