scholarly journals Ethnic disparities in prevalence and patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e028770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Ming Wang ◽  
Chao Wu ◽  
Allison Rabkin Golden ◽  
Cai Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking

ObjectivesThis study examines ethnic disparities in prevalence and patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence in rural southwest China.DesignThis was a cross-sectional design.SettingThis study was conducted in rural Yunnan Province of China.Participants7027 consenting individuals aged ≥35 years among Han majority and four ethnic minority groups (Na Xi, Li Shu, Dai and Jing Po) participated in this study. Information about participants’ demographic characteristics as well as smoking habits and an assessment of nicotine dependence with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was obtained using a standard questionnaire.ResultsMales had significantly higher prevalence of current smoking than females (64.8% and 44.4%, p<0.01). Among current smokers, the prevalence of nicotine dependence was significantly higher in males compared with females (19.9% and 7.1%, p<0.01). Jing Po men and women had the highest prevalence of current smokers (72.2% vs 23.1%, p<0.01), whereas the highest prevalence of nicotine dependence was found in male Dai current smokers and female Li Shu current smokers (44.8% vs 32.5%, p<0.01). Filtered cigarettes were the most popular form of tobacco used across all five ethnic groups. Over 75% of tobacco users initiated smoking and regularly smoked during adolescence, and those of minority ethnicity smoked regularly at a younger age than those of Han descent (p<0.05). Individuals in all five ethnic groups with higher levels of education had a lower probability of current smoking status (p<0.05), whereas a negative association of level of education with nicotine dependence was only observed in current smokers in the Han majority and Dai ethnic minority groups. Among Han majority current smokers, higher annual household income was associated with a higher risk of nicotine dependence (p<0.05).ConclusionFuture interventions to control tobacco use should be tailored to address ethnicity and socioeconomic factors.

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among ethnic minority groups in England: results of a national household survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. CRAWFORD ◽  
U. NUR ◽  
K. McKENZIE ◽  
P. TYRER
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Socio-cultural factors impact on the extent of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide but the relative importance of these factors among people from different ethnic groups in Britain has not been explored. We examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation, the incidence of attempted suicide, and the extent of service utilization following attempted suicide among representative samples of White, Irish, Black Caribbean, Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani individuals living in England.Method. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the EMPIRIC study, a cross-sectional survey of 4281 adults aged 16–74 years, living in private households in England.Results. Lifetime suicidal ideation was generally lower in ethnic minority groups but higher among those born in the UK than those who migrated to England as adults. Risk factors for suicidal ideation have much in common across different ethnic groups; current symptoms of mental distress being the most important. White British and Irish respondents were twice as likely to receive medical attention following attempted suicide than those from other ethnic groups.Conclusions. Services need to adapt in order to ensure that people from ethnic minorities receive appropriate psychological and medical care following attempted suicide.

scholarly journals Ethnic disparities in incident SARS-CoV-2 infections became wider during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: a population-based longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Coyer ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Janke Schinkel ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Henrike Galenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Second Wave

Background Surveillance data in high-income countries have reported more frequent SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses in ethnic minority groups. We examined the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants in six ethnic groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Methods We analyzed participants enrolled in the population-based HELIUS cohort, who were tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and answered COVID-19-related questions between June 24-October 9, 2020 (after the first wave) and November 23, 2020-March 31, 2021 (during the second wave). We modeled SARS-CoV-2 incidence from January 1, 2020-March 31, 2021 using Markov models adjusted for age and sex. We compared incidence between ethnic groups over time and identified determinants of incident infection within ethnic groups. Findings 2,497 participants were tested after the first wave; 2,083 (83.4%) were tested during the second wave. Median age at first visit was 54 years (interquartile range=44-61); 56.6% were female. Compared to Dutch-origin participants (15.9%), cumulative SARS-CoV-2 incidence was higher in participants of South-Asian Surinamese (25.0%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.66;95%CI=1.16-2.40), African Surinamese (28.9%;aHR=1.97;95%CI=1.37-2.83), Turkish (37.0%;aHR=2.67;95%CI=1.89-3.78), Moroccan (41.9%;aHR=3.13;95%CI=2.22-4.42), and Ghanaian (64.6%;aHR=6.00;95%CI=4.33-8.30) origin. Compared to those of Dutch origin, differences in incidence became wider during the second versus first wave for all ethnic minority groups (all p for interaction<0.05), except Ghanaians. Having household members with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, larger household size, and low health literacy were common determinants of SARS-CoV-2 incidence across groups. Interpretation SARS-CoV-2 incidence was higher in the largest ethnic minority groups of Amsterdam, particularly during the second wave. Prevention measures, including vaccination, should be encouraged in these groups.

scholarly journals Ethnic Disparities in the Development of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in a UK Multi-Ethnic Population with Diabetes: An Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Manjula D. Nugawela ◽  
Sarega Gurudas ◽  
Andrew Toby Prevost ◽  
Rohini Mathur ◽  
John Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
General Practices

