scholarly journals Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2021-000250
Author(s):  
Panayiotis Louca ◽  
Benjamin Murray ◽  
Kerstin Klaser ◽  
Mark S Graham ◽  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesDietary supplements may ameliorate SARS-CoV-2 infection, although scientific evidence to support such a role is lacking. We investigated whether users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app who regularly took dietary supplements were less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.DesignApp-based community survey.Setting445 850 subscribers of an app that was launched to enable self-reported information related to SARS-CoV-2 infection for use in the general population in the UK (n=372 720), the USA (n=45 757) and Sweden (n=27 373).Main exposureSelf-reported regular dietary supplement usage (constant use during previous 3 months) in the first waves of the pandemic up to 31 July 2020.Main outcome measuresSARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by viral RNA reverse transcriptase PCR test or serology test before 31 July 2020.ResultsIn 372 720 UK participants (175 652 supplement users and 197 068 non-users), those taking probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins or vitamin D had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 14% (95% CI (8% to 19%)), 12% (95% CI (8% to 16%)), 13% (95% CI (10% to 16%)) and 9% (95% CI (6% to 12%)), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders. No effect was observed for those taking vitamin C, zinc or garlic supplements. On stratification by sex, age and body mass index (BMI), the protective associations in individuals taking probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins and vitamin D were observed in females across all ages and BMI groups, but were not seen in men. The same overall pattern of association was observed in both the US and Swedish cohorts.ConclusionIn women, we observed a modest but significant association between use of probiotics, omega-3 fatty acid, multivitamin or vitamin D supplements and lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. We found no clear benefits for men nor any effect of vitamin C, garlic or zinc. Randomised controlled trials are required to confirm these observational findings before any therapeutic recommendations can be made.

scholarly journals Dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 1.4M users of the COVID Symptom Study app - a longitudinal app-based community survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis Louca ◽  
Benjamin Murray ◽  
Kerstin Klaser ◽  
Mark S Graham ◽  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
New Onset

AbstractObjectivesDietary supplements may provide nutrients of relevance to ameliorate SARS-CoV-2 infection, although scientific evidence to support a role is lacking. We investigate whether the regular use of dietary supplements can reduce the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in around 1.4M users of the COVID Symptom Study App who completed a supplement use questionnaire.DesignLongitudinal app-based community survey and nested case control study.SettingSubscribers to an app that was launched to enable self-reported information related to SARS-CoV-2 infection for use in the general population in three countries.Main ExposureSelf-reported regular dietary supplement usage since the beginning of the pandemic.Main Outcome MeasuresSARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by viral RNA polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR) or serology test. A secondary outcome was new-onset anosmia.ResultsIn an analysis including 327,720 UK participants, the use of probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins or vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 14%(95%CI: [8%,19%]), 12%(95%CI: [8%,16%]), 13%(95%CI: [10%,16%]) and 9%(95%CI: [6%,12%]), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders. No effect was observed for vitamin C, zinc or garlic supplements. When analyses were stratified by sex, age and body mass index (BMI), the protective associations for probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, multivitamins and vitamin D were observed in females across all ages and BMI groups, but were not seen in men. The same overall pattern of association was observed in both the US and Swedish cohorts. Results were further confirmed in a sub-analysis of 993,365 regular app users who were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 with cases (n= 126,556) defined as those with new onset anosmia (the strongest COVID-19 predictor).ConclusionWe observed a modest but significant association between use of probiotics, omega-3 fatty acid, multivitamin or vitamin D supplements and lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in women. No clear benefits for men were observed nor any effect of vitamin C, garlic or zinc for men or women. Randomised controlled trials of selected supplements would be required to confirm these observational findings before any therapeutic recommendations can be made.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Safety of Anti-COVID-19 Nutraceuticals for Patients with Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6094
Author(s):  
Karlen Stade Bader-Larsen ◽  
Elisabeth Anne Larson ◽  
Maria Dalamaga ◽  
Faidon Magkos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Pubmed Database

Interest in dietary supplements and their efficacy in treating and preventing disease has increased greatly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with cancer, we conducted a narrative review aiming to better understand the data on the safety of the most efficacious “anti-COVID-19” nutraceuticals for patients with cancer. We conducted a PubMed database search aimed at identifying the most effective nutrients for use against COVID-19. For the identified nutraceuticals, we searched PubMed again regarding their safety for patients with cancer. Fifty-four total records (52 independent studies) were retrieved, pertaining to vitamin D, vitamin C, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc. Vitamin D results from 23 articles indicated safe use, but two articles indicated potential harm. All 14 articles for vitamin C and five out of six articles for selenium indicated the safety of use (one study for selenium suggested harm with high-dose supplementation). Results for omega-3 fatty acids (seven articles) and zinc (one article), however, were rather mixed regarding safety. We conclude that vitamin D, vitamin C, and selenium supplements are likely safe or even beneficial at typically recommended doses; however, caution is urged with omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and zinc supplements should likely be avoided. More experimental research is needed, and nutraceutical use by patients with cancer should always be under the supervision of a healthcare team.

