scholarly journals Biological and clinical correlates of the patient health questionnaire-9: exploratory cross-sectional analyses of the baseline health study

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e054741
Author(s):  
Robert M Califf ◽  
Celeste Wong ◽  
P Murali Doraiswamy ◽  
David S Hong ◽  
David P Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Baseline Health

ObjectivesWe assessed the relationship between the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at intake and other measurements intended to assess biological factors, markers of disease and health status.Design, setting and participantsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2365 participants from the Baseline Health Study, a prospective cohort of adults selected to represent major demographic groups in the USA. Participants underwent deep phenotyping on demographic, clinical, laboratory, functional and imaging findings.ImportanceDespite extensive research on the clinical implications of the PHQ-9, data are limited on the relationship between PHQ-9 scores and other measures of health and disease; we sought to better understand this relationship.InterventionsNone.Main outcomes and measuresCross-sectional measures of medical illnesses, gait, balance strength, activities of daily living, imaging and laboratory tests.ResultsCompared with lower PHQ-9 scores, higher scores were associated with female sex (46.9%–66.7%), younger participants (53.6–42.4 years) and compromised physical status (higher resting heart rates (65 vs 75 bpm), larger body mass index (26.5–30 kg/m2), greater waist circumference (91–96.5 cm)) and chronic conditions, including gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (13.2%–24.7%) and asthma (9.5%–20.4%) (p<0.0001). Increasing PHQ-9 score was associated with a higher frequency of comorbidities (migraines (6%–20.4%)) and active symptoms (leg cramps (6.4%–24.7%), mood change (1.2%–47.3%), lack of energy (1.2%–57%)) (p<0.0001). After adjustment for relevant demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and medical characteristics, we found that memory change, tension, shortness of breath and indicators of musculoskeletal symptoms (backache and neck pain) are related to higher PHQ-9 scores (p<0.0001).ConclusionsOur study highlights how: (1) even subthreshold depressive symptoms (measured by PHQ-9) may be indicative of several individual- and population-level concerns that demand more attention; and (2) depression should be considered a comorbidity in common disease.Trial registration numberNCT03154346.

scholarly journals Importance of Social Determinants in Screening for Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Califf ◽  
Celeste Wong ◽  
P. Murali Doraiswamy ◽  
David S. Hong ◽  
David P. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Importance The most common screening tool for depression is the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Despite extensive research on the clinical and behavioral implications of the PHQ-9, data are limited on the relationship between PHQ-9 scores and social determinants of health and disease. Objective To assess the relationship between the PHQ-9 at intake and other measurements intended to assess social determinants of health. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional analyses of 2502 participants from the Baseline Health Study (BHS), a prospective cohort of adults selected to represent major demographic groups in the US; participants underwent deep phenotyping on demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, laboratory, functional, and imaging findings. Interventions None. Main Outcomes and Measures Cross-sectional measures of clinical and socioeconomic status (SES). Results In addition to a host of clinical and biological factors, higher PHQ-9 scores were associated with female sex, younger participants, people of color, and Hispanic ethnicity. Multiple measures of low SES, including less education, being unmarried, not currently working, and lack of insurance, were also associated with higher PHQ-9 scores across the entire spectrum of PHQ-9 scores. A summative score of SES, which was the 6th most predictive factor, was associated with higher PHQ-9 score after adjusting for 150 clinical, lab testing, and symptomatic characteristics. Conclusions and Relevance Our findings underscore that depression should be considered a comorbidity when social determinants of health are addressed, and both elements should be considered when designing appropriate interventions.

scholarly journals TINGKAT GEJALA DEPRESI PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA KEPERAWATAN DI INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DAN KESEHATAN (ITEKES) BALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Made Dian Shanti Kusuma ◽  
I KADEK NURYANTO ◽  
I PUTU GEDE SUTRISNA
Keyword(s):  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health

Latar Belakang: Depresi pada remaja atau dewasa muda sangat jarang teridentifikasi, depresi tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh masalah depresi dari keluarga, stress, dan perubahan hormone. Apabila gejala perubahan psikologis yang dimiliki seseorang tidak teridentifikasi dan diatasi dengan baik, mereka bisa mengalami depresi. Dalam hal ini, skrining depresi perlu dilakukan dikalangan mahasiswa untuk mencegah terjadinya depresi.Metode: Design pada penelitian ini adalah descriptive dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, populasi dan sampel adalah mahasiswa program studi Sarjana Keperawatan ITEKES Bali. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) yang digunakan untuk melakukan skrining depresi.Hasil: Tingkat gejala depresi pada mahasiswa program studi sarjana keperawatan bervariasi dimana hampir 50% memiliki gejala depresi ringan yaitu sebanyak 107 orang (45.5%), sedangkan terlihat 4 orang mahasiswa memiliki gejala depresi berat (1.7%). Sekitar 30% mahasiswa 69 (29.4%) tidak depresi. Dimana beberapa perilaku terkait gejala depresi yang dialami oleh responden adalah kurang tertarik atau bergairah dalam melakukan apapun, merasa murung, muram, atau putus asa, sulit tidur atau insomnia, kurang percaya diri, dan sulit berkonsentrasi pada sesuatu.Kesimpulan: Gejala depresi yang dialami mahasiswa bervariasi dilihat dari data karakteristik. Pada mahasiswa jika mekanisme koping nya kurang baik/maladaptive akan sangat renten memiliki gejala depresi. Oleh karena itu, perlu pengawasan khusus untuk mahasiswa apabila dilihat menunjukkan tanda dan gejal depresi, untuk mencegah terjadinya depresi

