scholarly journals P69 The softer they fall: a natural experiment examining the health effects of job loss before and after fornero’s unemployment benefit reforms in italy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Koltai ◽  
FM Varchetta ◽  
D Stuckler ◽  
M McKee
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Covid-19: Early evening curfews are not effective and may backfire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiris Vandoros ◽  
Alina Velias ◽  
Sotiris Georganas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, some countries have introduced early evening curfews. Several studies try measure the effectiveness of such measures across different countries, but clear identification of effects is elusive. Objective: We examined the impact of an early evening curfew on mobility by studying a shift in curfews from 9pm to 6pm in Greece. Data and Methods: We took advantage of a natural experiment in Greece, where curfews shifted from 9pm to 6pm in one Region, but not in another. We followed a difference-in-difference econometric approach, where we compared trends in mobility in groceries and pharmacies as well as residential spaces before and after the introduction of the 6pm curfew, in the two regions. Results: The relative difference in the time spent in groceries and pharmacies between the two regions before and after the intervention, is statistically insignificant [coeff: -9.95; 95%CI -44.358 to 24.458]. The relative increase in time spent in groceries and pharmacies after the 6pm curfew was only 4.625 percentage points [coeff: 4.625; 95%CI 1.412 to 7.838]. Conclusions: We found that the 6pm instead of 9pm curfew in Athens led to a 4.63 percentage point relative increase in time spent at home and had no effect on time spent in groceries and pharmacies. Considering that this was a result of a 18.75% reduction in hours where people were allowed to leave home, it seems that the early evening curfew led to more crowding in indoor spaces; which may facilitate the spread of disease. Lockdowns and other measures are necessary to tackle Covid-19, but it is important to avoid substitution by activities that contribute further to spreading the virus. Interventions should therefore be based on a thorough analysis of human behaviour.

scholarly journals Do Voters Respond to Cross-Ethnic Campaigning inDivided Societies?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Ochieng' Opalo ◽  
Leonardo R. Arriola ◽  
Donghyun Danny Choi ◽  
Matthew Gichohi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Ethnic Mobilization ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Intergroup Competition ◽  
Before And After

In order to comply with electoral rules incentivizing cross-ethnic mobilization, candidates in divided societies often campaign in opponents’ strongholds among non-coethnics. In this paper, we show that such cross-ethnic campaign rallies may actually depress outgroup candidates’ support among non-coethnics. We argue that candidates’ holding of campaign rallies in non-coethnic constituencies can inadvertently trigger perceptions of intergroup competition, increase the salience of ethnicity, and depress support for non-coethnic candidates. We leverage a natural experiment that exploits the timing of an unscheduled campaign rally held by a presidential candidate in a non-coethnic county in his opponent’s stronghold during Kenya’s 2017 election. In comparing survey respondents before and after the rally, we find that the candidate’s post-rally favorability significantly decreased among non-coethnic voters, while the proportion of voters identifying in ethnic terms simultaneously increased. These findings have important implications for the efficacy of institutional design to promote cross-ethnic political mobilization in polarized societies.

scholarly journals Walking on Water—A Natural Experiment of a Population Health Intervention to Promote Physical Activity after the Winter Holidays

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3627
Author(s):  
Jonathan McGavock ◽  
Nicole Brunton ◽  
Nika Klaprat ◽  
Anders Swanson ◽  
Dave Pancoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Public ◽  
Population Health Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Trail

Background: Very few experimental studies exist describing the effect of changes to the built environment and opportunities for physical activity (PA). We examined the impact of an urban trail created on a frozen waterway on visitor counts and PA levels. Methods: We studied a natural experiment in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada that included 374,204 and 237,362 trail users during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 winter seasons. The intervention was a 10 km frozen waterway trail lasting 8–10 weeks. The comparator conditions were the time periods immediately before and after the intervention when ~10 kms of land-based trails were accessible to the public. A convenience sample of 466 participants provided directly measured PA while on the frozen waterway. Results: Most trail users were 35 years or older (73%), Caucasian (77%), and had an annual household income >$50,000 (61%). Mean daily trail network visits increased ~four-fold when the frozen waterway was open (median and interquartile range (IQR) = 710 (239–1839) vs. 2897 (1360–5583) visits/day, p < 0.001), compared with when it was closed. Users achieved medians of 3852 steps (IQR: 2574–5496 steps) and 23 min (IQR: 13–37 min) of moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) per visit, while 37% of users achieved ≥30 min of MVPA. Conclusion: A winter-specific urban trail network on a frozen waterway substantially increased visits to an existing urban trail network and was associated with a meaningful dose of MVPA. Walking on water could nudge populations living in cold climates towards more activity during winter months.

scholarly journals Is natural experiment a cure? Re-examining the long-term health effects of China's 1959–1961 famine

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Lydia Li ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
Jinyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Natural Experiment

scholarly journals Health Effects of Involuntary Job Loss Among Older Workers: Findings From the Health and Retirement Survey

