scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membranes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e014644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Xiaoyun Chen ◽  
William Yan ◽  
Zhuoting Zhu ◽  
Mingguang He
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ObjectiveThis study was to aggregate the prevalence and risks of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and determine the possible causes of the varied estimates.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe search strategy was designed prospectively. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from inception to July 2016. Reference lists of the included literatures were reviewed as well.Study selectionSurveys published in English language from any population were included if they had a population-based design and reported the prevalence of ERM from retinal photography with or without optical coherence tomography. Eligibility and quality evaluation was conducted independently by two investigators.Data extractionThe literature search generated 2144 records, and 13 population-based studies comprising 49 697 subjects were finally included. The prevalence of ERM and the ORs of potential risk factors (age, sex, myopia, hypertension and so on) were extracted.ResultsThe pooled age-standardised prevalence estimates of earlier ERM (cellophane macular reflex (CMR)), advanced ERM (preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF)) and any ERM were 6.5% (95% CI 4.2% to 8.9%), 2.6% (95% CI 1.8% to 3.4%) and 9.1% (95% CI 6.0% to 12.2%), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, race and photography modality contributed to the variation in the prevalence estimates of PMF, while the WHO regions and image reading methods were associated with the varied prevalence of CMR and any ERM. Meta-analysis showed that only greater age and female significantly conferred a higher risk of ERMs.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ERMs are relatively common among aged population. Race, image taking and reading methodology may play important roles in influencing the large variability of ERM prevalence estimates.

scholarly journals Risk factors for adverse drug reactions in pediatric inpatients: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Santos Andrade ◽  
Adriano da Silva Santos ◽  
Carlos Adriano Santos Souza ◽  
Iza Maria Fraga Lobo ◽  
Wellington Barros da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background: The main objective of the present systematic review is to identify potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through prospective cohort studies in pediatric inpatients. Methods: The data search was done in the following electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE; Scopus; LILACS and Web of Science from the earliest record until 31 May 2015. Two reviewers independently screened each study and one of them assessed the methodological quality according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cohort studies. The data extraction was conducted according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiative for cohort studies. Results: The only risk factor observed in all studies was the increase in the number of prescription drugs. However, other factors were identified, such as the increase in the length of stay or the number of low- or high-risk drugs prescribed, use of general anesthesia and oncological diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of ADR was 16.4% (95% confidence interval: 15.6 to 17.2). The main professional responsible for ADR identification was the pharmacist and the dominant category among the ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, analgesics, antibacterial agents and corticosteroids were the drug classes commonly associated with ADRs. The methodology used in this study was tried to homogenize the data extracted; however, this was not sufficient to correct the discrepancies so it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. Conclusions: The increase in the number of prescription drugs was the main risk factor in this population. However, additional studies are required to identify the risk factors for ADRs in pediatric inpatients.

scholarly journals The prevalence of and risk factors for dysphagia among elderly residents in nursing homes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hu ◽  
Baohua Zheng ◽  
Atipatsa Chiwanda Kaminga ◽  
Huilan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Abstract Background Elderly residents in nursing homes are at high risk for dysphagia. However, the prevalence estimates of this condition and its risk factors among this population were inconsistent. Objective To estimate the prevalence of dysphagia and examine its risk factors among the elderly in nursing homes. Methods Electronic database of PubMed, Web of science, Embase for English language, Wangfang, VIP and CNKI for Chinese language were systematically searched to identify relevant observational studies published not later than July 4, 2021. Studies conducted in nursing homes and reported dysphagia assessment methods were included. Results In total, 43 studies involving 56,746 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-Analysis. The overall pooled crude prevalence of dysphagia was 35.9% (95%CI: 29.0%, 43.4%), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.5%). There was a statistically significant difference in prevalence estimates with respect to study locations, methods of assessment of dysphagia, dysphagia assessment staff, representativeness of samples, and validity of assessment tools. Pooled estimates indicated that male (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.27), cognitive impairment (OR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.59, 3.84), functional limitation (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.84), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.73,4.87), dementia (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.96) and Parkinson’s disease (OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.06, 3.08) were significant risk factors for dysphagia. Conclusions The prevalence of dysphagia in nursing homes is relatively high, and with high heterogeneity. Also, many factors were associated with the risk of dysphagia. Further research is needed to identify strategies for management and interventions targeted at these disorders in this population.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the incidence of postoperative periprosthetic fractures following primary and revision hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Bissias ◽  
Angelos Kaspiris ◽  
Athanasios Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Papoutsis ◽  
Nikolaos Natsioulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Periprosthetic Fractures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Objectives The increasing number of hip arthroplasties (HA), due to the growing elderly population, is associated with the risk of femoral periprosthetic fractures (FPFs). The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for the development of FPFs after HA. Methods A systematic review was conducted in five data bases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Cinahl, ICTRP) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines up to May 2019, using the key words “risk factor,” “periprosthetic fracture,” and “hip replacement or arthroplasty.” Meta-analysis of the clinical outcomes of HA and subgroup analysis based on the factors that were implicated in FPFs was performed. Results Sixteen studies were included (sample size: 599,551 HA patients, 4253 FPFs, incidence 0.71%). Risk factors statistically associated with increased incidence of FPFs were female gender (+ 40%), previous revision arthroplasty surgery (× 3 times), and the presence of rheumatoid arthritis (× 2.1 times), while osteoarthritis (− 57%), cement application (− 59%), and insertion of Biomet (− 68%) or Thompson’s prosthesis (− 75%) were correlated with low prevalence of FPFs. Obesity, cardiac diseases, advanced age, bad general health (ASA grade ≥ 3), and use of Exeter or Lubinus prosthesis were not linked to the appearance of FPFs. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that female gender, rheumatoid arthritis, and revision arthroplasty are major risk factors for the development of FPFs after a HA. In those patients, frequent follow-ups should be planned. Further prospective studies are necessary to clarify all the risk factors contributing to the appearance of FPFs after HA.

