scholarly journals Job demand and control in mid-life and physical and mental functioning in early old age: do childhood factors explain these associations in a British birth cohort?

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela B von Bonsdorff ◽  
Rachel Cooper ◽  
Diana Kuh
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
And Control ◽  
Early Old Age ◽  
Childhood Factors

ObjectivesAdverse work-related exposures have been linked with decreased physical and mental functioning in later life, however, whether childhood factors explain the associations between work exposures and functioning is unknown. Our aim was to investigate if job demand and control in mid-life were related to self-reported physical and mental functioning in early old age and whether childhood factors explained these associations.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingEngland, Scotland and Wales.Participants and outcome measuresData come from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a cohort with follow-up since birth in 1946. 1485 occupationally active study members had data available on job demand and control in mid-life and on physical and mental functioning assessed using the Short Form-36 questionnaire at 60–64 years.ResultsThose with higher job control in mid-life had better physical functioning than those who reported lower job control (β 0.51, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.01, p=0.04 adjusted for adult confounders). Those with higher job demand in mid-life had poorer mental functioning (β −0.82, 95% CI −1.14 to −0.51, p<0.001). Associations between job control and mental functioning were similar but less pronounced. Adjustment for childhood factors (father's and mother's educational attainment, parents’ interest in school at age 7 and cognitive ability at age 8) partially explained the association between job control and physical functioning, but did not explain the association between job demand and mental functioning.ConclusionsJob demand and control in mid-life are differentially associated with mental and physical functioning in early old age and some of these associations may be partially explained by childhood factors.

Metabolic Syndrome Trajectories and Objective Physical Performance in Mid-To-Early Late Life: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna M Napoleone ◽  
Robert M Boudreau ◽  
Brittney S Lange-Maia ◽  
Samar R El Khoudary ◽  
Kelly R Ylitalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African American ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Early Old Age

Abstract Background Little is known about how adverse, midlife metabolic profiles impact future physical functioning. We hypothesized that a higher number of midlife metabolic syndrome (MetS) components are associated with poorer physical performance in early old age for multi-ethnic women. Methods MetS status from 1996-2011 (8 visits) and objective physical performance in 2015/2016 (short physical performance battery (SPPB; 0-12), 40-foot walk (m/s), 4-meter gait speed (m/s), chair stands (sec), stair climb (sec)) were assessed in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN; n=1722; age 65.4±2.7 years; 26.9% African American, 10.1% Chinese, 9.8% Japanese, 5.5% Hispanic). Poisson latent class growth modeling identified MetS component trajectory groups: none (23.9%), 1=low-MetS (28.7%), 2=mid-MetS (30.9%), and &gt;3=high-MetS (16.5%). Adjusted linear regression related MetS groups to physical performance outcomes. Results High-MetS versus none had higher BMI, pain, financial strain, and lower physical activity and self-reported health (p&lt;0.0001). Compared to White, African American and Hispanic women were more likely to be in the high-MetS groups and had worse physical functioning along with Chinese women (SPPB, chair stand, stair climb, and gait speed - not Hispanic). After adjustments, high-MetS versus none demonstrated significantly worse 40-ft walk (β:-0.08; 95% CI:-0.13, -0.03), gait speed (β:-0.09; 95% CI:-0.15, -0.02), SPPB (β:-0.79; 95% CI: -1.15, -0.44), and chair stands (β:0.69; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.28), but no difference in stair climb. Conclusions Midlife MetS groups were related to poor physical performance in early old age multi-ethnic women. Midlife management of metabolic function may improve physical performance later in life.

scholarly journals Measures of obesity are associated with MRI markers of brain aging

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. e791-e803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Caunca ◽  
Hannah Gardener ◽  
Marialaura Simonetto ◽  
Ying Kuen Cheung ◽  
Noam Alperin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Later Life ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Old Age

