scholarly journals Prehospital major incident management: how do training and real-life situations relate? A qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e048792
Author(s):  
Karin Hugelius ◽  
Samuel Edelbring ◽  
Karin Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Prehospital Management ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
Mental Preparedness

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between preparations and real-life experiences among prehospital major incident commanders.DesignAn explorative, qualitative design was used.SettingPrehospital major incidents in Sweden. Data were collected between December 2019 and August 2020.ParticipantsPrehospital major incident commanders (n=15) with real-life experiences from major events, such as fires, bus accidents, a bridge collapse and terrorist attacks, were included. All but one had participated in 2-day training focusing on the prehospital management of major incidents. In addition, about half of the participants had participated in simulation exercises, academic courses and other training in the management of major incidents.MethodsData from two-session individual interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThe conformity between real-life major incidents and preparations was good regarding prehospital major incident commanders’ knowledge of the operational procedures applied in major incidents. However, the preparations did not allow for the complexities and endurance strategies required in real-life incidents. Personal preparations, such as mental preparedness or stress management, were not sufficiently covered in the preparations. To some extent, professional experience (such as training) could compensate for the lack of formal preparations.ConclusionsThis study identified perceived gaps between preparations and real-life experiences of being a prehospital major incident commander. To minimise the gaps between demands and expectations on perceived control and to better prepare individuals for being prehospital major incident commanders, the training and other preparations should reflect complexities of real-life incidents. Preparations should develop both technical skills required, such as principles and methodology used, and personal preparedness. Personal preparations should include improving one’s mental preparedness, self-knowledge and professional self-confidence required to successfully act as a prehospital incident commander. Since little is known about what pedagogical methods that should be used to enhance this, further research is needed.

Course in Prehospital Major Incidents Management for Health Care Providers in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidaa A. Bajow ◽  
Wajdan I. AlAssaf ◽  
Ameera A. Cluntun
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Major Incidents

AbstractIntroductionUnacceptable practices of health care providers during disasters have been observed because they work outside the scope of their daily practices and have inadequate training. A greater need for the involvement of health professionals in disaster management has been noted in Saudi Arabia. This study evaluates the efficacy of a training course in prehospital major incident management for health care providers in Saudi Arabia.MethodsAn interactive course for general principles in prehospital major incident management was developed with domains and core competencies. The course was designed according to the local context and was based on international standards. It was piloted over four days at the Officers Club of the Ministry of Interior (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) and was sponsored by Mohammed Bin Naif Medical Center, King Fahd Security College in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The participants (n=29) were from different disciplines from main government health facilities in Riyadh. They completed a pre-test and a post-test.ResultsThe overall score was 55.1% on the pre-test and 68.4% on the post-test (Wilcoxon test for paired samples, P <.05). Three out of the four domains had significant difference between pre- and post-test results, as well as the overall total knowledge.Conclusion:Conducting inter-disciplinary and competency-based disaster medicine courses for health care providers can augment appropriate disaster preparedness for major incidents in Saudi Arabia.BajowNA,AlAssafWI,CluntunAA.Course in prehospital major incidents management for health care providers in Saudi Arabia.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(6):587–595.

An Introduction to Major Incident Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Greaves ◽  
Paul Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Communication Assessment ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
And Control ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Mass Fatalities

Chapter 1 covers information on what a major incident is, definitions and classifications including chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN), special arrangements, historical and recent major incidents, mass fatalities, the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, nomenclature, and the Joint Emergency Services Inter-operability Programme (JESIP). The phases and objectives of a response to a major incident are described. This chapter also outlines the generic structured approach including command and control, safety (including zones and cordons), communication, assessment, triage and categorization systems, casualty treatment, roles and responsibilities, and casualty transportation.

Major Incident Experience and Preparedness in a Developing Country

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Seyedin ◽  
Rouhollah Zaboli ◽  
Hamid Ravaghi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Research Software ◽  
Major Incidents

AbstractBackgroundResearch shows that having previous experience of major incidents has a positive impact on awareness and preparedness of organizations. We investigated the effects of major incident experience on preparedness of health organizations on future disasters in Iran.MethodsA qualitative study using a semistructured interview technique was conducted with 65 public health and therapeutic affairs managers. Analysis of the data was performed used the framework analysis technique, which was supported by qualitative research software.ResultsThe study found that prior experience of major incidents results in better performance, coordination, and cooperation in response to future events. There was a positive effect on policy making and resource distribution and an increase in (1) preparedness activities, (2) raising population awareness, and (3) improving knowledge. However, the preparedness actions were predominantly individual-dependent.ConclusionsOur findings showed that to increase system efficiency and effectiveness within health organizations, an appropriate major incident management system is needed. The new system can use lessons learned from previous major incidents to better equip health organizations to cope with similar events in the future. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:313-318)

scholarly journals Major Incidents in Kenya: the Case for Emergency Services Development and Training

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Wachira ◽  
Wayne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Rescue Service ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
And Training

AbstractKenya's major incidents profile is dominated by droughts, floods, fires, terrorism, poisoning, collapsed buildings, accidents in the transport sector and disease/epidemics. With no integrated emergency services and a lack of resources, many incidents in Kenya escalate to such an extent that they become major incidents. Lack of specific training of emergency services personnel to respond to major incidents, poor coordination of major incident management activities, and a lack of standard operational procedures and emergency operation plans have all been shown to expose victims to increased morbidity and mortality.This report provides a review of some of the major incidents in Kenya for the period 2000-2012, with the hope of highlighting the importance of developing an integrated and well-trained Ambulance and Fire and Rescue service appropriate for the local health care system.WachiraB, SmithW. Major incidents in Kenya: the case for emergency services development and training. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(2):1-4.

