scholarly journals Utility of the COM-B model in identifying facilitators and barriers to maintaining a healthy postnatal lifestyle following a diagnosis of gestational diabetes: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e037318
Author(s):  
Jennifer Boyd ◽  
Brian McMillan ◽  
Katherine Easton ◽  
Brigitte Delaney ◽  
Caroline Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Socioecological Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work

ObjectivesPrevious qualitative research investigating the experiences of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GD) has provided important insights into the development of behaviour change interventions. However, these studies often lack a theoretical underpinning. This study explored the use of the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour (COM-B) framework (which proposes that individuals need the capability, opportunity and motivation to perform a particular behaviour) to code and the socioecological model to contextualise participant responses to better inform intervention development.DesignQualitative semistructured interviews are using purposive sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded using the COM-B framework. A socioecological approach was adopted to understand the context of intervention facets.SettingInterviews were conducted in a secondary care setting in South Yorkshire.ParticipantsTwenty-seven postnatal women with a previous diagnosis of GD were interviewed.ResultsApplying the COM-B framework to code participant, responses identified 16 key subthemes which reflected either: capability, opportunity or motivation components of the model. Four domains adapted from the socioecological model: individual, family life, community and healthcare provision; contextualised factors are important for these women in terms of behaviour change. Emotional response at the individual level was highly motivating or demotivating. Factors related to family life and community were particularly dominant and had the potential to either facilitate or impede change. We found many participants relied on healthcare provision during the prenatal and postnatal periods with timing and positive relationships being key to good care.ConclusionsOur study provides further insight into the factors crucial for behaviour change in women diagnosed with GD. By innovatively applying the COM-B framework in a socioecological context, it is clear intervention facets need to target microlevel through the macrolevel to engage this population in behaviour change. Future work should consider family-level intervention as this could allow for sustained behaviour change and consequently prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The potential impacts of community drug checking within the overdose crisis: qualitative study exploring the perspective of prospective service users

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Wallace ◽  
Thea van Roode ◽  
Flora Pagan ◽  
Dennis Hore ◽  
Bernadette Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Socioecological Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Drug Checking ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background As drug checking becomes more integrated within public health responses to the overdose crisis, and potentially more institutionalized, there is value in critically questioning the impacts of drug checking as a harm reduction response. Methods As part of a pilot project to implement community drug checking in Victoria, BC, Canada, in-depth interviews (N = 27) were held with people who use or have used substances, family or friends of people who use substances, and/or people who make or distribute substances. Critical harm reduction and social justice perspectives and a socioecological model guided our analysis to understand the potential role of drug checking within the overdose crisis, from the perspective of prospective service users. Results Participants provided insight into who might benefit from community drug checking and potential benefits. They indicated drug checking addresses a “shared need” that could benefit people who use substances, people who care for people who use substances, and people who sell substances. Using a socioecological model, we identified four overarching themes corresponding to benefits at each level: “drug checking to improve health and wellbeing of people who use substances”, “drug checking to increase quality control in an unregulated market”, “drug checking to create healthier environments”, and “drug checking to mediate policies around substance use”. Conclusions Drug checking requires a universal approach to meet the needs of diverse populations who use substances, and must not be focused on abstinence based outcomes. As a harm reduction response, community drug checking has potential impacts beyond the individual level. These include increasing power and accountability within the illicit drug market, improving the health of communities, supporting safer supply initiatives and regulation of substances, and mitigating harms of criminalization. Evaluation of drug checking should consider potential impacts that extend beyond individual behaviour change and recognize lived realities and structural conditions.