ObjectiveTo examine associations between measures of obesity in middle to early-old age with later-life MRI markers of brain aging.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Northern Manhattan MRI Sub-Study (n = 1,289). Our exposures of interest were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and plasma adiponectin levels. Our outcomes of interest were total cerebral volume (TCV), cortical thickness, white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), and subclinical brain infarcts (SBI). Using multivariable linear and logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and vascular risk factors, we estimated β coefficients (or odds ratios) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and tested interactions with age, sex, and race/ethnicity.ResultsOn average at baseline, participants were aged 64 years and had 10 years of education; 60% were women and 66% were Caribbean Hispanic. The mean (SD) time lag between baseline and MRI was 6 (3) years. Greater BMI and WC were significantly associated with thinner cortices (BMI β [95% CI] −0.089 [−0.153, −0.025], WC β [95% CI] −0.103 [−0.169, −0.037]) in fully adjusted models. Similarly, compared to those with BMI <25, obese participants (BMI ≥30) exhibited smaller cortical thickness (β [95% CI] −0.207 [−0.374, −0.041]). These associations were particularly evident for those aged <65 years. Similar but weaker associations were observed for TCV. Most associations with WMHV and SBI did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsAdiposity in early-old age is related to reduced global gray matter later in life in this diverse sample. Future studies are warranted to elucidate causal relationships and explore region-specific associations.

scholarly journals Progression of White Matter Lesion Volume and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Disease: The SMART-MR Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Grool ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
Theo D. Witkamp ◽  
Koen L. Vincken ◽  
Willem P. T. M. Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
White Matter Lesion ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Mr Study

Objectives. Mechanisms influencing the course of physical and mental functioning after an atherosclerotic event are unclear. We examined effects of white matter lesion (WML) activity on changes in functioning in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease.Methods. In 486 patients (58±9years) of the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR) study, volumetric WML measurements on 1.5T MRI were performed at baseline and3.9±0.4years followup. Functioning was assessed with the modified Short-Form 12 (SF-12) questionnaire. Associations of WML progression with changes in functioning were adjusted for age, sex, and vascular risk factors.Results. Physical functioning (baseline: 44, 10th–90th percentile 29–55) improved, whereas mental functioning (baseline: 51, 10th–90th percentile 32–60) declined during followup. WML progression (highest quartile versus rest) contributed to a stronger decline in mental functioning (B=−1.76, 95% CI −3.11 to −0.42), but did not influence changes in physical functioning.Conclusions. Progression of WML volume contributes to a decline in mental functioning in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease.

scholarly journals Cumulative Associations Between Midlife Health Behaviors and Physical Functioning in Early Old Age: A 17-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1860-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Sabia ◽  
Alexis Elbaz ◽  
Nicolas Rouveau ◽  
Eric J. Brunner ◽  
Mika Kivimaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Early Old Age

Quality of Life Trajectories Predict Mortality in Older Men: The Manitoba Follow-Up Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. St. John ◽  
Depeng Jiang ◽  
Robert B. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
High Level

Objective: To describe quality of life trajectories of older men over a 10-year time frame in mental and physical health domains, and to determine if these trajectories predict death over a subsequent 9-year period. Method: A cohort study of Royal Canadian Air Force aircrew veterans. We used Short Form–36 (SF-36) measures of mental and physical functioning collected prospectively at six time points between 1996 to 2006 (734 men with a mean age of 85.5 [ SD 3.0] years in 2006) to determine trajectories. Continued contact with the cohort from 2006 to 2015 determined subsequent mortality. Results: Men were more likely to maintain high levels of mental functioning than physical functioning. Thirty-seven percent of participants maintained a high level of both mental and physical functioning. Declining function in either mental or physical function was associated with lower survival. Conclusion: Men who maintain physical and mental functioning have a lower mortality rate.

scholarly journals Procrastination: Relations with Mood, Self-Efficacy, Perceived Control and Task Demands

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Marijana Šuvak-Martinović ◽  
◽  
Ivona Čarapina Zovko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
Mood Repair ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
And Control

Procrastination is widely recognized as a motivational problem, but its nature is still not entirely understood, especially in the work domain. Procrastination in the execution of everyday work tasks could be motivated by both mood repair and predictor of poor mood. It could also be related to task characteristics, like averseness or demands. The aim of this study is to examine the relation between procrastination, levels of self-efficacy, perceived job demands and control, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. This study was conducted on a sample of 70 teaching assistants, the employees of a small university. The data was collected using Avoidance reactions to a deadline scale, DASS, Self-efficacy scale and Job demand-control scale. Correlation results indicated that self-efficacy and perceived job control were negatively, and job demand positively related to proneness to procrastination. Furthermore, individuals with more symptoms of anxiety and depression tended to procrastinate more. Perceived job control is the single relevant predictor of delaying job-related tasks and activities. The findings clearly suggest that job control deserves additional attention when it comes to the prediction of workplace procrastination. Keywords: procrastination, job control, job demands, self-efficacy, affect

scholarly journals STAIR CLIMB TIME AND FUNCTIONAL POWER ASSOCIATIONS IN EARLY OLD AGE: SWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S541-S541
Author(s):  
Elsa Strotmeyer ◽  
Brittney S Lange-Maia ◽  
Jane A Cauley ◽  
Sheila A Dugan ◽  
Samar R El Khoudary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Lower Power ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Early Old Age

