Perceptions of firearm-related harm among US adults living in firearm-owning households: a nationally representative study

2021 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2021-044389
Author(s):  
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar ◽  
Miriam Joan Haviland ◽  
Deborah Azrael ◽  
Matthew Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Firearm Safety ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Related Harm

Decision-making on having firearms at home may be contingent on perceptions of the likelihood of their negative and positive outcomes. Using data from a nationally representative survey (n=4030) conducted during 30 July 2019 to 11 August 2019, we described how US adults living in firearm-owning households perceived the relative likelihood of firearm-related harm by injury intent (‘accidentally harm self or someone else with a gun’, ‘injure self on purpose with a gun’ and ‘injure someone else on purpose with a gun’) for groups at risk of compromised decision-making (children; adolescents and individuals with mental health issues, substance use disorders or cognitive impairment). We found that US adults living in firearm-owning households believe that unintentional firearm injuries are more likely than intentional self-inflicted or assault-related firearm injuries, despite evidence to the contrary. Prior evidence indicates that communicating risk in relative terms can motivate behaviour change; therefore, findings from this study might helpfully inform health communications around firearm safety.

Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Twenge ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Gabrielle N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
New Media ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Jones Index ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Nationally Representative

In two nationally representative surveys of U.S. adolescents in grades 8 through 12 ( N = 506,820) and national statistics on suicide deaths for those ages 13 to 18, adolescents’ depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates increased between 2010 and 2015, especially among females. Adolescents who spent more time on new media (including social media and electronic devices such as smartphones) were more likely to report mental health issues, and adolescents who spent more time on nonscreen activities (in-person social interaction, sports/exercise, homework, print media, and attending religious services) were less likely. Since 2010, iGen adolescents have spent more time on new media screen activities and less time on nonscreen activities, which may account for the increases in depression and suicide. In contrast, cyclical economic factors such as unemployment and the Dow Jones Index were not linked to depressive symptoms or suicide rates when matched by year.

scholarly journals It’s Not Working: Barriers to the Inclusion of Workers with Mental Health Issues

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tess Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Santé Mentale ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Prise De Décision ◽  
Marché Du Travail ◽  
Attitudinal Barriers ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Société Canadienne ◽  
Sante Mentale

This article examines the judicial treatment of complaints of discrimination from workers with mental health issues. Equality protections promise full inclusion in social, work and community life. The principle of inclusion is understood in three inter-related parts: inclusion in the workforce, inclusion in decision-making and, in the most broad and prospective sense, inclusion in Canadian society. The current framework of equality protections has not effectively addressed these core values of inclusion for workers with mental health issues. The workplace continues to be a site of discrimination and harassment. Barriers prevent workers with mental health issues from getting or keeping employment, discourage their participation in decision-making, and entrench the devaluation, isolation and exclusion of persons with mental health issues. Accommodative measures must be alive to the concrete and attitudinal barriers experienced by workers with mental health issues.Cet article examine l’attitude adoptée par les tribunaux à l’égard des plaintes de discrimination des travailleurs ayant des problèmes de santé mentale. Les protections en matière d’égalité garantissent la pleine inclusion dans la vie sociale et communautaire et dans le marché du travail. Le principe d’inclusion comporte trois volets intimement reliés : l’inclusion dans le marché du travail, l’inclusion dans la prise de décision et, au sens le plus large et prospectif, l’inclusion dans la société canadienne. Le système actuel de protections en matière d’égalité n’a pas convenablement tenu compte de ces valeurs essentielles de l’inclusion des travailleurs ayant des problèmes de santé mentale. La discrimination et le harcèlement sont encore présents sur le marché du travail. Des obstacles empêchent les travailleurs ayant des problèmes de santé mentale d’obtenir un emploi et de le conserver, les dissuadent de participer aux prises de décisions et perpétuent la dévalorisation, l’isolement et l’exclusion des personnes ayant des troubles de santé mentale. Les mesures d’adaptation doivent tenir compte des obstacles concrets et comportementaux que doivent surmonter les travailleurs ayant des problèmes de santé mentale.