scholarly journals Dietary sources of omega 3 fatty acids: public health risks and benefits

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (S2) ◽  
pp. S23-S52 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tur ◽  
M. M. Bibiloni ◽  
A. Sureda ◽  
A. Pons
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Health Risks And Benefits

Omega 3 fatty acids can be obtained from several sources, and should be added to the daily diet to enjoy a good health and to prevent many diseases. Worldwide, general population use omega-3 fatty acid supplements and enriched foods to get and maintain adequate amounts of these fatty acids. The aim of this paper was to review main scientific evidence regarding the public health risks and benefits of the dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids. A systematic literature search was performed, and one hundred and forty-five articles were included in the results for their methodological quality. The literature described benefits and risks of algal, fish oil, plant, enriched dairy products, animal-derived food, krill oil, and seal oil omega-3 fatty acids.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Decrease Plasma T-tau, GFAP, and UCH-L1 in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 924-924
Author(s):  
Angus Scrimgeour ◽  
Michelle Condlin ◽  
Andrei Loban ◽  
James DeMar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
T Tau

Abstract Objectives Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in neuronal, axonal and glial damage. Interventions targeting neuroinflammation to enhance recovery from TBI are needed. Exercise is known to improve cognitive function in TBI patients. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D reportedly reduce inflammation, and in combination, might improve TBI outcomes. This study examined how an anti-inflammatory diet affected plasma TBI biomarkers, voluntary exercise and behavior following exposure to mild TBI (mTBI). Methods Adult, male rats were individually housed in cages fitted with voluntary running wheels and daily running distance was recorded during the study. A modified weight drop method induced mTBI, and during 30 days post-injury, rats were fed diets supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 (AIDM diet), or non-supplemented AIN-76A diets (CON diet). Behavioral tests were periodically conducted to assess functional deficits. Plasma levels of Total tau (T-tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and neurofilament light chain (NF-L) were measured at 48 h, 14 d and 30 d post-injury. Fatty acid composition of food, plasma and brain tissues was determined. Results In rats exposed to mTBI, NF-L levels were significantly elevated at 48 h post-injury (P < 0.005), and decreased to levels seen in uninjured rats by 14 d post-injury. T-tau, GFAP and UCH-L1 plasma levels did not change at 48 h or 14 d post-injury. However, at 30 d post-injury, T-tau, GFAP and UCH-L1 all significantly increased in rats exposed to mTBI and fed CON diets (P < 0.005), but not in rats fed AIDM diets. Behavioral tests conducted post-injury showed that exercise counteracted cognitive deficits associated with mTBI. The AIDM diets significantly increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in plasma and brain tissue (P < 0.05), and in serum levels of vitamin D (P < 0.05). Conclusions The anti-inflammatory diet significantly altered the temporal profiles of plasma T-tau, GFAP and UCH-L1 following mTBI. Voluntary running exercise protected against mTBI-induced cognitive deficits, but had no impact on plasma levels of neurotrauma biomarkers. Thus the prophylactic effect of exercise, when combined with an anti-inflammatory diet, may facilitate recovery in patients with mTBI. Funding Sources U.S. Army MRDC.

scholarly journals ANTICOID PRODUCTS FROM AQUATIC BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Elena Kharenko ◽  
Anna Sopina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

The formation of collective immunity, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is directly related to the state of health of each member of the community, therefore, taking care of the health of citizens becomes one of the priority tasks of any state. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D, essentially being a hormone D, strengthens the innate immunity associated with the exchange of zinc in the human body, which, in turn, affects the replication of viruses and accel-erates their excretion. Omega-3 fatty acids have a wide spectrum of biological activity, includ-ing in the treatment of inflammatory processes of various etiologies.

Guidelines for the pre-conception period

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Peter Gluckman ◽  
Mark Hanson ◽  
Chong Yap Seng ◽  
Anne Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

Where possible, pre-conception counselling is desirable for both prospective parents in order to address issues of lifestyle and nutrition so that pregnancy can proceed with the best possible start. If dieting is necessary this should be initiated as far in advance of the pregnancy as possible, because inadequate nutrition around the time of conception can influence the fetal growth trajectory and weight at birth. Regardless of BMI, women should also be encouraged to engage in regular aerobic exercise. Nutritional requirements in the pre-conception period include adequate amounts of oily fish to provide omega-3 fatty acids. All women planning a pregnancy should receive 400 #amp;#x00B5;g of folic acid daily, and vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplementation may be necessary, particular for vegetarians. Other vitamins and minerals should be considered, particularly iron and iodine, but most should be obtainable from a balanced diet. Harmful behaviours and environmental exposures should be avoided.

scholarly journals “Diet in the Etiopathogenesis of IBD: Is There A Culinary Culprit?”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Issokson
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Lay Summary Research suggests that diet plays a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Eating more fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and limiting food additives may lower risk. More research is needed to better understand diet factors that may protect against IBD.

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