scholarly journals The prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Jamal Abdul Nasir ◽  
Amara Javed ◽  
Mariyam Saleem ◽  
Sundas Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Background The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors in Afghanistan through a systematic review and meta–analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library, carried out from inception to April 312,020, without language restriction. Meta–analysis was performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models with inverse variance weighting. The existence of publication bias was initially assessed by visual inspection of a funnel plot and then tested by the Egger regression test. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. This systematic review was reported by following the PRISMA guidelines and the methodological quality of each included study was evaluated using the STROBE guidelines. Results Out of 64 potentially relevant studies, only 06 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in the general population based on population-based studies were 12.13% (95% CI: 8.86–16.24%), based on a pooled sample of 7071 individuals. Results of univariate meta-regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of diabetes increased with mean age, hypertension and obesity. There was no significant association between sex (male vs female), smoking, the methodological quality of included articles or education (illiterate vs literate) and the prevalence of diabetes. Conclusions This meta-analysis reports the 12.13% prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan,with the highest prevalence in Kandahar and the lowest in Balkh province. The main risk factors include increasing age, obesity and hypertension. Community-based care and preventive training programmes are recommended. Trial registration This review was registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020172624).

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Disease Severity and Mortality among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Chidambaram ◽  
Nyan Lynn Tun ◽  
Waqas Haque ◽  
Marie Gilbert Majella ◽  
Ranjith Kumar Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Mortality

Background: Understanding the factors associated with disease severity and mortality in Coronavirus disease (COVID19) is imperative to effectively triage patients. We performed a systematic review to determine the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological factors associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and WHO database for English language articles from inception until May 8, 2020. We included Observational studies with direct comparison of clinical characteristics between a) patients who died and those who survived or b) patients with severe disease and those without severe disease. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two authors independently. Results: Among 15680 articles from the literature search, 109 articles were included in the analysis. The risk of mortality was higher in patients with increasing age, male gender (RR 1.45; 95%CI 1.23,1.71), dyspnea (RR 2.55; 95%CI 1.88,2.46), diabetes (RR 1.59; 95%CI 1.41,1.78), hypertension (RR 1.90; 95%CI 1.69,2.15). Congestive heart failure (OR 4.76; 95%CI 1.34,16.97), hilar lymphadenopathy (OR 8.34; 95%CI 2.57,27.08), bilateral lung involvement (OR 4.86; 95%CI 3.19,7.39) and reticular pattern (OR 5.54; 95%CI 1.24,24.67) were associated with severe disease. Clinically relevant cut-offs for leukocytosis(>10.0 x109/L), lymphopenia(< 1.1 x109/L), elevated C-reactive protein(>100mg/L), LDH(>250U/L) and D-dimer(>1mg/L) had higher odds of severe disease and greater risk of mortality. Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors associated of disease severity and mortality identified in our study may assist in clinical decision-making and critical-care resource allocation for patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors associated with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l6373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Fernando ◽  
Alexandre Tran ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Bram Rochwerg ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Objective To determine associations between important pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 4 February 2019. Primary, unpublished data from the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit database. Study selection criteria English language studies that investigated pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Data extraction PROGRESS (prognosis research strategy group) recommendations and the CHARMS (critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies) checklist were followed. Risk of bias was assessed by using the QUIPS tool (quality in prognosis studies). The primary analysis pooled associations only if they were adjusted for relevant confounders. The GRADE approach (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) was used to rate certainty in the evidence. Results The primary analysis included 23 cohort studies. Of the pre-arrest factors, male sex (odds ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.95, moderate certainty), age 60 or older (0.50, 0.40 to 0.62, low certainty), active malignancy (0.57, 0.45 to 0.71, high certainty), and history of chronic kidney disease (0.56, 0.40 to 0.78, high certainty) were associated with reduced odds of survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Of the intra-arrest factors, witnessed arrest (2.71, 2.17 to 3.38, high certainty), monitored arrest (2.23, 1.41 to 3.52, high certainty), arrest during daytime hours (1.41, 1.20 to 1.66, high certainty), and initial shockable rhythm (5.28, 3.78 to 7.39, high certainty) were associated with increased odds of survival. Intubation during arrest (0.54, 0.42 to 0.70, moderate certainty) and duration of resuscitation of at least 15 minutes (0.12, 0.07 to 0.19, high certainty) were associated with reduced odds of survival. Conclusion Moderate to high certainty evidence was found for associations of pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018104795

