scholarly journals Model for developing context-sensitive responses to vulnerability in research: managing ethical dilemmas faced by frontline research staff in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e004937
Author(s):  
Sassy Molyneux ◽  
Priya Sukhtankar ◽  
Johnstone Thitiri ◽  
Rita Njeru ◽  
Kui Muraya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Career Support ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
Study Teams

Health research in low-resource settings often involves individuals and populations defined as ‘vulnerable’. There is growing attention in the literature to the ethical dilemmas that frontline research staff face while conducting such research. However, there is little documented as to how research staff might support one another in identifying and handling these dilemmas in different contexts. Over the course of conducting empirical ethics research embedded in the Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, we developed an approach to examine and respond to the ethical issues and dilemmas faced by the study teams, particularly frontline staff. In this paper we describe the specific tools and approach we developed, which centred on regular cross-team ethics reflection sessions, and share lessons learnt. We suggest that all studies involving potentially vulnerable participants should incorporate activities and processes to support frontline staff in identifying, reflecting on and responding to ethical dilemmas, throughout studies. We outline the resources needed to do this and share piloted tools for further adaptation and evaluation. Such initiatives should complement and feed into—and certainly not in any way replace or substitute for—strong institutional ethics review, safeguarding and health and safety policies and processes, as well broader staff training and career support initiatives.

scholarly journals Reporting suspected abuse or neglect in research involving children

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Resnik ◽  
Duncan C Randall
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Training Research ◽  
And Training

In this article, we explore the ethical issues related to the reporting of suspected abuse or neglect in research involving children. Ethical dilemmas related to reporting child maltreatment are often complex because the rights of children and their adult caregivers may conflict and determinations of abuse or neglect are socially constructed judgments that depend on particular circumstances. We argue that when reporting is legally mandated, investigators must follow the law and report their suspicions to Child Protective Services. When reporting is not legally mandated, investigators still have an ethical obligation to report to help prevent additional maltreatment and allow children to obtain access to services needed to recover from abuse or neglect. We also argue that investigators should include plans and procedures in the research protocol for making reports and training research staff in recognising evidence of child abuse or neglect. Although investigators should report evidence of abuse or neglect that is discovered incidentally, they have no mandate to actively search for such evidence when it is not related to the study’s objectives. Investigators should also inform parents and children about their obligations to report suspected abuse or neglect.

Ethical Issues in Private Practice: A Phenomenological Investigation of Music Therapy Business Owners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Wilhelm ◽  
Lindsey Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Music Therapists

Abstract As a music therapy private practice is both a business and a healthcare service, it should adhere to ethical standards from both disciplines. However, this topic has rarely been examined in the music therapy literature. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore ethical dilemmas experienced by music therapy business owners (MTBOs) in their private practice and how MTBOs avoid or address ethical dilemmas. Utilizing convenience and snowball sampling techniques, 21 MTBOs in the United States were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. To answer the two areas of inquiry, we identified three themes and 12 subthemes: (1) Ethical issues related to client welfare, (2) Ethical issues related to business relationships and operation, and (3) Strategies to address or avoid ethical dilemmas. MTBOs also shared how they ensure ethical behavior in themselves, with their employees or independent contractors, and when interacting with professionals outside the private practice. These findings provide a better understanding of MTBOs’ lived experiences of ethics in their private practice and may benefit other music therapists who are in private practice or are wanting to go into private practice. Limitations and recommendations for further research are provided.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues around Death and Withdrawal of Life Support in Neonatal Intensive Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Pant
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Discharge Against Medical Advice

AbstractAmongst all the traumatic experiences in a human life, death of child is considered the most painful, and has profound and lasting impact on the life of parents. The experience is even more complex when the death occurs within a neonatal intensive care unit, particularly in situations where there have been conflicts associated with decisions regarding the redirection of life-sustaining treatments. In the absence of national guidelines and legal backing, clinicians are faced with a dilemma of whether to prolong life-sustaining therapy even in the most brain-injured infants or allow a discharge against medical advice. Societal customs, vagaries, and lack of bereavement support further complicate the experience for parents belonging to lower socio-economic classes. The present review explores the ethical dilemmas around neonatal death faced by professionals in India, and suggests some ways forward.

Handling Ethical Dilemmas in Multidisciplinary Teams

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Thistlethwaite ◽  
Wendy Hawksworth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Secondary Health Care

This chapter explores the concept and practice of teamwork and interprofessional collaboration in the support and treatment of clients with mental health problems. Mental health care provision is complex, ethically challenging, and frequently delivered via mental health care teams (MHCT) in both primary and secondary health care settings. We consider how such teams may work together optimally using values-based and client-centered approaches. We discuss the nature of and reasons for conflict arising in multidisciplinary MHCTs, focusing on ethical dilemmas that occur where there is diversity amongst team members in respect of personal, professional, and/or organizational values. The specific ethical issues discussed are: boundary issues; receiving gifts; confidentiality, and involuntary treatment and restraint. Three case studies are used to provide examples of values in action.

scholarly journals Bioethics Teaching and Assessment: My Experience of Three Institutes

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoheb Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Undergraduate Level

