Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionPrevious research demonstrated that substance use continues to be one of the most complex and prevalent problems among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people. A number of studies were conducted to characterise substance use patterns in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first known review in Canada characterising substance use disorders on ACB people.This scoping review seeks to answer the following research questions: What characterises substance use disorders among ACB people in Canada? What are the different types and prevalence of substance use among ACB people in Canada? Do ACB people in Canada use more than one substance? What factors are associated with substance use among ACB people in Canada? What are the health and social impacts of substance use in ACB people in Canada?Methods and analysesThis study will use the methodological framework for scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search electronic bibliographic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We will limit our search to English articles published between 2000and2019. In addition, we will conduct a grey literature search. Two investigators will independently screen citations and full-text articles. Our findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for scoping reviews guidelines. We will provide a descriptive summary of the studies and summarise the findings with respect to the outcomes and report any gaps that might require further investigation.Ethics and disseminationOur proposed study does not involve human participants; therefore, research ethics approval is not required. This study will provide evidence that will inform the development of strategies for appropriate interventions, as well as policy and further research. The results will be disseminated through publications in open access peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific meetings and to the lay public.

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Interventions to integrate care for people with serious mental illness and substance use disorders: a systematic scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e031122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Richardson ◽

Lauralie Richard ◽

Kathryn Gunter ◽

Sarah Derrett

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Substance Use ◽

Integrated Care ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Serious Mental Illness ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Integrate Care ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Review Protocol ◽

Empirical Investigations

IntroductionPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) and/or substance use disorders (SUDs) have an elevated risk of premature mortality compared with the general population. This has been attributed to higher rates of chronic illness among these individuals, but also to inequities in healthcare access and treatment. Integrated care has the potential to improve the health of people with SMI/SUDs. The aims of this scoping review are to: (1) identify empirical investigations of interventions designed to integrate care for people with SMI/SUDs; (2) describe the underlying theories, models and frameworks of integrated care that informed their development; and (3) determine the degree to which interventions address dimensions of a comprehensive and validated framework of integrated care.Methods and analysisGuidelines for best practice and reporting of scoping reviews will be followed using the framework of Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses scoping review checklist. An iterative and systematic search of peer-reviewed publications reporting empirical research findings will be conducted. This literature will be identified by searching five databases: Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid) and Scopus. The search will be restricted to articles published between January 2000 and April 2019. Two reviewers will independently screen publications in two successive stages of title and abstract screening, followed by full-text screening of eligible publications. A tabular summary and narrative synthesis will be completed using data extracted from each included study. A framework synthesis will also be conducted, with descriptions of interventions mapped against a theoretical framework of integrated care.Ethics and disseminationThis review will identify the extent and nature of empirical investigations evaluating interventions to integrate care for people with SMI/SUDs. Ethical approval was not required. A team of relevant stakeholders, including people with lived experience of mental health conditions, has been established. This team will be engaged throughout the review and will ensure that the findings are widely disseminated. Dissemination will include publication of the review in a peer-reviewed journal. The review protocol has been registered through Open Science Framework and can be accessed athttps://osf.io/njkph/

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Indicators of Drug-Related Community Impacts of Open Drug Scenes: A Scoping Review

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000519886 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Mohammad Bagher Saberi Zafarghandi ◽

Sahar Eshrati ◽

Vahid Rashedi ◽

Meroe Vameghi ◽

Reza Arezoomandan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Public Space ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Drug Users ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Major Change ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Public Nuisance ◽

Community Impacts ◽

English Articles

Introduction: Places where people deal and/or use drugs publicly are known as open drug scenes (ODSs). Drug-related community impacts (DRCIs) refer to drug-related issues that negatively influence public and individual health, communities, businesses, and recreational and public space enjoyment. There are no well-established criteria for identification of DRCIs. We therefore performed a scoping review of literature to determine DRCIs indicators associated with ODSs. Methods: The review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScP). We searched English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from 1990 to 2021. The keywords were drug-related crime, drug-related offense, misconduct, social marginalization, homeless drug users, open drug scene, drug-related street disorder, public nuisance, and community impact. Results: Sixty-four studies were identified. Twenty-five studies were included. Two studies (8%) were about drug-related public nuisance, 1 (4%) considered drug-related social problems, 2 (8%) focused on drug-related social disorder, and 18 studies (72%) discussed indicators of community impacts such as crime, drug-related litter, safety, noise, and drug use in public. Two studies (8%) included the frequency of drug use in ODSs. Discussion: DRCI indicators are heterogenic, and various factors affect the indicators. The factors include social mores, political discourse, and historical approaches to dealing with and using drugs. Some societies do not tolerate the existence of ODSs. In contrast, many countries have adopted harm reduction programs to manage DRCIs. Identified DRCI indicators were drug using and dealing in public, drug-related litter, crime, drug-related loitering, street-based income generation activities, noise, and unsafety feelings in inhabitants. To solve the problems associated with DRCIs and to make a major change in ODSs, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of the economic conditions (e.g., employment opportunities), amendment (e.g., determine the limits of criminalization in drug use), and adoption of social policies (e.g., providing low-threshold and supportive services for homeless drug users).

