scholarly journals Intermittent fasting: eating by the clock for health and exercise performance

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001206
Author(s):  
Sumona Mandal ◽  
Niall Simmons ◽  
Sidra Awan ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
Irfan Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
General Community

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an increasingly popular dietary practice, and its implementation is found throughout human civilisation in various cultural, spiritual and religious traditions. Emerging evidence has shown that the health benefits of IF stretch beyond calorie restriction and weight loss. These benefits include metabolic shifts in energy production, the optimisation of peripheral circadian clocks, and overall improvement in physiological markers of metabolic health. IF has been proposed to reduce systemic inflammation and have a role in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. For the athlete, IF protocols offer a potential new frontier for maintaining performance in the fasted state. They may allow athletes to optimise training adaptions, while respecting individual cultural, religious, and/or spiritual preferences to fast and exercise. Below, we discuss the physiological impact of fasted exercise while highlighting areas for future work to improve our understanding and implementation of the practice for the benefit of both the active general community and sporting populations.

Trajectories of Frailty in the five years Prior to Death Among US Veterans Born 1927-1934

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E Ward ◽  
Ariela R Orkaby ◽  
Clark Dumontier ◽  
Brian Charest ◽  
Chelsea E Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Compression Of Morbidity ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Insurance Claims Data ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Us Veterans ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Background Electronic frailty indices (eFIs) are increasingly used to identify patients at risk for morbidity and mortality. Whether eFIs capture the spectrum of frailty change, including decline, stability, and improvement is unknown. Methods In a nationwide retrospective birth-cohort of US Veterans, a validated eFI, including 31 health deficits, was calculated annually using medical record and insurance claims data (2002-2012). K-means clustering was used to assign patients into frailty trajectories measured five years prior to death. Results There were 214,250 Veterans born between 1927-1934 (mean (SD) age at death = 79.4 (2.8) years, 99.2% male, 90.3% white) with an annual eFI in the five years before death. Nine frailty trajectories were identified. Those starting at non-frail or pre-frail had two stable trajectories (non-frail to pre-frail, n=29,786 and stable pre-frail, n=28,499) and two rapidly increasing trajectories (pre-frail to moderately frail, n=28,244 and pre-frail to severely frail, n=22,596). Those who were mildly frail at baseline included one gradually increasing trajectory (mildly to moderately frail, n=33,806) and one rapidly increasing trajectory (mildly to severely frail, n=15,253). Trajectories that started at moderately or severely frail included two gradually increasing trajectories (moderately to severely frail, n=27,662 and progressing severely frail, n=14,478) and one recovering trajectory (moderately frail to mildly frail, n=13,926). Conclusions Nine frailty trajectories, including one recovering trajectory, were identified in this cohort of older US Veterans. Future work is needed to understand whether prevention and treatment strategies can improve frailty trajectories and contribute to compression of morbidity towards the end of life.

scholarly journals Food Addiction and Intermittent Fasting

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Epigenetic Factor ◽  
Compulsive Behaviour ◽  
The One ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Living Being

Food can be defined as “any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink, or that plant absorb in order to maintain life and growth is called as food”. Cell is the functional unit of our body and each cell of our body in order to function properly requires food. Food provides energy, however there is a limit of energy production in living beings. Since “Food” is described as Prana in Vedas, the minute we are born we need food to sustain life, not only this, the day a female conceives the developing embryo needs food. The type and source of the food varies from developing stage of the embryo to after birth till death. Food (which really includes many types of drinks too – such as milk, juices and cola – but not water) is made up of nutrients. The one who has born on this planet needs food to grow [1]. In other words food is essential for growth and sustenance of life. To some extant every living being is addicted to food, this compulsive behaviour may be in response to an emotion, such as stress, sadness, or anger [2]. Food is a epigenetic factor and influence on gene expression and personality of the person [3, 4]. The human body needs food to function, but food addiction is when a person becomes dependent on certain types of foods only [5]. Our sense organs give clues for the presence of the food which we like, from these clues endocrine glands start working, sending messages through neurones to brain and we feel hungry. Hunger may be 2 types viz (A) True and (B) False.