Freiwilliges Engagement in der „Lebensphase Alter“. Eine kontrastierende Betrachtung von niedrig- und ­hochgebildeten Personen in der Altersgruppe 50+ mit dem Freiwilligensurvey 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-374
Author(s):  
Frank Micheel
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Freiwilliges Engagement ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Educated

Zusammenfassung Aus der Literatur ist bekannt, dass der Zugang zum Freiwilligenbereich in der „Lebensphase Alter“ durch Bildungsnachteile systematisch erschwert wird. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert, welche Faktoren ein freiwilliges Engagement von älteren Niedriggebildeten begünstigen und wie stark sie im Vergleich zu Hochgebildeten wirken. Auf Basis des Freiwilligensurveys aus dem Jahr 2014 wird nach differenzierenden Merkmalen (demografische Merkmale, Ressourcen, persönliche Werte sowie kontextuelle Aspekte) zur Erklärung freiwilliger Aktivitäten innerhalb der beiden Bildungsgruppen untersucht. Aus den multivariaten Analysen lassen sich folgende politische Implikationen ableiten: Strukturelle Verbesserungen in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung, in den ostdeutschen Regionen sowie in der Stadt- und Sozialplanung erhöhen die Chancen für Niedriggebildete zur sozialen Teilhabe im Freiwilligenbereich. Auf der individuellen Ebene ist die Stärkung der wahrgenommenen Erwartungskompetenz ein vielversprechender Ansatz. Abstract: Volunteering in Old Age: A Comparison Between Low and Highly Educated Individuals Aged 50+ It is known from literature that access to volunteering in old age is systematically restricted by educational disadvantages. This article discusses which factors enable older people with low education to volunteering compared to highly educated people. Based on the German Survey on Volunteering from 2014, empirical investigations explore differentiated characteristics (demographics, resources, individual values and social aspects) explaining volunteering within both educational groups. The following political implications are derived from multivariate analyses: Structural improvements in the areas of healthcare provision, in Eastern Germany, as well as urban and social planning raise the odds for volunteering among the low educated. On the individual level, improving perceived self-efficacy is a promising approach.

scholarly journals A hitchhiker guide to manta rays: Patterns of association between Mobula alfredi, M. birostris, their symbionts, and other fishes in the Maldives

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253704
Author(s):  
Aimee E. Nicholson-Jack ◽  
Joanna L. Harris ◽  
Kirsty Ballard ◽  
Katy M. E. Turner ◽  
Guy M. W. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work ◽  
First Time

Despite being among the largest and most charismatic species in the marine environment, considerable gaps remain in our understanding of the behavioural ecology of manta rays (Mobula alfredi, M. birostris). Manta rays are often sighted in association with an array of smaller hitchhiker fish species, which utilise their hosts as a sanctuary for shelter, protection, and the sustenance they provide. Species interactions, rather than the species at the individual level, determine the ecological processes that drive community dynamics, support biodiversity and ecosystem health. Thus, understanding the associations within marine communities is critical to implementing effective conservation and management. However, the underlying patterns between manta rays, their symbionts, and other hitchhiker species remain elusive. Here, we explore the spatial and temporal variation in hitchhiker presence with M. alfredi and M. birostris throughout the Maldives and investigate the factors which may influence association using generalised linear mixed effects models (GLMM). For the first time, associations between M. alfredi and M. birostris with hitchhiker species other than those belonging to the family Echeneidae are described. A variation in the species of hitchhiker associated with M. alfredi and M. birostris was identified, with sharksucker remora (Echeneis naucrates) and giant remora (Remora remora) being the most common, respectively. Spatiotemporal variation in the presence of manta rays was identified as a driver for the occurrence of ephemeral hitchhiker associations. Near-term pregnant female M. alfredi, and M. alfredi at cleaning stations, had the highest likelihood of an association with adult E. naucrates. Juvenile E. naucrates were more likely to be associated with juvenile M. alfredi, and a seasonal trend in E. naucrates host association was identified. Remora were most likely to be present with female M. birostris, and a mean number of 1.5 ± 0.5 R. remora were observed per M. birostris. It is hoped these initial findings will serve as the basis for future work into the complex relationships between manta rays and their hitchhikers.

