scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of uncorrected refractive error among an elderly Chinese population in urban China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. bmjopen-2017-021325
Author(s):  
Hehua Ye ◽  
Yiyong Qian ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Xuan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of uncorrected refractive error (URE) in an elderly urban Chinese population in China.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.MethodsThe study was conducted using a cluster random sample of residents aged 50 years or older living in the Jiangning Road subdistrict, Shanghai, China. All participants underwent a standardised interview and eye examinations, including presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between November 2012 and February 2013. URE was defined as an improvement of two lines or more in the BCVA compared with the PVA in the better eye of <20/40.ResultsA total of 1999 subjects (an 82.5% response rate) completed both the questionnaire and ophthalmic examination. The prevalence of URE was 20.1% (95% CI 18.0% to 22.2%) in the study sample. After age standardisation, the prevalence of URE in Chinese people aged 50 years or older was 18.7% (95% CI 17.0% to 20.4%). Under multiple logistic regression analysis, older age (per 1-year increase, OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05) and a lower level of education (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.69) were significantly related to URE. A history of ocular diseases (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.92) was a protective factor for URE.ConclusionsURE is highly prevalent among the elderly urban Chinese population, which should raise awareness of the URE burden in China to meet the Vision 2020 goal to eliminate preventable blindness.

scholarly journals Angka kejadian miopia pada anak usia sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Banjararum Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reny Setyowati ◽  
Indra Tri Mahayana ◽  
Tri Winarti ◽  
Suhardjo Pawiroranu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Refractive disorders begin to affect many children and become a burden of disease in the community due to lack of awareness by parents and screening by health workers. This research was a cross-sectional study and carried out at screening of visual acuity in primary school-aged children. A total of 38 children aged 6 - 12 were the subjects in this study. This research was conducted in Banjararum sub-district, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province in September 2018. The average age of subjects was 8.8 ± 1.4 years. Result showed refraction status before correction (uncorrected refractive error/URE) with mean visual acuity of 0.3 logMAR (equivalent to 6/12 Snellen). The most common refractive disorders were myopia simplex (63.2%) and 38.8% of subjects experienced moderate visual impairment. After being corrected, as much as 97.4% of subjects reached normal vision. Burden of undiagnosed refractive disorders in rural population was high even though the visual disturbance is reversible.

scholarly journals Visual Acuity Changes during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khashayar Mehdizadehkashi ◽  
Shahla Chaichian ◽  
Abolfazl Mehdizadehkashi ◽  
Ebrahim Jafarzadepour ◽  
Zeinab Tamannaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Myopic Shift

In this research, we represent the changes in visual acuity during pregnancy and after delivery. Changes as myopic shift start during second trimester and will be stopped after delivery; however it is obtained that women will have the same refractive error as what they had in the first trimester, after postpartum. So, any change in their spectacle prescription during this period is forbidden. As a result, not only changing in hormones can cause myopic shift in vision, but also overweight has its retributive role. What we are trying to do is to notify gynecologists and optometrists to be aware of these changes, so as to leave spectacle prescription writing to the session after postpartum period.

Risk Factors of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cuenca-Barrales ◽  
Alejandro Molina-Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stable Relationship

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has a high impact on quality of life. However, sexual health has scarcely been investigated. Objective: To describe the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) in women and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with HS and to explore potential risk factors. Patients and Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study using a crowd-sourced online questionnaire spread by the Spanish hidradenitis suppurativa patients’ association (ASENDHI). Results: In total, 393 participants answered the questionnaire. SD was found in 51% (95% CI 45–57%) of women and ED in 60% (95% CI 49–70%) of men. Factors related to SD were education status, patient’s global assessment for disease activity, numeric rating scale for pain and unpleasant odour and the absence of a stable relationship. Factors related to ED were increasing age, the presence of active lesions in the genital area and the number of areas affected by active lesions. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of SD and ED in HS patients. Being in a stable relationship has been a protective factor of SD in women. The results suggest that sexual impairment in HS patients is due, at least in part, to disease activity, symptoms and active lesions.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in Matehuala City, Mexico