This paper describes my experience of teaching bioethics in different institutes and degree courses at undergraduate level. Bioethics is being taught to improve the understanding of the ethical issues in the field of medicine. The students are being trained in bioethics to recognize and resolve different ethical dilemmas and also to combat the situations where ethical analysis is needed. This paper also focuses on teaching and assessment methods for undergraduate courses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v5i2.19577 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014; 5(2):44-48

scholarly journals Ethics and Total Worker Health®: Constructs for Ethical Decision-Making and Competencies for Professional Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10030
Author(s):  
Bonnie Rogers ◽  
Anita L. Schill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Worker Health ◽  
Total Worker Health

Work has become increasingly technologically driven and fast paced, with long work hours, new/emerging hazards, and rising health care costs. Threats to worker safety, health, and well-being including non-traditional work arrangements and practices, precarious work, uncertain hazardous exposures, and work organization issues, such as heavy workloads, design of work, uneven work hours, and difficult interpersonal relationships among workers and managers are apparent. Furthermore, the relationship between personal health risk factors and workplace risks and exposures has drawn increased attention and concern. As employer economic pressures continue to build, it is anticipated that ethical dilemmas for practitioners will become increasingly complex. A review of relevant Total Worker Health (TWH) literature, related ethical constructs and competencies, an examination of codes of ethics for occupational safety and health and health promotion/education disciplines was conducted. A case study for TWH utilizing an ethical decision-making model for the analysis of key ethical issues and solutions was completed. TWH approaches to protecting safety, promoting health, and advancing well-being are increasingly being adopted. These approaches can reveal ethical dilemmas, and ethical constructs are needed to guide decision-making. A core set of proposed ethical competencies for TWH professionals are identified as a transdisciplinary framework to support workplace ethical culture.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy Ethics in Twentieth-Century Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Magdalena Elsner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Century Literature

Ethical issues arising in the practice of psychotherapy, such as confidentiality, boundaries in the therapeutic relationship, and informed consent, figure prominently in a range of twentieth-century literary texts that portray psychotherapy. This chapter analyzes the portrayal of these conflicts, but also stresses that they are often marginal to the overall plot structures of these narratives and that literary depictions of psychotherapy are often vague or even inaccurate concerning key characteristics of psychotherapeutic practice. Focusing on examples that either illustrate professionalism and the absence of ethical challenges in psychotherapy, or take up the ethical reservations that fueled anti-Freudianism or the anti-psychiatry movement, the chapter proposes that selected literary depictions of psychotherapy can play a key role in sensitizing therapists to the complex make-up of ethical dilemmas as well as illustrating the cultural and historical contexts of these dilemmas.

scholarly journals What Social Workers Should Know About Ethics: Understanding and Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

10.18060/124 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine P. Congress
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Dual Relationships ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Social Work Educators ◽  
Social Work Practitioners

Recognizing ethical issues and dilemmas that arise in professional practice is crucial for social work practitioners, educators, and students. After a discussion about the limited, although growing, literature on social work ethics, the ten main tenets form the most current NASW Code of Ethics are presented. These topics include limits to confidentiality, confidentiality and technology, confidentiality in family and group work, managed care, cultural competence, dual relationships, sexual relationships, impairment and incompetence of colleagues, application to administrators and relevance to social work educators. In addition to understanding the Code of Ethics, social workers can use the ETHIC model of decision making for resolving ethical dilemmas. This easy to use five step process includes examining personal, agency, client, and professional values, thinking about ethical standards and relevant laws, hypothesizing about consequences, identifying the most vulnerable, and consulting with supervisors and colleagues. A case example involving confidentiality, HIV/AIDS and family therapy demonstrates how social workers can use the ETHIC model.

A Guide to Cracking Down Cyber-Ethical Dilemmas

2021 ◽  
pp. 900-917
Author(s):  
Wanbil William Lee
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Computing Technologies ◽  
Poor Understanding

The advancement in computing technologies raises more complex moral and security issues, thus intensifying the urgency for resolving cyberethical dilemmas. At the same time, we spend a lot on cybersecurity, yet still get hacked whereby, it is argued, a hidden cause transpires - we don't take ethics seriously due to a poor understanding of ethics. Society in general and the computing technology community in particular recognize that ethics is important. However, corporate managers and information security operatives still fall for the fallacious ‘what's legal is ethical' or accept the relativistic ‘if Tom can do it then Dick can do it'. This is no surprise because the concepts of ethics seem plain and simple yet their implications abstruse. A guide for improving our knowledge of ethics and in the same vein discovering and identifying ethical issues and linking the issues to the relevant theories and technologies, and resolving the dilemmas will be desirable.

Ethical Considerations in the Genetic Testing Laboratory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Groepper ◽  
Matt Bower
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Testing Laboratories

Ethical dilemmas are commonly encountered by genetic counselors, whether in the clinical or laboratory setting. This chapter describes common ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and challenges encountered in genetic testing laboratories. These situations include genetic testing of minors for adult-onset conditions, prenatal testing, the ethical impacts of incidental findings and unexpected test results, and conflicts of interest. This chapter also explores the genetic counselor’s role in addressing ethical issues. Resources are provided for managing these ethical dilemmas within the laboratory.

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