scholarly journals Regional disparities in the intimate partner sexual violence rate against women in Paraná State, Brazil, 2009-2014: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Biagio Fontes ◽  
Ana Carolina Jacinto Alarcão ◽  
Oscar Kenji Nihei ◽  
Sandra Marisa Pelloso ◽  
Luciano Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The State ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Notifiable Diseases ◽  
South Central ◽  
Gwr Model

ObjectiveEvaluate disparities in a Brazilian state by conducting an analysis to determine whether socioeconomic status was associated with the reported intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) rates against women.DesignA retrospective, ecological study.SettingsData retrieved from the Notifiable Diseases Information System database of the Ministry of Health of Brazil.ParticipantsAll cases of IPSV (n=516) against women aged 15–49 years reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2009 and 2014.Outcome measuresThe data were evaluated through an exploratory analysis of spatial data.ResultsWe identified a positive spatial self-correlation in the IPSV rate (0.7105, P≤0.001). Five high–high-type clusters were identified, predominantly in the Metropolitan, West, South Central, Southwest, Southeast and North Central mesoregions, with only one cluster identified in the North Pioneer mesoregion. Our findings also indicated that the associations between the IPSV rate and socioeconomic predictors (women with higher education, civil registry of legal separations, economically active women, demographic density and average female income) were significantly spatially non-stationary; thus, the regression coefficients verified that certain variables in the model were associated with the IPSV rate in some regions of the state. In addition, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model improved the understanding of the associations between socioeconomic indicators and the IPSV notification rate, showing a better adjustment than the ordinary least square (OLS) model (OLS vs GWR model: R2: 0.95 vs 0.99; Akaike information criterion: 4117.90 vs 3550.61; Moran’s I: 0.0905 vs −0.0273, respectively).ConclusionsIPSV against women was heterogeneous in the state of Paraná. The GWR model showed a better fit and enabled the analysis of the distribution of each indicator in the state, which demonstrated the utility of this model for the study of IPSV dynamics and the indication of local determinants of IPSV notification rates.

scholarly journals Impacto ambiental sobre a saúde humana devido à exposição aos agrotóxicos

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Bruno Pereira do Nascimento ◽  
Renata Cristina Giroto Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Alexsander Pippus Ferreira ◽  
Evanilda Custodio da Silva ◽  
Jardes Arquimedes de Figueiredo Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Worker Health ◽  
The World

É grande a problemática envolta na utilização dos agrotóxicos no Brasil e no mundo, os danos cumulativos a saúde humana é remontada em diversas pesquisas que elucidam diversas alterações sistemáticas que acometem as populações expostas. Sendo necessária a discussão e implementação de políticas públicas efetivas na saúde do trabalhador, a fim de prevenir o risco do desenvolvimento de comorbidades associadas aos agrotóxicos.  Objetivo: Analisar a exposição materna aos agrotóxicos e a ocorrência de prematuridade no estado de Mato Grosso no período de 2008 a 2018. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, ecológico, abrangendo o período de 2011 a 2017, conduzido em municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso. Os óbitos fetais e nascidos vivos com malformação foram obtidos através do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). E as estatísticas da população daquele determinado município foram filtrados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Palavras-chave: agrotóxicos; prematuridade; cuidado pré-natal. Abstract The problem involved in the use of pesticides in Brazil and in the world is great, the cumulative damage to human health is traced in several studies that elucidate several systematic changes that affect the exposed populations. It is necessary to discuss and implement effective public policies on worker health, in order to prevent the risk of developing comorbidities associated with pesticides. Objective: To analyze maternal exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of prematurity in the state of Mato Grosso from 2008 to 2018. Methodology: This is a quantitative, ecological study, covering the period from 2011 to 2017, conducted in municipalities in the State from Mato Grosso. Fetal deaths and live births with malformation were obtained through the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). And the population statistics for that particular municipality were filtered by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).   Keywords: Pesticides; Prematurity; Prenatal Care.  

scholarly journals An ecological study on the association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Mary O. Obiyan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Arthur Kemoli ◽  
Ola B. Al-Batayneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Women are the worst affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), and this impacts negatively on the health of the children they care for. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IPV and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-olds. Methods: This was an ecological study using IPV (physical, sexual, emotional) data extracted from the Demographic Health Survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds of the same countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC (outcome variable) and IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional). The model was adjusted for the country’s gross national income and the percentage of women with secondary or higher education. Partial eta squared (ηp2), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p-values were calculated. Results: Data on ECC in 3-5-year-olds and IPV were available for six low-income-countries, 10 lower-middle-income-countries and four upper-middle-income-countries. The most prevalent form of IPV was physical violence (10.09%). The Democratic Republic of Congo had the highest prevalence of physical violence (45.8%), sexual violence (25.4%), and ECC (80.0%). The strongest association was between the prevalence of ECC and emotional violence (ηp2=0.01), followed by physical violence (ηp2=0.005), and sexual violence (ηp2=0.003). For every 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.28% higher prevalence of ECC, and for every 1% higher percentage of physical violence, there was 0.21% higher prevalence of ECC. On the contrary, for every 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.35% lower prevalence of ECC prevalence. Conclusions: The association between IPV and the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-olds is minor, with the strongest direct association effect being with emotional violence; and there was an inverse association between sexual violence and the prevalence of ECC. These findings need to be studied further.