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Substance use, and substance use disorder, in relation to COVID-19: Protocol for a scoping review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-70872/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Navin Kumar ◽

Kamila Janmohamed ◽

Kate Nyhan ◽

Silvia S Martins ◽

Magdalena Cerda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

World Health ◽

Original Research ◽

Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is creating severe issues for healthcare and broad social structures, exposing societal vulnerabilities. Among the populations affected by COVID-19 are people engaged in substance use, such as people who smoke, vape (e-cigarette use), use opioids, cannabis, alcohol, psychoactive prescription drugs or have a substance use disorder (SUD). Monitoring substance use and SUD during the pandemic is essential, as people who engage in substance use or present with SUD are at greater risk for COVID-19, and the economic and social changes resulting from the pandemic may aggravate SUD. There have been several reviews focused on COVID-19 in relation to substance use and SUD. Reviews generally did not consider on a large range of substance use variants or SUDs. We plan a scoping review that seeks to fill gaps in our current understanding of substance use and SUD, in the COVID-19 era.Methods: A scoping review focused on substance use and SUD, in relation to COVID-19, will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, PsycINFO, PubMed, Middle Eastern Central Asian Studies, CINAHL Complete, and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, HSRProj, governmental websites and clinical trials registries (e.g. ClinicalTrial.gov, World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and International Standard Randomized Con-trolled Trial Number registry). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies investigating substance use and SUD, in relation to COVID-19 in all populations and settings will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g. frequencies) and qualitative (e.g. content and thematic analysis) methods.Discussion: Original research is urgently needed to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 on substance use and SUD. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap.Systematic Review registrations: Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework (osf/io/tzgm5).

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Scoping review protocol to understand the conceptualisation, implementation and practices of health promotion within the context of primary healthcare in Africa

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e049084

Author(s):

Miriam Nkangu ◽

Pamela Obegu ◽

Constantine Asahngwa ◽

Veronica Shiroya ◽

Ronald Gobina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Dissemination Strategy ◽

Ottawa Charter ◽

Ovid Medline ◽

Scoping Reviews

IntroductionThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of health promotion in empowering and sustaining communities, as well as the need to build resilient health systems and work collectively with other sectors to protect and promote health. The WHO has mainstreamed health promotion in the Global health agenda. However, the definition and practices of health promotion in Africa are not well understood and documented, with often, an interchangeable use of the concept of health promotion and health prevention. This scoping review is to explore how health promotion is defined and practised in Africa and identify gaps in its implementation within the framework of the Ottawa Charter.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will employ the approach described by Arksey and O’Malley in 2005. The approach consists of five stages: (1) formulating the research questions, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting eligible studies, (4) charting the data and (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results. This protocol employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The review will apply the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to present the results. The scoping review will adapt the five principles set forth in the Ottawa Charter to categorise the outcomes and uses its strategies to define the interventions. Data bases searched are Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS, CABI, JBI Evidence Synthesis and grey literature. The database last searched was January 2021.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethics approval. Our dissemination strategy includes peer review publication, policy brief, presentation at conferences and relevant stakeholders.

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Substance use and substance use disorder, in relation to COVID-19: protocol for a scoping review

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01605-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Navin Kumar ◽

Kamila Janmohamed ◽

Kate Nyhan ◽

Silvia S. Martins ◽

Magdalena Cerda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Grey Literature ◽

World Health ◽

Original Research ◽

Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is creating severe issues for healthcare and broad social structures, exposing societal vulnerabilities. Among the populations affected by COVID-19 are people engaged in substance use, such as people who smoke; vape (e-cigarette use); use opioids, cannabis, alcohol, or psychoactive prescription drugs; or have a substance use disorder (SUD). Monitoring substance use and SUD during the pandemic is essential, as people who engage in substance use or present with SUD are at greater risk for COVID-19, and the economic and social changes resulting from the pandemic may aggravate SUD. There have been several reviews focused on COVID-19 in relation to substance use and SUD. Reviews generally did not consider on a large range of substance use variants or SUDs. We plan a scoping review that seeks to fill gaps in our current understanding of substance use and SUD, in the COVID-19 era. Methods A scoping review focused on substance use and SUD, in relation to COVID-19, will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, PsycINFO, PubMed, Middle Eastern Central Asian Studies, CINAHL Complete, and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, HSRProj, governmental websites, and clinical trials registries (e.g., ClinicalTrial.gov, World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and International Standard Randomized Con-trolled Trial Number registry). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies investigating substance use and SUD, in relation to COVID-19 in all populations and settings, will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., content and thematic analysis) methods. Discussion Original research is urgently needed to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 on substance use and SUD. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework (osf/io/tzgm5).

