Women, older age, faster cycling speed and increased wind speeds are independent risk factors for acute injury-related medical encounters during a 109 km mass community-based participation cycling event: a 3-year study in 102251 race starters—SAFER XII

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043874
Author(s):  
Jannelene Killops ◽  
Nicola Ann Sewry ◽  
Martin Schwellnus ◽  
Sonja Swanevelder ◽  
Dina Janse van Rensburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Endurance Cycling ◽  
Cycling Event ◽  
Cycling Speed

BackgroundThere are limited data on acute injury-related medical encounters (injuries) in endurance cycling events.ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors for injuries during a mass community-based endurance cycling event.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional study.SettingCape Town Cycle Tour (109 km), South Africa.Participants102 251 race starters.MethodsAll injuries for 3 years were recorded by race medical doctors and nurses. Injuries were grouped into main anatomical area of injury, and a Poisson regression model was used to determine the risk factors associated with injuries.ResultsThe four injury risk factors associated with all injuries during an endurance cycling event were sex (women vs men, p<0.0001), older age (p=0.0005), faster cycling speed (p<0.0001) and higher average individualised Wind Speed (aiWindSpeed, p<0.0001). The only risk factor for serious/life-threatening injuries was women (p=0.0413). For specific main anatomical areas: head/neck (women), upper limb (women, older age, faster cyclists), trunk (women, higher aiWindSpeed), and lower limb (higher aiWindSpeed).ConclusionWomen, older age, faster cycling speed and higher aiWindSpeed were all risk factors for acute injuries during a mass community-based endurance cycling event. These risk factors should help inform race organisers and medical teams on race day to ensure the best medical care is given, and effective acute injury prevention programmes are disseminated.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia in Northern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mukunya ◽  
Beatrice Odongkara ◽  
Thereza Piloya ◽  
Victoria Nankabirwa ◽  
Vincentina Achora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Child Age

Abstract Background Neonatal hypoglycemia is the most common endocrine abnormality in children, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The burden and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are unknown. Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia in Lira District, Northern Uganda. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study, nested in a cluster randomized controlled trial designed to promote health facility births and newborn care practices in Lira District, Northern Uganda. This study recruited neonates born to mothers in the parent study. Random blood glucose was measured using an On Call® Plus glucometer (ACON Laboratories, Inc., 10125 Mesa Road, San Diego, CA, USA). We defined hypoglycemia as a blood glucose of < 47 mg/dl. To determine the factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia, a multivariable linear regression mixed-effects model was used. Results We examined 1416 participants of mean age 3.1 days (standard deviation (SD) 2.1) and mean weight of 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). The mean neonatal blood glucose level was 81.6 mg/dl (SD 16.8). The prevalence of a blood glucose concentration of < 47 mg/dl was 2.2% (31/1416): 95% CI 1.2%, 3.9%. The risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia were delayed breastfeeding initiation [adjusted mean difference, − 2.6; 95% CI, − 4.4, − 0.79] and child age of 3 days or less [adjusted mean, − 12.2; 95% CI, − 14.0, − 10.4]. Conclusion The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was low in this community and was predicted by delay in initiating breastfeeding and a child age of 3 days or less. We therefore suggest targeted screening and management of neonatal hypoglycemia among neonates before 3 days of age and those who are delayed in the onset of breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus in People Who Use Crack-Cocaine: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Remote Region of Northern Brazil

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Raquel Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Karen Lorena N. Baia ◽  
Samara Borges de Souza ◽  
Guilherme Martins G. Fontoura ◽  
Patrícia Ferreira Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Northern Brazil

People who use crack-cocaine (PWUCC) have numerous vulnerabilities and pose a challenge to health and social assistance services. The exposure to pathogens and risk situations occur differently according to each individual, region and social group. This study identified the presence, genotypes and factors associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) exposure among a community-recruited cohort of 437 PWUCC in northern Brazil. Epidemiological information was collected through community-based assessments and interviews. Thereafter, blood and fecal samples were collected and tested for HEV using an immunoenzymatic assay, and the genotype was identified by PCR. Logistic regressions were used to identify the risk factors independently associated with exposure to HEV. In total, 79 (18.1%) PWUCC were exposed to HEV: 73 (16.7%) for IgG and six for IgG + IgM. HEV RNA was detected in six fecal samples and in two blood samples from PWUCC with IgM + IgG. Subtype 3c was identified in all of the samples. The factors associated with exposure to HEV were low monthly income, unstable housing (e.g., homelessness), crack-cocaine use ≥40 months, and the shared use of crack-cocaine equipment. The current study provides unique initial insights into HEV status and risk factors among PWUCC in a remote area in Brazil, with diverse implications for urgently improved diagnosis, prevention, and treatment intervention needs.

scholarly journals Assessment of prevalence of hypertension in an urban population: a cross sectional study in Indore city

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Modiwala ◽  
Ajit Deshpande ◽  
R. R. Wavare ◽  
S. L. Kantharia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Hypertension is growing rapidly to epidemic levels in the developing countries, that’s why described by some clinicians as a ‘silent killer’. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of hypertension among adults in urban area of Indore city.Methods: A community based survey was conducted among the 375 residents of urban population of Indore.Results: In our study 157 subjects were found to be hypertensive with the prevalence of 41.9%. Where; new cases of hypertension were found to be with prevalence of 15.7%. Out of which males were 44 (20.3%). Whereas, previously diagnosed 98 (62.4%) subjects were on anti-hypertensive medication and 59 (37.6%) newly diagnosed subjects who did not know they were having hypertension.Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension in study subjects was 41.9%. 15.7% subjects didn’t know that they were having hypertension. 31.6% of hypertensive subjects were on irregular medication. It was found that lack of awareness, negative attitude of people for practicing modifiable risk factors associated with hypertension.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Inadequate Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2740
Author(s):  
Efrat L. Amitay ◽  
Tobias Niedermaier ◽  
Anton Gies ◽  
Michael Hoffmeister ◽  
Hermann Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Inadequate Bowel Preparation

The success of a colonoscopy in detecting and removing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions depends heavily on the quality of bowel preparation. Despite efforts, 20–44% of colonoscopy participants have an inadequate bowel preparation. We aimed to assess and compare risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation and for the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasms in routine screening practice. In this cross-sectional study, among 8125 participants of screening colonoscopy in Germany with a comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and medical history, we examined factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation and with findings of advanced neoplasms using adjusted log-binomial regression models. Among the identified risk factors assessed, three factors were identified that were significantly associated with inadequate bowel preparation: age ≥ 70 years (adjusted prevalence ratios, aPR, 1.50 95%CI 1.31–1.71), smoking (aPR 1.29 95%CI 1.11–1.50) and abdominal symptoms (aPR 1.14 95%CI 1.02–1.27). The same risk factors were also associated with the prevalence of advanced neoplasms in our study (aPR 1.72, 1.62 and 1.44, respectively). The risk factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation in this study were also associated with a higher risk for advanced neoplasms. Inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy might lead to missed colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors and the late diagnosis of CRC. People at high risk of advanced neoplasms are in particular need of enhanced bowel preparation.

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