Abstract Stair climbing assesses neuromuscular components of movement, including muscle power (force*velocity) which may decline earlier in aging vs. strength. We hypothesized age and age-related factor (N=1370; 65.5±2.7 years) associations to stair climb total time (sec), ascend lap time degradation (lap 1 minus 3), power (W/kg body weight) and power degradation (lap 1 minus 3). Adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and age-related comorbidity factors using multivariate linear regression, older age independently related to slower total time and lower power. Non-white ethnicity had slower total time (Black, Hispanic), higher ascend time degradation (Hispanic), and lower power (Hispanic, Chinese, Japanese) vs. Whites. Higher 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Modified Baecke physical activity scores indicated better performance: lower total time, higher power (SF-36 only), and less degradation in ascend time and power. Stair climb time and power in early old age may capture initial functional loss targets for interventions to prevent late-life disability.

scholarly journals Childhood reading problems and cognitive ageing across mid to later life

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215735
Author(s):  
Amber John ◽  
Josh Stott ◽  
Marcus Richards
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reading Problems ◽  
Cognitive Ageing ◽  
Early Old Age ◽  
Childhood Reading

BackgroundLittle research has investigated long-term associations of childhood reading with cognitive ageing. The aim of this study was to test longitudinal associations between childhood reading problems and cognitive function from mid-adulthood (age 43) to early old age (age 69), and whether associations were mediated by education.MethodsData were from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, a prospective population-based birth cohort. Reading problems were measured at age 11 using a reading test. Verbal memory and processing speed were measured at ages 43, 53, 60–64 and 69 and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) was administered at age 69. Linear mixed models and path analyses were used to test: (1) associations between reading problems and verbal memory and processing speed trajectories; (2) associations between reading problems and ACE-III scores; (3) whether associations were mediated by education.ResultsReading problems were associated with poorer verbal memory at intercept but not rate of decline (N=1726), and were not associated with processing speed intercept or decline (N=1730). There were higher rates of scores below ACE-III clinical thresholds (<82 and <88) in people with reading problems compared with those without. Reading problems were associated with poorer total ACE-III scores and all domain scores at age 69 (N=1699). Associations were partly mediated by education.ConclusionReading problems in childhood were associated with poorer cognitive function in early old age, and associations were partly mediated by education.

scholarly journals The association of cognitive performance with mental health and physical functioning strengthens with age: the Whitehall II cohort study

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jokela ◽  
A. Singh-Manoux ◽  
J. E. Ferrie ◽  
D. Gimeno ◽  
T. N. Akbaraly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Early Old Age

BackgroundCognitive performance has been associated with mental and physical health, but it is unknown whether the strength of these associations changes with ageing and with age-related social transitions, such as retirement. We examined whether cognitive performance predicted mental and physical health from midlife to early old age.MethodParticipants were 5414 men and 2278 women from the Whitehall II cohort study followed for 15 years between 1991 and 2006. The age range included over the follow-up was from 40 to 75 years. Mental health and physical functioning were measured six times using SF-36 subscales. Cognitive performance was assessed three times using five cognitive tests assessing verbal and numerical reasoning, verbal memory, and phonemic and semantic fluency. Socio-economic status (SES) and retirement were included as covariates.ResultsHigh cognitive performance was associated with better mental health and physical functioning. Mental health differences associated with cognitive performance widened with age from 39 to 76 years of age, whereas physical functioning differences widened only between 39 and 60 years and not after 60 years of age. SES explained part of the widening differences in mental health and physical functioning before age 60. Cognitive performance was more strongly associated with mental health in retired than non-retired participants, which contributed to the widening differences after 60 years of age.ConclusionsThe strength of cognitive performance in predicting mental and physical health may increase from midlife to early old age, and these changes may be related to SES and age-related transitions, such as retirement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document