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Interventions to improve early cancer diagnosis of symptomatic individuals: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e055488

Author(s):

George N Okoli ◽

Otto L T Lam ◽

Viraj K Reddy ◽

Leslie Copstein ◽

Nicole Askin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Future Research ◽

Multidisciplinary Teams ◽

Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Nurse Navigator

ObjectivesTo summarise the current evidence regarding interventions for accurate and timely cancer diagnosis among symptomatic individuals.DesignA scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodological framework for the conduct of scoping reviews and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.Data sourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost) and PsycINFO (Ovid) bibliographic databases, and websites of relevant organisations. Published and unpublished literature (grey literature) of any study type in the English language were searched for from January 2017 to January 2021.Eligibility and criteriaStudy participants were individuals of any age presenting at clinics with symptoms indicative of cancer. Interventions included practice guidelines, care pathways or other initiatives focused on achieving predefined benchmarks or targets for wait times, streamlined or rapid cancer diagnostic services, multidisciplinary teams and patient navigation strategies. Outcomes included accuracy and timeliness of cancer diagnosis.Data extraction and synthesisWe summarised findings graphically and descriptively.ResultsFrom 21 298 retrieved citations, 88 unique published articles and 16 unique unpublished documents (on 18 study reports), met the eligibility for inclusion. About half of the published literature and 83% of the unpublished literature were from the UK. Most of the studies were on interventions in patients with lung cancer. Rapid referral pathways and technology for supporting and streamlining the cancer diagnosis process were the most studied interventions. Interventions were mostly complex and organisation-specific. Common themes among the studies that concluded intervention was effective were multidisciplinary collaboration and the use of a nurse navigator.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary cooperation and involvement of a nurse navigator may be unique features to consider when designing, delivering and evaluating interventions focused on improving accurate and timely cancer diagnosis among symptomatic individuals. Future research should examine the effectiveness of the interventions identified through this review.

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International Overview of Somatic Dysfunction Assessment and Treatment in Osteopathic Research: A Scoping Review

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare10010028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Marco Tramontano ◽

Federica Tamburella ◽

Fulvio Dal Farra ◽

Andrea Bergna ◽

Christian Lunghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Self Regulation ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Body Regions ◽

Scoping Reviews

Background: Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a patient-centred, whole-body intervention aimed at enhance the person’s self-regulation. OMT interventions are focused on somatic dysfunctions (SD) that can be defined as an altered regulative function associated with inflammatory signs palpable in the body framework in different body regions. The conceptual model that sustains SD, as well as its usefulness for the osteopathic profession, is still being discussed by the osteopathic community. Understanding the role and the application of SD is the aim of this scoping review. Methods: A literature search was carried out through the main biomedical databases: Pubmed (Medline), Cochrane, Central (Cochrane), Embase, PEDro and Scopus. Grey literature was considered via Google Scholar and the Osteopathic Research Web. The review was prepared by referring to the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews” (PRISMA-ScR). Results: A total of 37,279 records were identified through database searching and other sources. After the duplicates were removed, 27,023 titles and abstracts were screened. A total of 1495 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. The qualitative synthesis included 280 studies. Conclusions: Treating SD is an important part of osteopathic practice that varies from country to country. SD should be considered as a clinical value that assists in the clinical assessment and guides the decision-making process of osteopathic practitioners. Further studies should be designed to better understand why and how to choose the different assessment and intervention modalities to approach SD and to evaluate new osteopathic models.