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. S131-S140 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Gallo ◽  
E. H. Bradley ◽  
M. Siegel ◽  
S. V. Kasl
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Involuntary Job Loss

PSYCHOPHYSICAL HEALTH DURING PROLONGED UNEMPLOYMENT: LONGITUDINAL DATA

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Nebojša Majstorović ◽  
Boris Popov ◽  
Jelena Matanović ◽  
Vanja Slijepčević
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
General Health ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Longitudinal Study Design ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Health Deterioration ◽  
Different Levels

Research on health effects of unemployment have shown inconsistent findings, both in terms of stability and factors of overall health during time without a job, and in terms of the significance of factors based on which one can reliably predict the health of the unemployed. The Psychophysical health scale was conducted on a sample of 222 unemployed individuals in the Republic of Serbia, in order to analyze factors of general psychophysical health. By applying a longitudinal study design, we measured general health of the unemployed from four regions in the Republic of Serbia on three occasions (March 2012, October 2012, and May 2013). During the course of the study, the results have indicated that, unemployed individuals show significantly fewer symptoms of ill-health, that women, as a group, are more vulnerable in most aspects of health, that the oldest unemployees report symptoms of health deterioration most often, and that job loss does not produce different effects on health in people with different levels of education. These results are discussed in light of findings from previous research studies.

scholarly journals Saving and Portfolio Allocation Before and After Job Loss

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 293-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH BASTEN ◽  
ANDREAS FAGERENG ◽  
KJETIL TELLE
Keyword(s):  
Job Loss ◽  
Portfolio Allocation ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Boiling and Filtering Devices on the Concentration of Disinfection By-Products in Tap Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glòria Carrasco-Turigas ◽  
Cristina M. Villanueva ◽  
Fernando Goñi ◽  
Panu Rantakokko ◽  
Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
By Products

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are ubiquitous contaminants in tap drinking water with the potential to produce adverse health effects. Filtering and boiling tap water can lead to changes in the DBP concentrations and modify the exposure through ingestion. Changes in the concentration of 4 individual trihalomethanes (THM4) (chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM)), MX, and bromate were tested when boiling and filtering high bromine-containing tap water from Barcelona. For filtering, we used a pitcher-type filter and a household reverse osmosis filter; for boiling, an electric kettle, a saucepan, and a microwave were used. Samples were taken before and after each treatment to determine the change in the DBP concentration. pH, conductivity, and free/total chlorine were also measured. A large decrease of THM4 (from 48% to 97%) and MX concentrations was observed for all experiments. Bromine-containing trihalomethanes were mostly eliminated when filtering while chloroform when boiling. There was a large decrease in the concentration of bromate with reverse osmosis, but there was a little effect in the other experiments. These findings suggest that the exposure to THM4 and MX through ingestion is reduced when using these household appliances, while the decrease of bromate is device dependent. This needs to be considered in the exposure assessment of the epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Health effects of aqua fitness on the body of women of the first mature age

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Anna Hakman ◽  
Svitlana Duditska ◽  
Andriy Slobozhaninov ◽  
Olha Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: to identify the health effects of aquafitness on physiological parameters of women of the first mature age. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks set in the work: theoretical analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical methods; anthropometric research methods; physiological methods (vital index, strength index, Robinson index, Stange test, Genchi test, Kerdo index, Rufier test, index of functional changes (Kettle index); methods of mathematical statistics. We checked the statistical significance of the difference between the indicators before and after the experiment using nonparametric Wilcoxon criteria (p≤0.05), which were used to establish the shifts of the corresponding indicators. The research was conducted on the basis of the fitness club "Sport Live" in Chernivtsi. The transformation experiment involved 24 women aged 21-31 years. Classes were held in accordance with our comprehensive aqua fitness program, which is designed for 6 months. Class duration is 60-80 minutes, three times a week. The program developed by us included exercises from the arsenal of aqua stretching, hydroshaping, aquadance, aquarism, aqua building, aqua taibo. Results. The data obtained on the somatic health of women aged 21-31 years show a significant improvement in the results (p≤0.05) of anthropometry, the functional state of the cardiovascular, respiratory system, autonomic nervous system, physical condition and performance. During the conversion experiment, the following indicators improved: life index from 45.96 ± 4.69 to 48.88 ± 0.68; power index from 35.80 ± 1.07 to 43.26 ± 0.71; Robinson's index from 85.72 ± 12.34 to 89.63 ± 10.11; barbell samples from 30. 28 ± 10.32 to 37.78 ± 12.34; Genchi samples from 16.48 ± 4.24 to 25.19 ± 4.58; Kerdo index from 5.23 ± 10.16 to 0.86 ± 8.34; Rufier's test from 12.21 ± 4.26 to 8.03 ± 2.14. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the aqua fitness program for women of the first adult age is confirmed by the results of positive changes in body weight, improvement of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the body. The proposed program of classes provides optimization of the level of physical, functional and mental condition, solving problems of correction and prevention of functional disorders in health and allows to meet the needs for leisure, recreation and self- improvement of women of the first mature age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document