There is little data on ethnic differences in incidence of DR and sight threatening DR (STDR) in the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine ethnic differences in the development of DR and STDR and to identify risk factors of DR and STDR in people with incident or prevalent type II diabetes (T2DM). We used electronic primary care medical records of people registered with 134 general practices in East London during the period from January 2007–January 2017. There were 58,216 people with T2DM eligible to be included in the study. Among people with newly diagnosed T2DM, Indian, Pakistani and African ethnic groups showed an increased risk of DR with Africans having highest risk of STDR compared to White ethnic groups (HR: 1.36 95% CI 1.02–1.83). Among those with prevalent T2DM, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Caribbean ethnic groups showed increased risk of DR and STDR with Indian having the highest risk of any DR (HR: 1.24 95% CI 1.16–1.32) and STDR (HR: 1.38 95% CI 1.17–1.63) compared with Whites after adjusting for all covariates considered. It is important to optimise prevention, screening and treatment options in these ethnic minority groups to avoid health inequalities in diabetes eye care.

scholarly journals Social capital and dietary patterns in three ethnic minority groups native to Yunnan Province, Southwest China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256078
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Zhitao Liu ◽  
Wenmin Hu ◽  
Xinguang Chen ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups

Background Few studies have focused on the influencing factors of dietary practices among ethnic minority groups in China, particularly from a social capital perspective. Methods Between May and September 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among adults (n = 1,813) from three ethnic minority communities (A Chang, De Ang and Jing Po) in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Dietary intakes during the past 12 months were measured with a 100-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and two forms of social capital (bonding and bridging) were measured using the validated Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCS-16). Principal component factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns from 20 food groups. Multivariate linear regressions were used to examine the associations between social capital and dietary patterns. Results Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: the traditional and the modern. The traditional pattern was characterized by high consumptions of tubers, poultry, rice, fruits, vegetables and low consumptions of oil and salt, whereas the modern pattern was highly correlated with egg, nut, beverage, snack and oil consumptions. After adjusted for potential confounders, the modern pattern was positively associated with bonding capital (β = 0.066; 95%CI: 0.058, 0.075) and negatively associated with bridging capital (β = -0.017; 95%CI: -0.024, -0.010). Conclusion In conclusion, an unhealthy dietary pattern was identified among the ethnic minority groups in Southwest China. The influences of people’s social connections on dietary behaviors should be considered in designing and implementing nutrition intervention programs for the population.

scholarly journals Do sex differences in the prevalence of ECG abnormalities vary across ethnic groups living in the Netherlands? A cross-sectional analysis of the population-based HELIUS study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e039091
Author(s):  
Renee Bolijn ◽  
C Cato ter Haar ◽  
Ralf E Harskamp ◽  
Hanno L Tan ◽  
Jan A Kors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Ecg Abnormalities

ObjectivesMajor ECG abnormalities have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in asymptomatic populations. However, sex differences in occurrence of major ECG abnormalities have been poorly studied, particularly across ethnic groups. The objectives were to investigate (1) sex differences in the prevalence of major and, as a secondary outcome, minor ECG abnormalities, (2) whether patterns of sex differences varied across ethnic groups, by age and (3) to what extent conventional cardiovascular risk factors contributed to observed sex differences.DesignCross-sectional analysis of population-based study.SettingMulti-ethnic, population-based Healthy Life in an Urban Setting cohort, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Participants8089 men and 11 369 women of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan origin aged 18–70 years without CVD.Outcome measuresAge-adjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to study sex differences in prevalence of major and, as secondary outcome, minor ECG abnormalities in the overall population, across ethnic groups and by age-groups (18–35, 36–50 and >50 years).ResultsMajor and minor ECG abnormalities were less prevalent in women than men (4.6% vs 6.6% and 23.8% vs 39.8%, respectively). After adjustment for conventional risk factors, sex differences in major abnormalities were smaller in ethnic minority groups (OR ranged from 0.61 in Moroccans to 1.32 in South-Asian Surinamese) than in the Dutch (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.65). Only in South-Asian Surinamese, women did not have a lower odds than men (OR 1.32; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.84). The pattern of smaller sex differences in ethnic minority groups was more pronounced in older than in younger age-groups.ConclusionsThe prevalence of major ECG abnormalities was lower in women than men. However, sex differences were less apparent in ethnic minority groups. Conventional risk factors did not contribute substantially to observed sex differences.

