Welfare state regimes, infant mortality and life expectancy: integrating evidence from East Asia

One of the most substantial additions made by the ‘three worlds of welfare’ thesis to the welfare state modelling business is that comparisons should examine what welfare states actually do rather than how much they are afforded or which services they provide. This paper extends this basic principle by comparing the health outcomes (measured in terms of infant mortality rates) of welfare states and welfare state regimes. It examines whether there are significant differences in health status between the ‘three worlds of welfare’ and to what extent a relationship exists between health and decommodification. It concludes by reflecting upon the implications for the ‘three worlds of welfare’.

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A Social Investment Turn in East Asia?

10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0024 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Timo Fleckenstein ◽

Soohyun Christine Lee

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

East Asia ◽

Family Policy ◽

Welfare States ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Female Employment ◽

Industrial Workers ◽

Social Investment ◽

Investment Policies ◽

Employment Participation

The welfare states of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan were built by conservative elites to serve the project of late industrialization, and for this reason the East Asian developmental welfare state focused its resources on those who were deemed most important for economic development (especially male industrial workers). Starting in the 1990s and increasingly since the 2000s, the developmental welfare state has experienced a far-reaching transformation, including the expansion of family policy to address the post-industrial challenges of female employment participation and low fertility. This chapter assesses social investment policies in East Asia, with a focus on family policy and on the South Korean case, where the most comprehensive rise of social investment policies were observed.

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Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279421000386 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

VINCENT BAKKER ◽

OLAF VAN VLIET

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Positive Association ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

Social Investment ◽

Investment Policies ◽

Employment Rates ◽

Marginal Returns ◽

Welfare State Regimes

Abstract Raising employment has been at the heart of EU strategies for over twenty years. Social investment, by now a widely debated topic in the comparative welfare state literature, has been suggested as a way to pursue this. However, there are only a couple of systematic comparative analyses that focus on the employment outcomes associated with social investment. Analyses of the interdependence of these policies with regard to their outcomes are even more scarce. We empirically analyse the extent to which variation in employment rates within 26 OECD countries over the period 1990-2010 can be explained by effort on five social investment policies. We additionally explore the role of policy and institutional complementarities. Using time-series cross-section analyses we find robust evidence for a positive association between effort on ALMPs and employment rates. For other policies we obtain mixed results. ALMPs are the only policies for which we observe signs of policy interdependence, which point at diminishing marginal returns. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the interdependence of social investment policies varies across welfare state regimes. Together, this indicates that the employment outcomes of social investment policies are also contingent on the broader framework of welfare state policies and institutions.

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On the Uses of Disinformation to Legitimize the Revival of the Cold War: Health in the U.S.S.R.

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/vnv7-yyy5-yan0-47ww ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 481-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Albert Szymanski

Keyword(s):

Child Care ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Public Health Education ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Data ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Employment Of Women ◽

Child Care Facilities

During the 1970s the Soviet Union experienced rising infant mortality rates and a corresponding levelling off of earlier increases in life expectancy. Several Western critics have misrepresented or exaggerated these statistics, suggesting that these trends indicate a general breakdown in the Soviet health care system as well as the failure of the Soviet form of socialism. This paper examines life expectancy and infant mortality data by Soviet republic, showing that rates are not uniform throughout the U.S.S.R. and in many cases compare favorably with those in Western European countries and the United States. It is suggested that the infant mortality problem in the U.S.S.R. is a temporary negative consequence of rapid progress in the areas of industrialization, employment of women, and socialization of child care. It is concluded that improvements in public health education, the quality of child care facilities, and the manufacture and distribution of infant formula will contribute to the rapid resolution of this problem.