Intermittent fasting

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
А.А. Пальцын ◽  
Н.Б. Свиридкина
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Интервальное голодание (intermittent fasting) - метод профилактики и лечения людей с самой распространенной сегодня патологией: избыточной массой тела и ожирением. Особую актуальность проблеме создает тот факт, что некрасивое и осложняющее жизнь ожирение - маркер расстройства метаболизма, предрасполагающего к развитию многих неинфекционных пандемий современного человечества. Интервальное голодание осуществляется ежесуточным полным отказом от еды на срок не менее 12 часов, - соотношение периодов голодания и приема пищи 12 ч : 12 ч. Увеличение периода голодания, например, 18 ч : 6 ч повышает профилактическую и лечебную эффективность интервального голодания. Intermittent fasting is a method for prevention and treatment of the currently most common pathology, overweight and obesity. Of particular relevance is the fact that ugly and life-complicating obesity is a marker of metabolic disorders that predispose people to many noninfectious pandemics. The interval fasting is performed by daily complete refraining from food for at least 12 hours with a 12h:12h ratio of fasting and food consumption periods. Increasing the fasting period, for example to 18h:6h, enhances the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of intermittent fasting.

scholarly journals Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress in Cancer and Aging: Focus on Sirtuins and Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enza Vernucci ◽  
Carlo Tomino ◽  
Francesca Molinari ◽  
Dolores Limongi ◽  
Michele Aventaggiato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
Cellular Adaptation ◽  
Invasive Strategy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Mitochondria are the cellular center of energy production and of several important metabolic processes. Mitochondrion health is maintained with a substantial intervention of mitophagy, a process of macroautophagy that degrades selectively dysfunctional and irreversibly damaged organelles. Because of its crucial duty, alteration in mitophagy can cause functional and structural adjustment in the mitochondria, changes in energy production, loss of cellular adaptation, and cell death. In this review, we discuss the dual role that mitophagy plays in cancer and age-related pathologies, as a consequence of oxidative stress, evidencing the triggering stimuli and mechanisms and suggesting the molecular targets for its therapeutic control. Finally, a section has been dedicated to the interplay between mitophagy and therapies using nanoparticles that are the new frontier for a direct and less invasive strategy.

scholarly journals Mitophagy in carcinogenesis, drug resistance and anticancer therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Guan ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Kai Shen ◽  
Quanfu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Anticancer Therapeutics

AbstractThe mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a vital role in energy production, cytoplasmic protein degradation and cell death. Mitophagy is an autophagic procedure that specifically clears damaged mitochondria and maintains its homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that mitophagy is involved in many physiological processes, including cellular homeostasis, cellular differentiation and nerve protection. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in mammals and yeasts and highlight the recent advances relevant to its function in carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Finally, a section has been dedicated to describing the role of mitophagy in anticancer therapeutics, which is a new frontier that offers a precise and promising strategy.

scholarly journals An Extremal Problem with Applications to Renewable Energy Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ashley ◽  
Emilio Carrizosa ◽  
Enrique Fernández-Cara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Iterative Algorithms ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Convergence Properties ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
Dynamic Optimisation ◽  
Solar Power Tower ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Realistic Data

Dynamic optimisation provides complex challenges for optimal solution, but greatly in- creases applicability when considering time dependent situations. In this work, a constrained dynamic optimisation problem is analysed and subsequently applied to the resolution of a real-world engineering problem concerning Solar Power Tower plants. We study the ex- istence of solutions and deduce an appropriate optimality characterisation in this applied framework. Two iterative algorithms are presented, convergence properties are discussed and a numerical illustration is given utilising realistic data. Finally, conclusions are drawn on the considered model and some ideas for future work are discussed.

scholarly journals Progression of Cognitive-Affective States During Learning in Kindergarteners: Bringing Together Physiological, Observational and Performance Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Priyashri Kamlesh Sridhar ◽  
Suranga Nanayakkara
Keyword(s):  
Data Sources ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Physiological Markers