An International Expert Delphi Study to Determine Research Needs in Major Incident Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Mackway-Jones ◽  
Simon Carley
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
International Expert ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
And Training

AbstractObjectiveTo collate the opinions of experts and to reach consensus about the research priorities in the management of major incidents.DesignA three-round e-Delphi study was conducted using an international panel of experts drawn from active researchers and active educators in major incident management. General areas for consideration were derived from the literature analysis undertaken as part of the overall project.ResultsExperts generated 221 statements in 11 topic areas in the first round. Fifty-one of these statements reached consensus in Round 2. A further 23 statements reached consensus in Round 3, leaving 147 statements that did not reach consensus.ConclusionsAn international expert panel reached consensus on 74 topics of research priority in major incidents management. The strongest themes within these topics were education and training, planning, and communication.Mackway-Jones K, Carley S. An international expert Delphi study to determine research needs in major incident management. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(4):1-8.

Major incident management and triage

2020 ◽  
pp. 563-614
Author(s):  
Ian Greaves ◽  
Keith Porter
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Mass Gathering Medicine ◽  
Organizational Information ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
Trauma Scoring ◽  
The Subject

The management of major incidents and disasters is complex and requires the effective engagement and integration of a great number of responding organizations and individuals. This section offers an introduction to the subject, clarifying the key principles and giving some basic organizational information. The chapter classifies major incidents, defines the specific phases, the process of declaring a major incident, how to set the scene (including command structures and responsibilities), explains the role of the health services, the roles of the other emergency services and the armed forces. It covers radio voice procedure and approved communication shorthand, triage, trauma scoring, and mass gathering medicine.

Changes in NHS Major Incident management and their relevance to the Defence Medical Services

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Gurney ◽  
S Horne ◽  
C Wright
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Uk

High-profile Major Incidents in the UK civilian setting in the last few years have appropriately raised awareness of the principles and frameworks involved in the design of reliable response systems. The introduction of the Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Principles in tandem with increased investment in Major Incident Planning has supported practitioners to successfully respond to high numbers of incidents.Defence Medical Services personnel are increasingly being asked to deploy to resource-limited 'contingency' settings where much of the established guidance relating to Major Incident response requires reconsideration and modification in the face of severely constrained space, manpower and equipment.This editorial seeks to review contemporary theories and principles of Major Incident response and discuss how military medical personnel may need to adapt these to address the various Major Incident challenges that they may face on operations.

scholarly journals Changes in Overall Participation Profile of Youth with Physical Disabilities Following the PREP Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3990
Author(s):  
Colin Hoehne ◽  
Brittany Baranski ◽  
Louiza Benmohammed ◽  
Liam Bienstock ◽  
Nathan Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Special School ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Environmental Barriers ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
School Roles

The Pathways and Resources for Engagement and Participation (PREP), an environmental-based intervention, is effective in improving the participation of youth with disabilities in specific targeted activities; however, its potential impact on overall participation beyond these activities is unknown. This study examined the differences in participation levels and environmental barriers and supports following the 12-week PREP intervention. Existing data on participation patterns and environmental barriers and supports, measured by the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth, pre-and post-PREP intervention, were statistically analyzed across 20 youth aged 12 to 18 (mean = 14.4, standard deviation (SD) = 1.82) with physical disabilities in three settings: home, school and community. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d. Following PREP, youth participated significantly less often at home (d = 2.21; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.79, 2.96]), more often (d = 0.57; 95% CI [−0.79, −0.14]) and in more diverse activities (d = 0.51; 95% CI [−1.99, −0.51]) in the community. At school, significantly greater participation was observed in special school roles (t = −2.46. p = 0.024). Involvement and desire for change remained relatively stable across all settings. A substantial increase in community environmental supports was observed (d = 0.67), with significantly more parents reporting availability of, and access to information as a support (χ2 = 4.28, p = 0.038). Findings lend further support to the effectiveness of environmental-based interventions, involving real-life experiences.

Animals in Dreams of Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The UK Library Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 027623662096063
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Mark Blagrove
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Continuity Hypothesis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Uk

Animal dreams have fascinated mankind for ages. Empirical research indicated that children dream more often about animals than adults and dogs, cats, and horses are the most frequent animals that appear within dreams. Moreover, most dreamer-animal interactions are negative. The present study included 4849 participants (6 to 90 yrs. old) reporting 2716 most recent dreams. Overall, 18.30% of these dreams included animals with children reporting more animal dreams that adolescents and adults. The most frequent animals were again dogs, horses, and cats; about 20% of the dream animals were in fact pets of the dreamers. About 30% of the dream animals showed bizarre features, e.g., metamorphosing into humans or other animals, bigger than in real life, or can talk. Taken together, the findings support the continuity hypothesis of dreaming but also the idea that dreams reflect waking-life emotions in a metaphorical and dramatized way. Future studies should focus on eliciting waking-life experiences with animals, e.g., having a pet, animal-related media consumption, and relating these to experiences with animals in dreams.

Designing an Emergency Management Simulation Testbed to Investigate Incident Management Team Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1881-1885
Author(s):  
Changwon Son ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
S. Camille Peres ◽  
Jukrin Moon
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Management Domain ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Investigating real-life disasters and crises has been challenging due to accompanying difficulties and risks posed by these complex phenomena. Previous research in the emergency management domain has largely relied on qualitative approaches to describe the event after it occurred. To facilitate investigations for more generalizable findings, this paper documents ongoing efforts to design an emergency management simulation testbed called Team Emergency Operations Simulation (TEOS) in which an incident management team (IMT) is situated. First, we describe the design process based on our previous work. Next, we present the overall description of TEOS including representative roles, tasks, and team environments. We also propose measures of team performance of the IMT and propose future research that can be realized through TEOS.

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