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Mortality level and trend in South Africa and their Implications

Demography and social economy ◽

10.15407/dse2021.01.053 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

K. A. KYEI ◽

P. GAVHI

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Health Status ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

South African ◽

Household Survey ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Critical Measure ◽

Study Results ◽

Credible Information

Mortality is a critical measure of population’s health and public health systems. Infant mortality, for example, indicates quality of life, accessibility to primary healthcare and the overall health status of a country. Reduction in infant mortality shows improvement in the health status. No credible information about mortality in South Africa because the two previous censuses’ data from Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) were not reliable, this study makes attempt to bridge the gap in the lack of knowledge. Th is study uses South African General Household Survey (SAGHS) data, to fi nd the level and trend of mortality and their implications. Data for the years, 2012, 2013 and 2015, have been used. Demographic and statistical methods, including an evaluation of data quality using UN joint score, and construction of model life tables. The results indicated that the infant mortality rate (IMR) was 43 per 1000 in 2012, 36 per 1000 in 2013 and 21 per 1000 in 2015. Th is study further indicated that the general health status of South African population improved marginally from 2012 to 2015 because the life expectancy in creas ed by 7 years for the males, and by 8 years for females, between those years. The study results that SAGHS data are reliable, mortality is decreasing with increasing life expectancy. The study recommends that more proactive measures need to be put in place to improve the health status of the population, especially the children because the IMR is still quite high and creates concerns.

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Features of machine learning in the study of the main factors of development of countries of the world

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202111002006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

pp. 02006

Author(s):

Ludmila Borisova ◽

Galina Zhukova ◽

Anna Kuznetsova ◽

Julie Martin

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Machine Learning Methods ◽

The World

The paper analyzes the socio-economic and demographic indicators of life expectancy in the countries of the world. Methods of regression analysis and machine learning are used. Statistically significant indicators that affect life expectancy around the world have been identified. When analyzing the data using machine learning methods, 13 of the 14 analyzed indicators were statistically significant. Significant indicators, in addition to those selected in the regression analysis, were 3: the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), the Net Barter Terms of Trade Index (2000 = 100), and Imports of goods and services (in % of GDP) (in the regression analysis, only the infant death rate was significant). In addition, it should be noted that there is a significant decrease in the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) for the EU, CIS and South-East Asian countries compared to the border set in the study for all countries: 4.65 vs. 34.9, a decrease in the birth rate from 2.785 to 1.85, a sharp increase in exports of goods and services: from 23.17 to 80.59, a halving in imports of goods and services, a drop in population growth from 2.105 to 0.85. The performed statistical analysis strongly supports the use of machine learning methods in identifying statistically significant relationships between various indicators that characterize the development of countries, if there are gaps in the data.

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Better way to measure ageing in East Asia that takes life expectancy into account

Australasian Journal on Ageing ◽

10.1111/ajag.12267 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 139-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sergei Scherbov ◽

Warren C Sanderson ◽

Stuart Gietel-Basten

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

East Asia

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THE EUROPEAN WELFARE STATE REGIMES: QUESTIONING THE TYPOLOGY DURING THE CRISIS

Technological and Economic Development of Economy ◽

10.3846/20294913.2015.1055612 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 577-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kosta JOSIFIDIS ◽

John B. HALL ◽

Novica SUPIC ◽

Emilija BEKER PUCAR

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Strong Influence ◽

Welfare States ◽

Social Democratic ◽

European Welfare State ◽

Social Risks ◽

The Social ◽

Key Factor ◽

Welfare State Regimes ◽

The Eu

This paper examines the nature of changes within the EU–15 welfare states affected by the 2008 crisis. We try to answer the question of whether the differences that exist among different welfare state regimes, according to prevailing welfare state typologies, lead to different responses to the consequences of the crisis. Welfare state regimes are the result of different institutional perceptions of social risks hence it is realistic to expect specific responses to the effects of crisis among different welfare state regimes, and similar responses among the countries that belong to the same welfare state regimes. In order to recognize convergent vs. divergent processes, we perform a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the key welfare state determinants of the EU–15 countries, grouping according to welfare state regimes, in the pre-crisis and crisis periods. The results indicate that institutional rigidity and inherent inertia has remained a key factor of convergent welfare state processes in countries that belong to the Social Democratic and Corporatist welfare state regimes. Deviations from such a course are the most evident in the Mediterranean welfare state regimes, especially in Greece and Portugal where austerity measures have been formulated under the strong influence of the Troika.

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