A case for poetry as history and a methodology with poems by James G. March

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Bachani
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This study aims to reveal a lesser known side of Late James G. March, as a poet, by offering a curated selection of his poems. The other purpose of this study is to make a case for using poetry as a methodology. Poetry requires engagement by the reader, thus creating space for the personal. With multiple personal explanations co-existing, poetry allows clarity of action at the individual level while simultaneously leaving room for debate and discussion at the collective level. Thus, poetry offers pluralistic histories with room for complexity, ambiguity, paradox and contradictions. Design/methodology/approach The selection of poems is highly subjective, so an auto-ethnographic approach was appropriate. The collection is curated for the readers of this journal, on topics relevant for the members of the Academy of Management. The argument for poetry as a methodology is based on engaging with the poems for self-reflection and reflexivity. Findings March had a life-long commitment to self-expression through poems. Poetic engagement by one poetry lover with a selection of his poems about our shared profession, yields small self-discoveries that are good for the collective, by revealing unknown histories, with possibilities other than the dominant single story. Poetry as a methodology brings in the personal, that yields moving theories, that are practical in guiding individual action in personally meaningful ways, even in ambiguous, contradictory and complex situations. Originality/value Ideas expressed in poetic form provide a way to liberate possibilities latent in the language itself. Future work from this contribution can be that March’s poems stimulate the imaginations of other poets and poetry lovers, who may have kept it as a private pursuit, just as he did, to come out and share their personal reflexive journeys.

scholarly journals Can metabotyping help deliver the promise of personalised nutrition?

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare B. O'Donovan ◽  
Marianne C. Walsh ◽  
Michael J. Gibney ◽  
Eileen R. Gibney ◽  
Lorraine Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Metabolic Phenotyping ◽  
Personalised Nutrition ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Future Work

Over a decade since the completion of the human genome sequence, the promise of personalised nutrition available to all has yet to become a reality. While the definition was originally very gene-focused, in recent years, a model of personalised nutrition has emerged with the incorporation of dietary, phenotypic and genotypic information at various levels. Developing on from the idea of personalised nutrition, the concept of targeted nutrition has evolved which refers to the delivery of tailored dietary advice at a group level rather than at an individual level. Central to this concept is metabotyping or metabolic phenotyping, which is the ability to group similar individuals together based on their metabolic or phenotypic profiles. Applications of the metabotyping concept extend from the nutrition to the medical literature. While there are many examples of the metabotype approach, there is a dearth in the literature with regard to the development of tailored interventions for groups of individuals. This review will first explore the effectiveness of personalised nutrition in motivating behaviour change and secondly, examine potential novel ways for the delivery of personalised advice at a population level through a metabotyping approach. Based on recent findings from our work, we will demonstrate a novel strategy for the delivery of tailored dietary advice at a group level using this concept. In general, there is a strong emerging evidence to support the effectiveness of personalised nutrition; future work should ascertain if targeted nutrition can motivate behaviour change in a similar manner.

scholarly journals Does Exposure to Hostile Environments Predict Enhanced Emotion Detection?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem E. Frankenhuis ◽  
Gijsbert Bijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Danger Detection ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Future Work

We used a Face-in-the-Crowd task to examine whether hostile environments predict enhanced detection of anger, and whether such enhanced cognition occurs for a different negative emotion, sadness, as well. We conducted a well-powered, preregistered study in 100 college students and 100 individuals from a community sample with greater exposure to hostile environments. At the group level, the community sample was less accurate at detecting both angry and sad faces than students; and, only students discriminated anger more accurately than sadness. At the individual level, having experienced more violence did not predict enhanced anger detection accuracy. In general, participants had a lower threshold (i.e., a more liberal criterion) for detecting emotion in response to anger than sadness. And, students had a higher threshold (i.e., a more conservative criterion) for detecting emotion than the community sample in response to both anger and sadness. Overall, these findings contradict our hypothesis that exposure to hostile environments predicts enhanced danger detection. Rather, our community sample was more prone to over-perceiving emotions, consistent with previous studies showing bias in threat-exposed populations. Future work is needed to tease apart the conditions in which people exposed to social danger show enhanced accuracy or bias in their perception of emotions.

