Validation of the PHQ-2 against the PHQ-9 for detecting depression in a large sample of Australian general practice patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Carey ◽  
Allison Boyes ◽  
Natasha Noble ◽  
Amy Waller ◽  
Kerry Inder
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

There is increasing interest in the use of brief screening tools to improve detection of depression in the primary care setting. The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) against the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for detecting depression among general practice patients. A cross-sectional sample of 3626 adults attending 12 Australian general practices was recruited. Participants completed the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 via a touchscreen computer. Depression was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. The PHQ-2 had good overall accuracy relative to the PHQ-9 for discriminating between cases and non-cases of depression, with an AUC of 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.90–0.93). The PHQ-2 threshold of ≥3 was the best balance between sensitivity (91%) and specificity (78%) for detecting possible cases of depression. For clinical use, the optimal threshold was ≥2, with only 2% of possible cases missed.

scholarly journals Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in neurologic populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly G. Williams ◽  
Michael Sanderson ◽  
Nathalie Jette ◽  
Scott B. Patten
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundBecause of symptom overlap, there is uncertainty about the validity of depression rating scales in neurologic populations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for detecting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–defined major depressive episodes in people with neurologic conditions.MethodsParticipants were recruited from outpatient clinics for multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, Parkinson disease, and stroke for this cross-sectional study. Participants were administered a questionnaire (this included the PHQ-9), chart review, and a follow-up telephone interview. The Structured Clinical Interview for Depression was used as the reference standard for psychiatric diagnoses. The performance of PHQ-9 was analyzed using sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratios (DORs), and receiver operator curve analysis.ResultsAll neurologic subpopulations had a specificity greater than 78% and sensitivity greater than 79% at a cut-point of 10. Using a random-effects model, the I-squared value was 13.7%, and Tau2 was 0.05, showing homogeneity across the neurologic subpopulations. The pooled DOR was 25.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.9–42.8). Meta-analytic analysis found that for sensitivity, the pooled estimate was 90% (95% CI 81–97), and for specificity, it was 85% (95% CI 79–90).ConclusionsDespite theoretical concerns about its validity, the PHQ-9 performed well at its standard cut-point of 10. Consistent with the literature, being able to use a validated, brief tool that is available publicly should improve case finding of depression in neurologic populations. When considering clinical practicality along with the findings of this analyzed, this study confirmed that the PHQ-9 is valid in a general outpatient neurologic population.

Mindfulness and Acceptance–Based Group Therapy: An Uncontrolled Pragmatic Pre–Post Pilot Study in a Heterogeneous Population of Female Prisoners

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2572-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J. Riley ◽  
David Smith ◽  
Michael F. Baigent
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Patient Health

The rate of females imprisoned worldwide has increased by more than 50% during the last two decades, with recent figures suggesting that, worldwide, the female prison population may still be increasing at a faster rate than males. Despite prevalence rates for psychiatric conditions among female prisoners being significantly higher than males, there is a particular lack of programs specifically designed for women. This preliminary study evaluates the initial effectiveness of a mindfulness and acceptance–based group program in an uncontrolled pragmatic pilot study of a heterogeneous group of incarcerated women with a range of mental health issues. Participants were 59 incarcerated women who engaged in a 10-session group program. Outcome measures comprised the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, and three screening tools derived from the full version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), to measure depression, binge eating (Patient Health Questionnaire–Binge Eating Disorder [PHQ-ED]), and somatoform disorders (PHQ-15). Results of linear mixed modelling showed improvements in mindfulness and acceptance, and reductions in depression, anxiety, and somatoform symptoms. Furthermore, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was shown to be an acceptable and feasible intervention for female Indigenous Australian prisoners. A mindfulness and acceptance–based group approach appears to be feasible and acceptable in a prison environment for a female prisoners with a range of mental health symptomatology.