scholarly journals NEIGHBORHOOD AGE COMPOSITION AND SELF-RATED HEALTH: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S64
Author(s):  
Amanda Lehning ◽  
Amanda J Lehning ◽  
Nicole Mattocks ◽  
Kyeongmo Kim ◽  
Richard J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conceptual Work

Abstract Neighborhood age composition is an understudied area. Furthermore, existing empirical and conceptual work is conflicting, with some indicating neighborhoods with more older adults are beneficial and other scholarship suggesting it can be detrimental. Using data from 7,197 older adults from the first wave (2011) of the National Health & Aging Trends Study combined with census tract data from the National Neighborhood Change Database, we examined the association between neighborhood age composition and self-rated health. Findings from logistic regression models indicate those living in neighborhoods with a growing concentration of older residents are significantly more likely to report lower self-rated health compared to those living in a neighborhood in which older adults overall are declining (β=1.51, p < .05) or are becoming diluted by younger residents (β=.66, p < .05). Results have implications for interventions promoting aging in place, particularly for those who may be stuck in place in age-concentrated neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Neighborhood Characteristics: A Multi-Informant, Nationally Representative Study of Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Matthews ◽  
Candice L. Odgers ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
Joanne B. Newbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

In this study, we investigated associations between the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which young adults live and their feelings of loneliness, using data from different sources. Participants were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Loneliness was measured via self-reports at ages 12 and 18 years and also by interviewer ratings at age 18. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed between the ages of 12 and 18 via government data, systematic social observations, a resident survey, and participants’ self-reports. Greater loneliness was associated with perceptions of lower collective efficacy and greater neighborhood disorder but not with more objective measures of neighborhood characteristics. Lonelier individuals perceived the collective efficacy of their neighborhoods to be lower than did their less lonely siblings who lived at the same address. These findings suggest that feelings of loneliness are associated with negatively biased perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, which may have implications for lonely individuals’ likelihood of escaping loneliness.

Mental health correlates of substance use behaviors among a nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Proctor ◽  
Albert M. Kopak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose This paper aims to extend previous findings by identifying the mental health correlates of both acute and chronic substance use behaviors among a large nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders. Design/methodology/approach Survey of Youth in Residential Placement interview data from 6,920 juvenile offenders (76% male) detained in 290 US facilities were analyzed to determine bivariate relationships between two indicators of substance use (acute and chronic) and seven mental health domains (depression/isolation, anxiety, anger, trauma, inattention, hallucinations and suicidality). Findings Prevalence rates of above average indications for all seven mental health domains were significantly higher among offenders under the influence of a substance at the time they committed their instant offense compared to those not under the influence. Offenders with above average indications in the seven studied mental health areas reported a higher level of chronic effects of substance use relative to those with average or below mental health indications. Practical implications The results have important implications for the assessment and treatment of co-occurring mental health issues among juvenile offenders with substance use issues. Juveniles with above average mental health indications may be more prone to experiencing a number of substance-related problems. Observed results may guide the implementation of routine assessment procedures at the juvenile detention level. Intake specialists should screen and administer comprehensive mental health assessments for juveniles who report substance intoxication at the time of their instant offense. Juvenile offenders who report clinical levels of mental health symptoms should receive a comprehensive assessment of substance use and related problems. Originality/value Although the co-occurrence of substance use and mental health issues among juvenile justice involved populations is well documented, previous research studies in this area have included a number of limitations. Relatively small offender sample populations, often from a single facility, warrant further work with a large, nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders. Inconsistency in measures of substance use and the failure to distinguish between acute and chronic measures of substance use in prior studies also require further investigation. This study contributes to the extant co-occurring substance use and mental health knowledge base by identifying the mental health correlates of both acute and chronic substance use behaviors among a large nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders.