Employee perspective on CSR: a review of the literature and research agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-381
Author(s):  
Anuja Akhouri ◽  
Richa Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Research Trend ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Conference Papers

Purpose This paper aims to review the available academic literature on CSR from employees’ perspective, with an objective to better understand the individual-level analysis of CSR and clarify the current state of thinking in the area. Specifically, the authors present the evolution of the concept of CSR, from the historical overview to the emergence of recent theory and conceptualizations; the underlying theoretical foundations of CSR; the studied variables for CSR; and the research gaps and future work avenues in the field of CSR. Design/methodology/approach In all, 158 articles from 72 journals were included in the review, and a comprehensive analysis of the reviewed articles was performed. Findings This paper makes a significant contribution to the literature by presenting a comprehensive review of the articles published in academic journals, focusing on employees’ perspective of CSR. The findings advance the understanding of the research trend in employee-focused micro-level CSR research. They will assist organizations better understand “why,” “how” and “when” employees react to CSR initiatives of an organization. This paper also identifies the existing gaps in employee-centric CSR research, which will provide important directions for future research in the area. Research limitations/implications The review focused exclusively on journal publications. Dissertations, conference papers, working papers and practitioner papers were excluded, as they are not peer-reviewed. Originality/value This paper is one of the comprehensive review papers that focus exclusively on employees’ perspective of CSR, by analyzing 158 articles from the period 1961-2017.

Identity Development in Immigrant Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth J. Schwartz ◽  
Alan Meca ◽  
Miguel Ángel Cano ◽  
Elma I. Lorenzo-Blanco ◽  
Jennifer B. Unger
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Majority Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work

Abstract. Rates of immigration are at an all-time high in many Western countries, and immigration can exert profound influences on identity development. These influences occur both at the individual level and at the group level, but these two sets of influences have rarely been considered simultaneously. Accordingly, this article adopts a multilevel approach to identity development among immigrant youth, with a focus on North American receiving contexts. We focus not only on individual ethnic, national, and personal identity development, but also on the societal-level intergroup processes (e.g., threats and stereotypes) that constrain the identity options available to immigrants. We highlight the prominence of biculturalism – endorsement of both heritage and destination-country identities – but also discuss ways in which biculturalism may be difficult to attain for some immigrants and immigrant groups. We also emphasize the interplay between individual immigrants’ identities and the mechanisms through which defensive policies enacted by “threatened” majority groups may harm identity development among immigrant youth. The article concludes with a listing of priorities for future work.

scholarly journals GLAMbox: A Python toolbox for investigating the association between gaze allocation and decision behaviour

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Molter ◽  
Armin W. Thomas ◽  
Hauke R. Heekeren ◽  
Peter N. C. Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Model Space ◽  
Choice Data ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Choice Sets ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Bayesian Statistical Modeling

AbstractRecent empirical findings have indicated that gaze allocation plays a crucial role in simple decision behaviour. Many of these findings point towards an influence of gaze allocation onto the speed of evidence accumulation in an accumulation-to-bound decision process (resulting in generally higher choice probabilities for items that have been looked at longer). Further, researchers have shown that the strength of the association between gaze and choice behaviour is highly variable between individuals, encouraging future work to study this association on the individual level. However, only few decision models exist that easily allow studying the gaze-choice association on the individual level, due to the high cost of developing and implementing them. The model space is particularly scarce for choice sets with more than two choice alternatives. Here, we present GLAMbox, a Python-based toolbox that is built upon PyMC3 and allows the easy application of the gaze-weighted linear accumulator model (GLAM) to experimental choice data. The GLAM assumes gaze-dependent evidence accumulation in a linear stochastic race that extends to decision scenarios with many choice alternatives. GLAMbox enables Bayesian parameter estimation of the GLAM for individual, pooled or hierarchical models, provides an easy-to-use interface to predict choice behaviour and visualize choice data, and benefits from all of PyMC3’s Bayesian statistical modeling functionality. Further documentation, resources and the toolbox itself are available at https://github.com/glamlab/glambox.

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

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