Ethnic Disparities in Dental Caries among Six-Year-Old Children in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. van der Tas ◽  
Lea Kragt ◽  
Jaap J.S. Veerkamp ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ◽  
Henriette A. Moll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Oral Health Behaviour ◽  
Dutch Children

The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in caries prevalence of children from ethnic minority groups compared to native Dutch children and the influence of socio-economic status (SES) and parent-reported oral health behaviour on this association. The study had a cross-sectional design, embedded in a population-based prospective multi-ethnic cohort study. 4,306 children with information on caries experience, belonging to 7 different ethnic groups, participated in this study. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index was assessed at the age of 6 and categorized in two ways for analysis: children without caries (dmft = 0) versus any caries experience (dmft >0) and children without caries (dmft = 0) versus children with mild caries (dmft = 1-3) or severe caries (dmft >3). Compared to native Dutch children, children with a Surinamese-Hindustani, Surinamese-Creole, Turkish, Moroccan, and Cape Verdean background had significantly higher odds for dental caries. Especially the Surinamese-Hindustani, Turkish, and Moroccan group had significantly higher odds for severe dental caries. Household income and educational level of the mother explained up to 43% of the association between ethnicity and dental caries, whereas parent-reported oral health behaviour did not mediate the association. Alarming disparities in caries prevalence between different ethnic (minority) groups exist, which cannot be fully explained by social inequalities. Public health strategies can apply this new knowledge and specifically focus on the reduction of ethnic disparities in oral health. More research is needed to explain the high caries prevalence among different ethnic minority groups.

scholarly journals Perceived social support and diet quality among ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yuan Ruan ◽  
Wenmin Hu ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Jiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Intake

Abstract Background Social support is an important health determinant and may affect dietary behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between perceived social support and the Chinese Diet Balance Index-16 (DBI-16) among ethnic minority groups in Southwest China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2019 and August 2020 among six ethnic minority groups native to Yunnan Province (n = 3564). Perceived social support from family, friends and significant others were measured with the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Dietary data were obtained using a 100-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a lifestyle questionnaire. Lower Bound Score (LBS), Higher Bound Score (HBS) and Diet Quality Distance (DQD) which represent inadequate, excessive and unbalanced food intake respectively were calculated to measure the compliance with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese 2016. Results One thousand four hundred ninety-six men and two thousand sixty-eight women were included. 51.2% of the subjects had moderate or high levels of inadequate intake; 21.3% had moderate or high levels of excessive intake; and 74.0% had moderate or high levels of unbalanced dietary intake. With potential confounders adjusted, support from family was negatively associated with inadequate intake, while support from friends was positively associated with inadequate and excessive intake. No significant associations were found between perceived social support from significant others and diet quality indicators. Conclusions An unbalanced diet is common among adults of the ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Social support should be taken into account in designing nutrition interventions rather than focusing solely on individuals.

scholarly journals The sustainable development of the ethnic minorities in Vietnam: The Indian experience and policy implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Thanh Hang Pham ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The Sustainable Development

India is a country with diverse ethnic groups. To ensure special rights and benefits for ethnic minority groups aim at the sustainable development of the ethnic groups, the Indian Government has regulations on preferential treatment in terms of policies, capital provision, education and employment opportunities included in its Constitution. In addition to providing legal protection to minorities in the Constitution, the Government also implements national projects to promote socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas, establishing various agencies to manage issues of the groups. These are useful recommendations for Vietnam in ensuring the rights of ethnic minorities. In this article, the author will focus on clarifying the basic contents of Indian Government for ensuring the rights of ethnic minority groups and drawing some policy suggestions for Vietnam.

Ethnic Disparities in Dental Caries among Adolescents in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 002203452097654
Author(s):  
S.C. Wu ◽  
X.X. Ma ◽  
Z.Y. Zhang ◽  
E.C.M. Lo ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Sugary Beverages

Comprehensive research on ethnic disparities in dental caries in China is limited. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to compare the levels of dental caries in adolescents between the Han ethnic group and ethnic minority groups in China and to explore the risk indicators for dental caries within ethnic subgroups. Data from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey in 2015, which covered all 31 province-level administrative divisions in mainland China, were used. The dental caries status in the permanent dentition of adolescents aged 12, 13, 14, and 15 y was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DFMT) score, and sociodemographic characteristics and oral health–related behaviors were also collected. A total of 118,601 adolescents were included, with ethnic minority groups accounting for 13.15%. Of the Han and minority groups, the standardized prevalence of dental caries experience was 40.58% and 47.67%, and the mean DMFT scores were 0.97 and 1.28, respectively. According to the multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the caries status of minorities was more severe than Han adolescents (adjusted prevalence rate ratio [PRR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.18). This disparity was greater among adolescents who lived in rural areas, had mid-level economic status, and frequently consumed sugary beverages. After propensity score matchings, Uygur (PRR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25–1.67), Tibetan (PRR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.3–1.48), and Yi (PRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04–1.48) adolescents were significantly more likely to have caries than Han adolescents. Subgroup analyses revealed that gender, age, location of residence, economic status, region, consumption of sweet snacks and sugary beverages, and dental visit pattern were significantly associated with dental caries within ethnic minorities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document