scholarly journals Retrospective review of tertiary and neurosyphilis cases in Alberta, 1973–2017

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e025995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Landry ◽  
Petra Smyczek ◽  
Ryan Cooper ◽  
Jennifer Gratrix ◽  
Lindsay Bertholet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Tertiary Syphilis ◽  
Common Manifestation

ObjectivesTo review the notification rate and characteristics of tertiary and neurosyphilis cases in Alberta, Canada in the postantibiotic era.MethodsA retrospective review of all neurosyphilis and tertiary syphilis cases reported in Alberta from 1973 to March 2017 was undertaken and cases classified into early neurosyphilis, late neurosyphilis and cardiovascular (CV) syphilis. Variables collected included demographics, sexual partners, HIV status, clinical parameters, symptoms and treatment and distributions were compared between early versus late neurosyphilis and asymptomatic versus symptomatic cases (stratified by early versus late stage). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics V.19.0.Results254 cases were identified; 251 were neurosyphilis and 3 were CV. No cases of gummatous syphilis were reported. Early neurosyphilis accounted for 52.4% (n=133) and 46.1% (n=117) were late neurosyphilis cases; one (0.4%) case with unknown duration. Three outbreaks of infectious syphilis were identified during the study period and a concurrent rise in both early and late neurosyphilis was observed during the outbreak periods. The most common manifestation of symptomatic neurosyphilis was ocular involvement which was more likely in early neurosyphilis. Relative to late neurosyphilis cases, early neurosyphilis cases were more likely to be younger, Caucasian, born in Canada, HIV positive and reporting same sex partners.ConclusionsOur review of tertiary and neurosyphilis cases found that early and late neurosyphilis cases continue to occur in the context of cycling syphilis outbreaks. CV syphilis cases were extremely rare. Ongoing identification of new cases of syphilis and clinical evaluation of cases for complications continues to be important in the context of global resurgence of syphilis.

Australian gay and bisexual men’s online preferences about sex with HIV-positive partners

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett Prestage ◽  
Benjamin Bavinton ◽  
Denton Callander ◽  
Steven P. Philpot ◽  
Iryna Zablotska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safer Sex ◽  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

Background Among gay and bisexual men (GBM), ‘serosorting’ is common and involves restricting sex, or at least condomless sex, to partners of the same HIV status. The prevalence of men conveying their serosorting preferences regarding partners they meet online remains unclear. Methods: This study reviewed 57 178 Australian online profiles obtained directly from a popular gay website. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with preferences for meeting HIV-positive partners. Results: Men could indicate their preferences from a list of 22 types of partners; 4358 profiles (7.6%) indicated an interest in meeting HIV-positive men. There were 1959 profiles (3.4%) listing a preference for 21 of the 22 types of men, including 1498 men (2.6%) that specifically excluded HIV-positive men. Men who specifically excluded HIV-positive men on their profiles were younger (mean age 34.7 years), less likely to identify as gay (25.6%) and more likely to always prefer ‘safer sex’ (55.3%) than those who specifically included them (mean age 39.6 years; 62.8% gay-identified; 30.9% preferred safer sex; P < 0.001). Men who specifically excluded HIV-positive partners on their profiles were also more likely to live outside major capital cities (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Being younger, living outside major cities, not identifying as gay, always preferring safer sex and either Caucasian or Asian background were associated with excluding HIV-positive men as potential sex partners. These factors may reflect lower social and community engagement with the gay community. The disinclination to include HIV-positive men as potential sex partners may be due to fear of infection, stigma or poor information about HIV.

HIV risk factors among patients with tuberculosis — Botswana 1999

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Talbot ◽  
Thomas A Kenyon ◽  
Themba L Moeti ◽  
Gary Hsin ◽  
Laura Dooley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Regular Partner ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Prevention Strategies ◽  
Hiv Negative

To identify factors associated with HIV in Botswana, a standardized questionnaire was administered to 135 tuberculosis patients with known HIV status. HIV-positive patients were more likely than HIV-negative patients to: be female (45% vs 26% (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR)=3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-12.7)); be 26-35 years old (50% vs 19% (aPOR=2.7, CI=0.7-10.7)); be unmarried (91% vs 71% (aPOR=13.3, CI=2.5-72.7)); have higher income (24% vs 10% (aPOR=8.2, CI=1.6-42.9)); report separation from spouse/partner for work (63% vs 52% (aPOR=1.8, CI=0.5-6.2)); have 2 sex partners other than their regular partner (82% vs 67% (aPOR=1.8, CI=0.5-7.5)); and state that they or their partner drank alcohol before sex (77% vs 55% (aPOR=6.8, CI=1.9-24.1)). Only 22% of respondents used condoms during all of their past 10 sexual encounters. These data provide information for HIV prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Genital herpes and HIV status: a clinical study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Shashikant Balkrishna Dhumale ◽  
Shimpa R. Sharma ◽  
Raghvendra A. Bohara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genital Herpes ◽  
Secondary Syphilis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Healing Period