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Interventions across the retirement transition for improving well-being: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030484 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e030484 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miriam Rodríguez-Monforte ◽

Carles Fernández-Jané ◽

Anna Martin-Arribas ◽

Mercè Sitjà-Rabert ◽

Olga Canet Vélez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Personal Information ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Well Being ◽

Open Science ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Retirement Transition ◽

Perceived Quality Of Life ◽

Scoping Reviews

IntroductionThe work-to-retirement transition involves a process of psychologically and behaviourally distancing oneself from the workforce that is often accompanied by other social changes. The person is confronted with new social roles, expectations, challenges and opportunities that can influence lifestyle and well-being. In the scientific literature, we find recent reports of interventions aimed at improving health and well-being in people at retirement age. However, there is still a gap of knowledge on how different interventions during retirement might improve health status. We intend to conduct a scoping review with the aim of describing interventions for improving well-being across the retirement transition.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework described by Arksey and O’Malley; the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for scoping reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols statements will be followed. Eligibility criteria comprise of: (a) all type of original studies, review articles or reports published on journals as well as grey literature; (b) describing interventions to improve the well-being in adults across their retirement transition; (c) including participants before, during and after retirement; (d) all publications must describe variables associated with participants’ physical and/or psychological and/or social well-being and/or perceived quality of life related to these; (e) no language restriction and (f) published from January 2000 to March 2019. The main findings will be summarised using a narrative descriptive synthesis approach and grouped following the population, concept and context principles. A stakeholder meeting will be held to provide feedback on the findings and to develop next steps in research and practice.Ethics and disseminationApproval from a research ethics committee is not required, as no personal information will be collected. We plan to disseminate our research findings at different levels: scientific community, clinical and social arenas, as well as to healthcare leaders and policymakers and general population. The project has been registered at Open Science Framework with the name TRANSITS: work to retirement transition project.

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The roles, responsibilities and practices of healthcare assistants in out-of-hours community palliative care: A systematic scoping review

Palliative Medicine ◽

10.1177/0269216320929559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 976-988

Author(s):

Anne Fee ◽

Deborah Muldrew ◽

Paul Slater ◽

Sheila Payne ◽

Sonja McIlfatrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Future Research ◽

Emotional Needs ◽

Out Of Hours ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Role Responsibilities ◽

Meta Analyses

Background: Access to community palliative care ‘out-of-hours’ – defined as care provided after the normal hours of work – is advocated globally. Healthcare assistants, who provide care under the direction of a qualified professional, are increasingly employed to help deliver such care, yet there is a little understanding regarding their role, responsibilities or contribution. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the roles, responsibilities and contributions of healthcare assistants in out-of-hours community palliative care. Design: Scoping review Data sources: Five bibliographic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Scopus) and grey literature were searched using a predefined search strategy. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews statement. Results: The search yielded six papers using quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. Results highlighted a lack of recognition of the role and contribution of healthcare assistants. A concurrent theme was that healthcare assistants continually monitored and responded to patient’s and family’s physical and emotional needs; there was also self-reported evidence indicating patient and family benefit, such as maintaining a sense of normality and support to remain at home. Discussion: This review highlighted a dearth of evidence relating to the healthcare assistant role in out-of-hours palliative care. Limited evidence suggests they play a role, but that it is hidden and undervalued. Such invisibility will have a significant impact on the planning and delivery of out-of-hours palliative care. Future research is needed on role development for the benefit of patients and caregivers.

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Problem-Solving Training as an Active Ingredient of Treatment for Youth Depression: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

10.31234/osf.io/d6jyp ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karolin Rose Krause ◽

Darren Courtney ◽

Benjamin Chan ◽

Sarah Bonato ◽

Madison Aitken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Advisory Panel ◽

Emotional Symptoms ◽

Bias Effect ◽

High Quality ◽

Youth Depression

Problem-solving (PS) training is a common ingredient of evidence-based therapies for youth depression that can be delivered as part of broader therapy packages or alone. As a stand-alone treatment, Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) is effective for adult depression. Aims: This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the evidence concerning PS training for depression in youth aged 14 to 24. We searched five bibliographic databases and the grey literature. We included four randomized control trials (524 participants) comparing PST with waitlist controls or comparator interventions; four secondary analyses of PS-related concepts as predictors, moderators, or mediators of treatment response; 23 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs); and insights from a youth advisory panel. One high-quality study found PST helped with personal problems but was not significantly more effective than the control at reducing emotional symptoms. Exploratory evidence suggests PS training may enhance treatment effectiveness if provided alongside other skills in cognitive behavioural therapy. CPGs do not recommend PST as a first-line treatment for youth depression. Exploratory meta-analysis showed a small effect (Hedges’ g = -0.34; 95% CI: -0.92 to 0.23) with high heterogeneity and a very low quality of the evidence. After removing one study at high risk of bias, effect size and heterogeneity were strongly reduced (g = -0.08; 95% CI: -0.26 to 0.10). High-quality trials of PST alone or with other therapies are needed. As per suggestions by youth advisors, PS training may need to be reworked to ensure it is youth-driven, strengths-based, comprehensive, and personalized.

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