Frequency and Correlation of Depression in Melasma Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3161-3163
Author(s):  
Aqsa Naheed ◽  
Mahpara Mazhar ◽  
Sundus Fatima ◽  
Sakina Sadiq Malik ◽  
Sehar Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health

Background: Melasma is hyper-pigmentation of skin, usually seen in young female adults, and previous studies have established substantial psychosocial burden associated with this disease. Aim: To measure the frequency of depression in melasma patients and its correlation with severity of melasma Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Dermatology OPD, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st January 2021 to 31st August 2021 Methods: One hundred consecutive patients of melasma diagnosed by a skin specialist were enrolled. Elderly patients aged >60 years, those with previous psychiatric disease or chronic illnesses and on long term streroids were not included. After getting written informed consent, enrolled patients were screened for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) Results: There were 17 males and 83 females. The mean age was 41.5±8.14 years. On MASI scale for assessing severity of melasma, 38 patients scored mild, 51 scored moderate and 11 scored severe. Using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in patients with melasma, 18 patients didn’t have depression, 38 had mild depression, 31 had moderate depression, 6 had moderately severe depression and 7 had severe depression. Conclusion: The frequency of depression is quite high in patients suffering from melasma. It indicates a need for prompt diagnosis, appropriate intervention at correct time to ensure patient’s compliance to therapy to improve his disease outcome. Keywords: Depression, Melasma, Frequency

Validation of the PHQ-2 against the PHQ-9 for detecting depression in a large sample of Australian general practice patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Carey ◽  
Allison Boyes ◽  
Natasha Noble ◽  
Amy Waller ◽  
Kerry Inder
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

There is increasing interest in the use of brief screening tools to improve detection of depression in the primary care setting. The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) against the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for detecting depression among general practice patients. A cross-sectional sample of 3626 adults attending 12 Australian general practices was recruited. Participants completed the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 via a touchscreen computer. Depression was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. The PHQ-2 had good overall accuracy relative to the PHQ-9 for discriminating between cases and non-cases of depression, with an AUC of 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.90–0.93). The PHQ-2 threshold of ≥3 was the best balance between sensitivity (91%) and specificity (78%) for detecting possible cases of depression. For clinical use, the optimal threshold was ≥2, with only 2% of possible cases missed.

scholarly journals Norwegian reference data on the Fatigue Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and their interrelationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alv A. Dahl ◽  
Kjersti Støen Grotmol ◽  
Marianne Jensen Hjermstad ◽  
Cecilie Essholt Kiserud ◽  
Jon Håvard Loge
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Population-based reference data on frequently used questionnaires are important for comparative purposes. Due to changes in health and lifestyles, such data should be updated every other decade. The objectives of this study were to establish Norwegian population-based reference data on the Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) on depression, to compare the FQ-scores with our previous reference data from 1996, and to explore the relationship between the scores on these two instruments. Methods In 2015, a representative sample of 6,012 Norwegians aged 18–80 years was mailed a questionnaire including the FQ and the PHQ-9, and 36% responded. Complete FQ-scores were delivered by 2,041 subjects, and complete PHQ-9 scores by 2,086 subjects. The scores are displayed according to sex and 10-year age groups. Results Few 2015 mean scores of mental, physical, and total fatigue differed significantly from those of 1996, and the same was found for the prevalence rates of chronic fatigue. The exception was a significantly lower prevalence in 2015 of mean fatigue scores and prevalence of chronic fatigue in females ≥ 60 years. The prevalence of major depressive episode (MDE) based on the PHQ-9 sum score cut-off ≥ 10 was 5.9% for males and 9.8% for females, and 2.5% and 3.8% using a DSM-based algorithm with at least five endorsed criteria including either anhedonia or depressed mood. The correlation between the FQ and the PHQ-9 was 0.59, implying 36% shared variance. Conclusions This study showed considerable interrelationship between the FQ and the PHQ-9 constructs. The reference data show that scores on the FQ have only improved significantly in persons aged 60 or more years between 1996 and 2015. Our prevalence findings of MDE based on the PHQ-9 are in accordance with the findings from other countries. The FQ and the PHQ-9 should be used together in epidemiological and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in neurologic populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly G. Williams ◽  
Michael Sanderson ◽  
Nathalie Jette ◽  
Scott B. Patten
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundBecause of symptom overlap, there is uncertainty about the validity of depression rating scales in neurologic populations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for detecting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–defined major depressive episodes in people with neurologic conditions.MethodsParticipants were recruited from outpatient clinics for multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, Parkinson disease, and stroke for this cross-sectional study. Participants were administered a questionnaire (this included the PHQ-9), chart review, and a follow-up telephone interview. The Structured Clinical Interview for Depression was used as the reference standard for psychiatric diagnoses. The performance of PHQ-9 was analyzed using sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratios (DORs), and receiver operator curve analysis.ResultsAll neurologic subpopulations had a specificity greater than 78% and sensitivity greater than 79% at a cut-point of 10. Using a random-effects model, the I-squared value was 13.7%, and Tau2 was 0.05, showing homogeneity across the neurologic subpopulations. The pooled DOR was 25.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.9–42.8). Meta-analytic analysis found that for sensitivity, the pooled estimate was 90% (95% CI 81–97), and for specificity, it was 85% (95% CI 79–90).ConclusionsDespite theoretical concerns about its validity, the PHQ-9 performed well at its standard cut-point of 10. Consistent with the literature, being able to use a validated, brief tool that is available publicly should improve case finding of depression in neurologic populations. When considering clinical practicality along with the findings of this analyzed, this study confirmed that the PHQ-9 is valid in a general outpatient neurologic population.

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