scholarly journals An ecological study on the association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Mary O. Obiyan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Arthur Kemoli ◽  
Ola B. Al-Batayneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Women are the worst affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), and this impacts negatively on the health of the children they care for. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IPV and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-olds. Methods: This was an ecological study using IPV (physical, sexual, emotional) data extracted from the Demographic Health Survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds of the same countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC (outcome variable) and IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional). The model was adjusted for the country’s gross national income and the percentage of women with secondary or higher education. Partial eta squared (ηp2), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p-values were calculated. Results: Data on ECC in 3-5-year-olds and IPV were available for six low-income-countries, 10 lower-middle-income-countries and four upper-middle-income-countries. The most prevalent form of IPV was physical violence (10.09%). The Democratic Republic of Congo had the highest prevalence of physical violence (45.8%), sexual violence (25.4%), and ECC (80.0%). The strongest association was between the prevalence of ECC and emotional violence (ηp2=0.01), followed by physical violence (ηp2=0.005), and sexual violence (ηp2=0.003). For every 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.28% higher prevalence of ECC, and for every 1% higher percentage of physical violence, there was 0.21% higher prevalence of ECC. On the contrary, for every 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.35% lower prevalence of ECC prevalence. Conclusions: The association between IPV and the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-olds is minor, with the strongest direct association effect being with emotional violence; and there was an inverse association between sexual violence and the prevalence of ECC. These findings need to be studied further.

scholarly journals VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: NOTIFICATION AND ALERT IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Borges Platt ◽  
Jucélia Maria Guedert ◽  
Elza Berger Salema Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
The State ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Notifiable Diseases ◽  
Isolation Measure

ABSTRACT Objective: Social isolation is currently identified as the best way to prevent the infection by the new coronavirus. However, for some social groups, such as children and adolescents, this measure carries a contradiction: the home, which should be the safest place for them, is also a frequent environment of a sad aggravation: domestic violence. This study aims to evaluate the notifications of interpersonal/self-inflicted violence available in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases in the State of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), for the juvenile age group, before and during the new coronavirus pandemics. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study of violence against children and adolescents (from 0 to 19 years) notified by health professionals by completing and entering the occurrence in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the State of Santa Catarina in 11 weeks in which the social isolation measure was instituted as mandatory, comparing with the same period before this measure. Results: During the study period, 136 municipalities in Santa Catarina made 1,851 notifications. There was a decrease of 55.3% of them in the isolation period, and the difficulties encountered in seeking protection and assistance institutions were listed. Conclusions: The society needs to be aware of possible cases of violence in the children and adolescent population. It is important to provide accessible, effective, and safe ways for complaints and notifications, as well as a quick response to the cases, aiming at protecting victims and minimizing damages to prevent the perpetuation of the violence.

Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: Cortisol Levels in Women Victims and their Children

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana G. Boeckel ◽  
Ledo Daruy-Filho ◽  
Manuela Martinez ◽  
Thiago Viola ◽  
Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Development of the geoinformation system for hunting farms.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Р.  Вагизов ◽  
Д.А. Дубов
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Strategy Of Development