Attempted Suicide: A Multilevel Examination of Inmate Characteristics and Prison Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce E. Stoliker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Correctional institutions in the United States witness higher rates of suicide compared with the general population, as well as a higher number of attempted suicides compared with completed cases. Prison research focused little attention on investigating the combined effects of inmate characteristics and prison context on suicide, with studies using only one level of analysis (prison or prisoner) and neglecting the nested nature of inmates in prisons. To extend this literature, multilevel modeling techniques were employed to investigate individual- and prison-contextual predictive patterns of attempted suicide using a nationally representative sample of 18,185 inmates in 326 prisons across the United States. Results revealed that several individual-level factors predicted odds for attempted suicide, such as inmate characteristics/demographics, prison experiences, having a serious mental illness, and symptoms of mental health issues. Some prison-contextual variables, as well as cross-level interaction effects, also significantly predicted odds for attempted suicide. Policy and research implications are discussed.

Dignity and respect

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Clinical Team ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Individualized Care ◽  
Mental Health Issues

More than any other concept, ‘dignity’ captures the philosophical and professional essence of nursing. This chapter looks at how language and communication can play a pivotal role in the provision of dignified, respectful, and compassionate care. It is suggested that the promotion of dignity is a product of the professional identity of nurses and the healthcare culture within which care is enacted, acknowledging that core values need to be shared by the clinical team. Emphasis is given to practical ways nurses can utilize communication skills and take account of the physical environment, to sustain the emotional and humanistic components of caring about people, as well as for them. An important part of this process is valuing each person and working with them to develop individualized care based on shared decision-making. For certain groups of service users, there are additional challenges, and attention is given to communicating with older people, those who live with dementia, people with a learning disability, and individuals who have mental health issues or experience psychological distress.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Police Decision Making Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Adam Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Geospatial Technologies ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Police Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes

On November 26, 2020, Chief Constable Adam Palmer of the Vancouver Police Department (VPD) presented Artificial Intelligence and Police Decision Making Processes at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for questions & answers. Main discussion topics included the integration of data and information sharing systems between BC policing services at all levels, the integration of geospatial technologies into policing in BC, the benefits of introducing better business analytics into policing, and better policing for situations involving mental health issues.

scholarly journals Burden of Psychological Issues in Young, Adults and Parents Globally and in India due to COVID

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to several provinces in China. India had 15.3 million cases as of April 21, 2021, with 13.1 million cases recovered; however, 181 thousand patients died as a result of the covid. The government enforced a full lockdown across the country to break the chain of Covid infections. People became isolated from society as a result of the lockdown. They limited access to the healthcare system, as well as schools, universities, and other social institutions. The new normal was difficult for people to adjust to, the health-care system was on the verge of collapsing, and the fear of COVID caused widespread anxiety and mental health issues. According to the recent study published in Lancet on November 9, 18 percent of COVID-19 patients developed a mental health issue— like depression, anxiety, or dementia — within 3 months of diagnosis. Their risk was doubled compared to people who didn’t have COVID-19. In the study, authors examined whether a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with increased rates of subsequent psychiatric diagnoses, and whether patients with a history of psychiatric illness are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19, using data from 69 million people, 62354 of whom have been diagnosed with COVID-19.

A Profile Study of Elderly Offenders in the Community Criminal Courts of Singapore: Theorizing Geriatric Criminality

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110589
Author(s):  
Narayanan Ganapathy ◽  
Samantha Sim ◽  
Valerie Chua ◽  
Vanita Kaneson
Keyword(s):  
Revolving Door ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Elderly Offenders ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Profile Study

This research, using data from the Community Criminal Courts where a majority of elderly offenders are tried and sentenced, investigates the socio-economic profile of elderly offenders and the factors influencing their criminal motivation in Singapore. It revisits conceptualizations of offending in older age which until now has received scant attention even in Asian societies where ties to conventional institutions are thought to be “protective.” The majority of elderly offenders in this study were “revolving door prisoners” and were never in possession of any efficacious social capital that would have prevented them from committing a crime or enabled their re-entry process, a problem compounded by the study’s findings that almost 70% of the sampled offenders had experienced mental health issues. This would have spelled adverse consequences for their desistance and, conversely, their recidivist behavior, a finding that was consistent with many other studies that had examined the association between psychosis and crime.

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