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Genital herpes (GH) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) increases risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Some risk factors like age, sex, previous genital ulcerative disease (GUD), number of sex partners and clinical presentations like number and size of erosions, number of episodes, inter-episode duration, healing period with acyclovir &amp; co-STDs are studied with reference to HIV status<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a longitudinal, observational study comparing 25 patients each in HIV positive and negative groups of GH between 15-60 years of age in both genders. Chi square test (or Fisher’s exact test) for nominal data and ‘t’ test for continuous data was used in case of association. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison of mean ranks and median.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Adolescents were 18%. HIV positivity was significantly associated with age group above 45 years, multiple sex partners, average number of episodes &amp; the duration between them and number of erosions (p &lt;0.05). Healing period with acyclovir in HIV positive patients was significantly longer than in HIV negative patients. Secondary syphilis a co-STD had significant association with HIV positivity. Though previous GUD alone was not associated with HIV positivity significantly; however GUD in patients with multiple sexual partners showed significant association with HIV<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> High proportion of adolescents amongst GH patients is notable. Adolescents &amp; older patients above 45 years should not be neglected in STD &amp; HIV awareness. Risk factors must be interviewed with patients. Clinical parameters &amp; risk factors, differs with HIV status<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p> </p>

Can Same-Sex Partners Consent to Organ Donation?

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Roderick T. Chen ◽  
Alexandra K. Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Civil Union ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Domestic Partnerships ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Estate Law

As more same-sex couples enter into civil unions and domestic partnerships, the courts and other institutions are beginning to consider the implications of these partnerships in several areas of the law. A Georgia appeals court, for example, recently published the first opinion addressing this issue, ruling that a civil union of two women, obtained in Vermont, was not equivalent to a marriage for the purposes of interpreting a child custody agreement entered into in Georgia. As many observers predicted, the enactment of legislation recognizing same-sex partnerships has profound implications on the practice of family law, trust and estate law and healthcare law.This Article focuses on an area of healthcare law in which the legal status of a civil union or domestic partnership could have significant consequences—organ donations. In particular, it explores whether a civil union or domestic partner is an appropriate party to consent to an organ donation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among HIV positive perinatal women on follow-up at Gondar town health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leul Belachew Zewdu ◽  
Mebratu Mitiku Reta ◽  
Niguse Yigzaw ◽  
Koku Sisay Tamirat
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Perinatal Women ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Background Suicidal behaviors cover a range or continuum of acts from suicidal ideations to a series of actions, commonly known as suicidal attempts or deliberate self-harms. Though different mental disorders related studies were conducted among HIV/AIDS patients, there is a scarcity of information about the magnitude and determinants of suicidal thoughts among perinatal women. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among HIV positive perinatal women in the study setting. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among perinatal women on treatment to the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS at Gondar town health facilities. A total of 422 HIV-positive perinatal women were selected systematically and the data collected through medical record review and interview using a Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) toolkit. A binary and multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. An Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was computed to see the strength of association between outcome and independent variables. Characteristics having less than 0.05 p-value had been taken as significant factors associated with the outcome of interest. Result The prevalence of suicidal ideation was found to be 8.2% (95% CI; 5.7 to 11.3) and with a standard error of 0.013. Perinatal depression (AOR=4.40, 95%CI: 1.63 11.85), not disclosed HIV status (AOR=3.73, 95%CI: 1.44 9.65), and unplanned pregnancy (AOR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.21 6.21) were significant factors associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusion The magnitude of suicidal ideation among HIV positive perinatal women was found to be low. Perinatal depression, non-disclosed HIV status, and unplanned pregnancy were factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation. This finding suggests the integration of mental health services with maternal and HIV support programs.

scholarly journals Low socioeconomic status is associated with self-reported HIV positive status among young MSM in Brazil and Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago S. Torres ◽  
Lara E. Coelho ◽  
Kelika A. Konda ◽  
E. Hamid Vega-Ramirez ◽  
Oliver A. Elorreaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Young Msm