Рассматривается необходимость разработки специализированной геоинформационной системы для отрасли охотничьего хозяйства. Указаны основные принципы проектирования и разработки приложения. Определены необходимые требования к проектируемой ГИС и задачи, которые способна решать система. Проведено описание организационной структуры геоинформационной системы и функции, подлежащие визуализации. Составлено схемотехнические решение и визуализация графического интерфейса взаимодействия пользователя с системой. В соответствии со Стратегией развития охотничьего хозяйства РФ до 2030 года, требуется повышать программно-информационное обеспечение охотпользователей. Обоснованием разработки является отсутствие единой системы сбора, хранения и систематизации данных о состоянии охотхозяйств, численности популяций и проведении необходимых мероприятий. Разработка специальной ГИС способна обеспечить поддержку в системе принятия решений человеком в интересах управления территориями охотхозяйств. Разработка продуманного интерактивного интерфейса позволит вывести ГИС на наиболее качественный уровень взаимодействия. Общеизвестно, что пространственные данные являются основой информационного обеспечения геоинформационных систем, в том числе локальных ГИС. Для непрерывного обновления геоданных требуется своевременная актуализация информации на сервере, в которой данная система развернута. Поэтому в качестве технологической основы выбрано проектирование именно веб-приложения, работающего через предустановленный браузер пользователя. Реализация функций данной ГИС, продуманный человеко-машинный интерфейс, включенный в ее состав, позволит использовать данную систему не только охотпользователям, но и заинтересованным специалистам в смежных отраслях: лесное хозяйство, картография, геоинформатика, зоогегография, охотоведение. Разработанная система может использоваться в учебном процессе при подготовке студентов по различным направлениям в высших образовательных учреждениях. Discusses the necessity of developing a specialized geographic information system for hunting groung. Carried out a description of the organizational structure of geoinformation systems and functions to be rendering. Determined necessary requirements for the design of the GIS and the tasks which the system are able to solve. The organizational structure of the geographic information system and the functions to be visualized are described. Compiled technical scheme and visualization GUI. In accordance with the strategy of development of the hunting industry of the Russian Federation until 2030, it is required to increase the software and information support for hunting users. The basis for development is the lack of a unified system of collection, storage and systematization of data on the state of hunting, population and carry out the necessary measures. The development of a special GIS is able to provide support in the system of decision-making by a person in the interests of managing the territories of hunting farms. The development of a thoughtful interactive interface will bring the GIS to the most high-quality level of interaction. It is well known that the spatial data are the basis for information support of geographic information systems, including local GIS. For continuous updates of the geodata requires a timely update information on the server in which the system is deployed. Therefore, as the technological base of the selected design it is the web application running through a preset user's browser. The implementation of the functions of this GIS, intelligent man-machine interface, included in its composition, will allow you to use this system not only hunters, but also to interested professionals in related industries, forestry, cartography, geoinformatics, zoogeography, and hunting. The developed system can be used in educational process for training students in various areas in higher educational institutions.

The U.S. Marine Corps’ Response to Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: An Analysis of the Family Advocacy Program and the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2097439
Author(s):  
Stephanie Bonnes ◽  
Jeffrey H. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Family Advocacy ◽  
Advocacy Program ◽  
Assault Prevention ◽  
The U.S

In this article, we show how the U.S. military treats domestic violence and sexual assault as distinct forms of abuse, which has particular consequences for victims of intimate partner sexual violence. We explore how a specific U.S. military branch, the Marine Corps, complicates these issues further by providing services to intimate partner sexual violence victims from two different programs. Analyzing military orders and documents related to Family Advocacy Program and Sexual Assault Prevention and Response program, interviews with eight military prosecutors, and the experiences of one military lawyer, we examine program and interactional-level factors that shape victim services, advocacy, and processes. We find that there are program differences in specialized services, coordinated services, and potential breaches of confidentiality related to victim’s cases. We recommend that the Marine Corps recognize the intersections of sexual violence and domestic violence and offer more tailored services to victims of intimate partner sexual violence.

scholarly journals Exploring the experience of intimate partner violence in the LGBT community

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Papadakaki ◽  
F Zioti ◽  
Z N Karadimitriou ◽  
M Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract Background The study aimed at measuring the prevalence and identifying the risk factors of intimate partner violence in individuals from the LGBT community. Methods A total of 180 individuals participated in the study, both male and female, aged 18-60 years, living in the broader area of Athens, Greece. Snowball sampling was applied to identify eligible individuals and social media were employed to recruit them. The questionnaire explored the violence victimization and perpetration in their relationships, the preferred reaction to various forms of violence and the role of childhood victimization in adulthood experiences of violence. Results 72.8% were homosexual, 26.7% bisexual, 81.7 % were women with a mean age of 25.2 years (6.0 standard deviation). A total of 67.2% were subjected to verbal abuse before the age of 16, 49.4% to physical violence, 6.7% to sexual violence and 46.7% were neglected. The prevalence of violence victimization was higher than the prevalence of violence perpetration (mean 9.81 and 5.92 respectively). Psychological violence was the most common among other forms of violence, both in victimization (psychological 7.34, physical 1.66, sexual 0.81) and perpetration (psychological 4.48, physical 1.26, sexual 0.18). In hypothetical scenarios of psychological violence, the majority of participants preferred separation and discussion about boundaries as strategies to deal with the situation (56.1 and 45.0 respectively), in scenarios of physical violence they primarily preferred separation and secondarily asking a professional advice (73.3 and 20.6, respectively) and in sexual violence they primarily preferred a discussion about boundaries and secondarily separation (69.4% and 31.7% respectively). Experiences of childhood victimization (p=.006), and female gender (p=.002), were found to be associated at a statistically significant level with violent victimization in adulthood. Conclusions Further research is necessary to identify groups at risk of victimization. Key messages Preventive efforts need to take into account individual sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics that increase the risk of victimization. Experiences of victimization during childhood are highly associated with victimization in adulthood.

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