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e033995
Author(s):  
Ada-Agustina Sandoval-Carrillo ◽  
Angel Antonio Vértiz-Hernández ◽  
Jose-Manuel Salas-Pacheco ◽  
Olga Edith González-Lugo ◽  
Elizabeth-Irasema Antuna-Salcido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infection Age ◽  
Igm Antibodies

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women in Matehuala City, Mexico; and the associated risk factors.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingMatehuala City, Mexico.Participants311 pregnant women.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSera of women were analysed for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by commercially available immunoassays. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between T. gondii seroprevalence and the characteristics of the pregnant women.ResultsThirteen (4.2%) of the 311 pregnant women studied were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. No anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in anti-T. gondii IgG seropositive women. No association between seropositivity and history of blood transfusion, transplantation, caesarean sections, deliveries, miscarriages or number of pregnancies was found. Logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic, behavioural and housing variables showed that availability of potable water at street represented a risk factor for T. gondii infection (age-adjusted OR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.05 to 4.53; p=0.03), whereas being born in Mexico was a protective factor for infection (age-adjusted OR=0.01; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.35; p=0.008).ConclusionsIn this first study on the seroepidemiology of T. gondii infection in pregnant women in Matehuala, we conclude that the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection is low and similar to those reported in pregnant women in other Mexican cities. However, the seroprevalence found is lower than those reported in pregnant women in other countries in the Americas and Europe. Two risk factors associated with T. gondii infection were identified. Results of the present study may help for the optimal planning of preventive measures against toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors in high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yasemin Balaban ◽  
Abdullah Tarık Aslan ◽  
Fatma Nur Akdoğan Kittana ◽  
Alpaslan Alp ◽  
Osman Dağ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Undercooked Meat

AbstractBackgroundThe renal transplant recipients (RT), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (allo-HSCT), patients with acute hepatitis (AH), and chronic hepatitis C patients (CHC) are at risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. However, seroepidemiology, risk factors to HEV exposure, and the prevalence of HEV viremia has not yet been investigated among these patients in Turkey.Materials&MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 292 consecutive serum samples were tested for HEV immunoglobulin IgG/IgM and HEV RNA using commercial ELISA and in-house nested PCR with Sanger sequencing, respectively. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory data, and risk factors were collected using a questionnaire and hospital database. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors for anti-HEV seropositivity.ResultsAmong all patients (n=292) tested for HEV RNA reactivity, only 2 patients (one RT recipient and one patient with AH) were identified as having HEV3 viremia. HEV viremia rate was 0.6% in whole group. These patients had shown no signs of chronic HEV infection for 6 months and was found to spontaneously seroconverted 6 months after enrollment. Anti-HEV IgG was positive in 29 patients yielding an HEV seroprevalence of 9.9%. Older age (aOR:1.03, 95% CI, 1.00-1.06; p:0.022) and eating undercooked meat (aOR:3.11, 95% CI, 1.08-8.92; p:0.034) were independent risk factors to anti-HEV seropositivity in all patients. Similarly, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (aOR:1.03, 95% CI, 0.99-1.07, p:0.058) and eating undercooked meat (aOR:5.77, 95% CI, 1.49-22.25, p:0.011) were independent risk factors for anti-HEV IgG positivity in the non-immunosuppressive subgroup consisting of AH and CHC patients.ConclusionThe HEV seroprevalence rate was high (9.9%), despite low viremia rate (0.6%) in high-risk patients. The emergence of HEV3 might indicate a serious problem for these patients. Future investigations are needed to elucidate foodborne transmission routes of HEV in Turkey.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error: a cross-sectional Study in Han and Yi adults in Yunnan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Jiantao Cui ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Xia Peng ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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