Abstract Background Despite efforts to stop HIV epidemic in Latin America, new HIV cases continue to increase in the region especially among young MSM (YMSM). This study aims to assess if sociodemographic characteristics are associated with self-reported HIV positive status among YMSM from three Latin American countries. Methods Cross-sectional web-based survey advertised on dating apps (Grindr and Hornet) and Facebook in Brazil, Mexico and Peru. For this analysis, we included YMSM aged 18–24 years who self-reported their HIV status. We used multivariable logistic regression models for each country separately to verify if sociodemographic characteristics (race, education and income) were associated with HIV self-reported status after adjusting for behavior characteristics (sexual attraction and steady partner). Results Among 43,687 MSM who initiated the questionnaire, 27,318 (62.5%) reported their HIV status; 7001 (25.6%) of whom were YMSM. Most YMSM (83.4%) reported an HIV test in the past year, and 15.7% reported an HIV positive status in Peru, 8.4% in Mexico and 7.7% in Brazil. In adjusted models, low-income was associated with higher odds of self-reported HIV positive status in Brazil (aOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.01–1.75) and Peru (aOR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.02–2.40), but not in Mexico. Lower education was associated with higher odds of self-reported HIV positive status only in Brazil (aOR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.05–1.75). Conclusions In this large, cross-country study, self-reported HIV positive status among YMSM was high. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher odds of self-reported HIV positive status in Brazil and Peru. There is an urgent need for HIV prevention interventions targeting YMSM, and efforts to address low-income YMSM are especially needed in Peru and Brazil.

scholarly journals 1655. Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in a Large Healthcare System

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S816-S816
Author(s):  
Travis Denmeade ◽  
William Smith ◽  
Banks Kooken ◽  
Michael Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background The US has seen a rise in the proportion of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) even though the yearly incidence of new TB cases has been in decline. The purpose of this study was to analyze incidence of extrapulmonary TB at Atrium Health, a large non-profit health system in the Southeastern US. Methods Retrospective chart review of 94 adult patients with culture confirmed extrapulmonary TB between 2008-2019. Individuals younger than 18 years were excluded from analysis. The primary objective was to examine incidence of extrapulmonary TB and compare it to that reported in the literature. Secondary objectives included determination of sites of extrapulmonary disease and associated patient characteristics including HIV status, race, ethnicity, and birthplace. Results 237 patients were identified as having confirmed TB infection from 2008-2019 in a retrospective analysis within the Atrium Health System. 94 (40%) were found to have extrapulmonary disease; 42 (45%) with concomitant pulmonary disease. The patients were 55% male, 40% African American, 21% Hispanic or Latino, and 51% US-born. Median age was 44 years (range 20-62). The most common sites of extrapulmonary TB were lymphatic (35%), pleural (24%), GI/Peritoneal (12%), CNS (10%), and Bone/Joint (10%). Lymphatic involvement was 40% cervical, 19% intrathoracic, and 16% axillary. 66% of skeletal disease was vertebral. Other sites included GU, pericardial, skin, and disseminated disease (5%). 37% were HIV positive, 18% with unknown HIV status as they were never tested. Information regarding patient’s race, ethnicity, and birthplace were unknown for 2 patients. The percentage of extrapulmonary cases were 29% in 2008, 39% in 2012, 38% in 2016, and 49% in 2019. Conclusion Lymphatic and pleural involvement were the most common extrapulmonary sites. Of those tested, 37% were HIV positive but there was a significant portion never tested showing a need for increased testing. The proportion of extrapulmonary TB cases since 2008 is higher at 40% compared to the 31% reported in the United States. There has been a rise in the proportion of extrapulmonary TB within our healthcare system and deserves further analysis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Same-Sex Couples and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ning Hsieh ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Kenneth M Langa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Objectives We provide the first nationally representative population-based study of cognitive disparities among same-sex and different-sex couples in the United States. Methods We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2016). The sample included 23,669 respondents (196 same-sex partners and 23,473 different-sex partners) aged 50 and older who contributed to 85,117 person-period records (496 from same-sex partners and 84,621 from different-sex partners). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Mixed-effects discrete-time hazard regression models were estimated to predict the odds of cognitive impairment. Results The estimated odds of cognitive impairment were 78% (p &lt; .01) higher for same-sex partners than for different-sex partners. This disparity was mainly explained by differences in marital status and, to a much lesser extent, by differences in physical and mental health. Specifically, a significantly higher proportion of same-sex partners than different-sex partners were cohabiting rather than legally married (72.98% vs. 5.42% in the study sample), and cohabitors had a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment than their married counterparts (odds ratio = 1.53, p &lt; .001). Discussion The findings indicate that designing and implementing public policies and programs that work to eliminate societal homophobia, especially among older adults, is a critical step in reducing the elevated risk of cognitive impairment among older same-sex couples.

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