Depression Screening: Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. McGuire ◽  
Jo-Ann Eastwood ◽  
Aurelia Macabasco-O'Connell ◽  
Ron D. Hays ◽  
Lynn V. Doering
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Patient Health

BackgroundDepression screening in cardiac patients has been recommended by the American Heart Association, but the best approach remains unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate nurse-administered versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression screening in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome.MethodsStaff nurses in an urban cardiac care unit administered versions 2, 9, and 10 of the questionnaire to 100 patients with acute coronary syndrome. The Depression Interview and Structured Hamilton was administered by advanced practice nurses blinded to the results of the Patient Health Questionnaire. With the results of the Depression Interview and Structured Hamilton as a criterion, receiver operating characteristic analyses were done for each version of the Patient Health Questionnaire. The Delong method was used for pairwise comparisons. Cutoff scores balancing false-negatives and false-positives were determined by using the Youden Index.ResultsEach version of the questionnaire had excellent area-under- the-curve statistics: 91.2%, 92.6%, and 93.4% for versions 2, 9, and 10, respectively. Differences among the 3 versions were not significant. Each version yielded higher symptom scores in depressed patients than in nondepressed patients: version 2 scores, 3.4 vs 0.6, P = .001; version 9 scores, 13 vs 3.4, P < .001; and version 10 scores, 14.5 vs 3.6, P < .001.ConclusionsFor depression screening in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome, the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 is as accurate as longer versions when administered by nurses. Further study is needed to determine if screening with this tool changes clinical decision making or improves outcomes in these patients.

scholarly journals Do rates of depression vary by level of alcohol misuse in Australian general practice?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne Hobden ◽  
Jamie Bryant ◽  
Rob Sanson-Fisher ◽  
Christopher Oldmeadow ◽  
Mariko Carey
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
Disorder Identification

Limited data exist regarding co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression among general practice patients. This study examined the prevalence of depression by level of alcohol misuse, and the sociodemographic factors associated with depression and increased alcohol misuse severity. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 3559 Australian general practice patients. Patients completed their demographic details, the Patient Health Questionnaire (9-item) and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (Consumption items). The prevalence of alcohol misuse and depression was 6.7%, and depression prevalence varied significantly according to level of alcohol misuse (P<0.001). Age, gender, Aboriginality and number of chronic diseases were associated with depression and higher levels of alcohol misuse. These findings may assist General Practitioners in identifying those at risk of experiencing co-morbid depression and alcohol use, and aid in effective treatment and referral.

scholarly journals TINGKAT GEJALA DEPRESI PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA KEPERAWATAN DI INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DAN KESEHATAN (ITEKES) BALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Made Dian Shanti Kusuma ◽  
I KADEK NURYANTO ◽  
I PUTU GEDE SUTRISNA
Keyword(s):  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health

Latar Belakang: Depresi pada remaja atau dewasa muda sangat jarang teridentifikasi, depresi tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh masalah depresi dari keluarga, stress, dan perubahan hormone. Apabila gejala perubahan psikologis yang dimiliki seseorang tidak teridentifikasi dan diatasi dengan baik, mereka bisa mengalami depresi. Dalam hal ini, skrining depresi perlu dilakukan dikalangan mahasiswa untuk mencegah terjadinya depresi.Metode: Design pada penelitian ini adalah descriptive dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, populasi dan sampel adalah mahasiswa program studi Sarjana Keperawatan ITEKES Bali. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) yang digunakan untuk melakukan skrining depresi.Hasil: Tingkat gejala depresi pada mahasiswa program studi sarjana keperawatan bervariasi dimana hampir 50% memiliki gejala depresi ringan yaitu sebanyak 107 orang (45.5%), sedangkan terlihat 4 orang mahasiswa memiliki gejala depresi berat (1.7%). Sekitar 30% mahasiswa 69 (29.4%) tidak depresi. Dimana beberapa perilaku terkait gejala depresi yang dialami oleh responden adalah kurang tertarik atau bergairah dalam melakukan apapun, merasa murung, muram, atau putus asa, sulit tidur atau insomnia, kurang percaya diri, dan sulit berkonsentrasi pada sesuatu.Kesimpulan: Gejala depresi yang dialami mahasiswa bervariasi dilihat dari data karakteristik. Pada mahasiswa jika mekanisme koping nya kurang baik/maladaptive akan sangat renten memiliki gejala depresi. Oleh karena itu, perlu pengawasan khusus untuk mahasiswa apabila dilihat menunjukkan tanda dan gejal depresi, untuk mencegah terjadinya depresi

Frequency and Correlation of Depression in Melasma Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3161-3163
Author(s):  
Aqsa Naheed ◽  
Mahpara Mazhar ◽  
Sundus Fatima ◽  
Sakina Sadiq Malik ◽  
Sehar Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health