scholarly journals Sleep Duration in Relation to Cognitive Function among Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Devore ◽  
Francine Grodstein ◽  
Eva S. Schernhammer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Context: Increasing evidence suggests that circadian and sleep parameters influence cognitive function with aging. Objective: To evaluate observational studies of sleep duration and cognition in older adults. Data Sources: A systematic review of OVID Medline and PsycINFO through September 2015, and review of bibliographies from studies identified. Study Selection: English-language articles reporting observational studies of sleep duration and cognitive function in older populations. Data Extraction: Data extraction by 2 authors using predefined categories of desired information. Results: Thirty-two studies met our inclusion criteria, with nearly two-thirds published in the past 4 years. One-third of studies indicated that extreme sleep durations were associated with worse cognition in older adults. More studies favored an association with long vs. short sleep durations (35 vs. 26% of studies, respectively). Four studies found that greater changes in sleep duration over time were related to lower cognition. Study design and analytic methods were very heterogeneous across studies; therefore, meta-analysis was not undertaken. Limitations: We reviewed English-language manuscripts only, with a qualitative summary of studies identified. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings: Observational studies of sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults have produced mixed results, with more studies suggesting that long (rather than short) sleep durations are related to worse cognition. Studies more consistently indicate that greater changes in sleep duration are associated with poor cognition. Future studies should be prospectively designed, with objective sleep assessment and longer follow-up periods; intervention studies are also needed to identify strategies for promoting cognitive health with aging.

scholarly journals Environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in urban settings: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023359
Author(s):  
Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip ◽  
Mohd Amierul Fikri Mahmud ◽  
Noor Aliza Lodz ◽  
Norzawati Yoep ◽  
Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Susceptible Populations

IntroductionLeptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease can cause sporadic epidemics and recent epidemics have become more apparent in urban localities. There is lack of documented evidence on the specific risk factors of leptospirosis infection among the urbanites, thereby impeding initiatives for prevention in urban settings. We aim to systematically search published articles and synthesise evidence on the risk factors associated with leptospirosis infection among the susceptible populations in urban localities, particularly to identify the risk factors of non-recreational leptospirosis infection.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of observational studies that investigated environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in urban localities. The search will be performed for any eligible articles from selected electronic databases from 1970 until May 2018. The study will include any studies that investigated risk factors of confirmed leptospirosis cases who acquired the infection in urban locality, particularly exposures from the non-recreational and non-water-related activities. Study selection and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. All data will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form and quality of the studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale guideline. Descriptive and meta-analysis will be performed by calculating the standardised median ORs and risk ratios for types of the non-recreational risk factors stratified by social, living conditions and environmental exposures, types of reservoirs and transmissions and types of activities and employments associated with leptospirosis infection in urban locality.Ethics and disseminationNo primary data will be collected thus no formal ethical approval is required. The results will be disseminated though a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018090820.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors for Falls in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J. Gunn ◽  
Paul Newell ◽  
Bernhard Haas ◽  
Jonathan F. Marsden ◽  
Jennifer A. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Background Falls are a significant issue in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), with research demonstrating fall rates of more than 50%. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with falling in people with MS. Data Sources Mixed search methods were used, including computer-based and manual searches. Additionally, hand searches of reference lists and conference abstracts were performed. All literature published from the source's earliest date to January 2012 was included; only full-text English-language sources (or those where a translation was available) were included. Study Selection Eligibility criteria specified articles evaluating any aspect of fall risk in adults with a confirmed MS diagnosis, where the incidence of falling as determined by prospective or retrospective participant report was included. Data Extraction Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers using a written protocol and standardized extraction documentation. Detailed assessment of each article was independently undertaken by both reviewers, including assessment of study quality using an adaptation of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale plus extraction of key data (participant characteristics, fall incidence, and outcomes). Data Synthesis The final review comprised 8 articles with a total of 1,929 participants; 1,037 (53.75%) were classified as fallers. Eighteen different risk factors were assessed within the included studies. Meta-analysis demonstrated an increase in fall risk associated with impairments of balance and cognition, progressive MS, and use of a mobility aid. Narrative review of the qualitative articles and those factors where meta-analysis was not possible also was undertaken. Limitations Variation in assessment, analysis, and reporting methods allowed meta-analysis for only 4 factors. Conclusion There is limited evidence of the factors associated with fall risk in people with MS. Further methodologically robust studies are needed.

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