It has been shown that combining data from multiple sources, such as observations, self-reports, and performance with physiological markers offers better insights into cognitive-affective states during the learning process. Through a study with 12 kindergarteners, we explore the role of utilizing insights from multiple data sources, as a potential arsenal to supplement and complement existing assessments methods in understanding cognitive-affective states across two main pedagogical approaches—constructionist and instructionist—as children explored learning a chosen Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) concept. We present the trends that emerged across pedagogies from different data sources and illustrate the potential value of additional data channels through case illustrations. We also offer several recommendations for such studies, particularly when collecting physiological data, and summarize key challenges that provide potential avenues for future work.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fruit and Vegetable Residues Suitable for Renewable Energy Production: GIS-Based Model for Developing New Frontiers within the Context of Circular Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Roberta Selvaggi ◽  
Francesca Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Vegetable Wastes

Due to the necessity of developing renewable energy sources, the anaerobic digestion for producing biomethane has developed significantly in the last years, since it allows to both reduce disposal treatment and produce green energy. In this field, fruit and vegetable wastes have been recently put forward, since they could represent a suitable resource for producing biomethane as a new frontier within the context of a circular economy. This study aims at filling the gap in the knowledge of the production, quantities and biogas potential production of these residues. On this basis, a GIS-based model was developed and applied to the Sicily region by investigating the specific regulatory framework as well as by analysing descriptive statistics. The results of the GIS analyses enabled the localisation of the highest productive territorial areas and highlighted where fruit and vegetable wastes are abundantly located. In this regard, about 7 million Nm3 of biogas could be produced by reusing only the fruit and vegetable residues coming from the three most representative Sicilian wholesale markets among those considered. Finally, the regulatory framework is of crucial importance in inhibiting or supporting the use of the selected biomass in a specific sector, with regard to the case study considered.

scholarly journals Sex-specific effects of small-sided games in basketball on psychometric and physiological markers during Ramadan intermittent fasting: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seifeddine Brini ◽  
Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
Sghaeir Zouita ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Physiological Markers

Abstract Background We assessed the effects of gender, in association with a four-week small-sided games (SSGs) training program, during Ramadan intermitting fasting (RIF) on changes in psychometric and physiological markers in professional male and female basketball players. Methods Twenty-four professional basketball players from the first Tunisian (Tunisia) division participated in this study. The players were dichotomized by sex (males [GM = 12]; females [GF = 12]). Both groups completed a 4 weeks SSGs training program with 3 sessions per week. Psychometric (e.g., quality of sleep, fatigue, stress, and delayed onset of muscle soreness [DOMS]) and physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate frequency, blood lactate) were measured during the first week (baseline) and at the end of RIF (post-test). Results Post hoc tests showed a significant increase in stress levels in both groups (GM [− 81.11%; p < 0.001, d = 0.33, small]; GF [− 36,53%; p = 0.001, d = 0.25, small]). Concerning physiological parameters, ANCOVA revealed significantly lower heart rates in favor of GM at post-test (1.70%, d = 0.38, small, p = 0.002). Conclusions Our results showed that SSGs training at the end of the RIF negatively impacted psychometric parameters of male and female basketball players. It can be concluded that there are sex-mediated effects of training during RIF in basketball players, and this should be considered by researchers and practitioners when programing training during RIF.

Warm-Up Practices in Elite Snowboard Athletes

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben C. Sporer ◽  
Anita Cote ◽  
Gordon Sleivert
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work

Purpose:The purpose of this project was to observe current warm-up practices in snowboard athletes and evaluate their physiological impact before competition.Methods:An observational design was used to monitor 4 athletes (2 female) at an Open National Snowboard Cross Championships. Activity patterns, core temperature, heart rate (HR), and time between warm-up and competition were measured. Athlete ratings of thermal comfort (TC) and thermal sensation (TS) were recorded before competition.Results:Significant barriers and challenges to an optimal warm-up included delays, environment, and logistics. Time gaps between structured warm-up and competition start time were in excess of 1 h (median = 68.8 min). Median average HR for 10 min (HR10) did not exceed 120 beats/min in the hour preceding competition, suggesting a suboptimal warmup intensity. Athletes rated their TC between comfortable and slightly uncomfortable and TS as neutral to slightly warm before the start of qualifications and finals.Conclusions:The observations of this project suggest significant gaps in current warm-up strategies used in snowboarding. These include inadequate general aerobic warm-up (based on intensity and duration), excessive time between warm-up and competition, and lack of a consistent and structured warm-up protocol. Future work is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of different warm-up strategies on muscle temperature and performance while determining the optimal length of time between warm-up and competition.

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