Background: Melasma is hyper-pigmentation of skin, usually seen in young female adults, and previous studies have established substantial psychosocial burden associated with this disease. Aim: To measure the frequency of depression in melasma patients and its correlation with severity of melasma Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Dermatology OPD, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st January 2021 to 31st August 2021 Methods: One hundred consecutive patients of melasma diagnosed by a skin specialist were enrolled. Elderly patients aged >60 years, those with previous psychiatric disease or chronic illnesses and on long term streroids were not included. After getting written informed consent, enrolled patients were screened for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) Results: There were 17 males and 83 females. The mean age was 41.5±8.14 years. On MASI scale for assessing severity of melasma, 38 patients scored mild, 51 scored moderate and 11 scored severe. Using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in patients with melasma, 18 patients didn’t have depression, 38 had mild depression, 31 had moderate depression, 6 had moderately severe depression and 7 had severe depression. Conclusion: The frequency of depression is quite high in patients suffering from melasma. It indicates a need for prompt diagnosis, appropriate intervention at correct time to ensure patient’s compliance to therapy to improve his disease outcome. Keywords: Depression, Melasma, Frequency

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Brazilian version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Quilombola population using the Item Response Theory

Salud Mental ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Sabrina Martins Barroso ◽  
Ana Paula Souto Melo ◽  
Mônia Aparecida da Silva ◽  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Introduction. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is one of the most validated tools used to detect depressive episodes in Brazil. Objective. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 using the Item Response Theory. Method. We used the gradual response model to assess depression in 764 residents of Brazilian rural communities of descended from slaves (quilombos) from the county of Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, Brazil, who had responded to PHQ-9. We estimated the parameters for item discrimination and difficulty. Results. The items of the PHQ-9 showed the ability to discriminate from moderate to very high. The items evaluating thoughts of hurting oneself and death showed the greatest discrimination while feeling depressed showed the lowest discrimination. Discussion and conclusion. The Item Response Theory enables advances in the analysis of the psychometric properties of the screening tools assessing depression, and indicates that PHQ-9 can be used in rural populations in Brazil.

scholarly journals Biological and clinical correlates of the patient health questionnaire-9: exploratory cross-sectional analyses of the baseline health study

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e054741
Author(s):  
Robert M Califf ◽  
Celeste Wong ◽  
P Murali Doraiswamy ◽  
David S Hong ◽  
David P Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Baseline Health

ObjectivesWe assessed the relationship between the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at intake and other measurements intended to assess biological factors, markers of disease and health status.Design, setting and participantsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2365 participants from the Baseline Health Study, a prospective cohort of adults selected to represent major demographic groups in the USA. Participants underwent deep phenotyping on demographic, clinical, laboratory, functional and imaging findings.ImportanceDespite extensive research on the clinical implications of the PHQ-9, data are limited on the relationship between PHQ-9 scores and other measures of health and disease; we sought to better understand this relationship.InterventionsNone.Main outcomes and measuresCross-sectional measures of medical illnesses, gait, balance strength, activities of daily living, imaging and laboratory tests.ResultsCompared with lower PHQ-9 scores, higher scores were associated with female sex (46.9%–66.7%), younger participants (53.6–42.4 years) and compromised physical status (higher resting heart rates (65 vs 75 bpm), larger body mass index (26.5–30 kg/m2), greater waist circumference (91–96.5 cm)) and chronic conditions, including gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (13.2%–24.7%) and asthma (9.5%–20.4%) (p<0.0001). Increasing PHQ-9 score was associated with a higher frequency of comorbidities (migraines (6%–20.4%)) and active symptoms (leg cramps (6.4%–24.7%), mood change (1.2%–47.3%), lack of energy (1.2%–57%)) (p<0.0001). After adjustment for relevant demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and medical characteristics, we found that memory change, tension, shortness of breath and indicators of musculoskeletal symptoms (backache and neck pain) are related to higher PHQ-9 scores (p<0.0001).ConclusionsOur study highlights how: (1) even subthreshold depressive symptoms (measured by PHQ-9) may be indicative of several individual- and population-level concerns that demand more attention; and (2) depression should be considered a comorbidity in common disease.Trial registration numberNCT03154346.

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