Latin Americans and US Hispanics show differences in IBD phenotype: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. jim-2021-001846
Author(s):  
Danny Juan Avalos ◽  
Jinendra Satiya ◽  
Alberto Contreras ◽  
Shivani Trivedi ◽  
Luis Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
The Usa

Latin America has experienced a rise in the prevalence and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Differences in IBD phenotype between Hispanics in Latin America and those in the USA have not been described. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of population-based and cohort studies comparing the phenotype of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in Latin Americans and US Hispanics. A systematic search was conducted up to March 2019 using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Inclusion criterion includes studies describing IBD phenotype in Latin Americans or in US Hispanics. Exclusion criterion includes prevalence or incidence studies not describing phenotype. A random effects model was chosen “a priori” for analysis of pooled proportions. A total of 46 studies were included from Latin America and 7 studies from the USA. The predominant IBD subtype in Latin America was UC with a more balanced UC:CD ratio noted in Puerto Rico (0.53) and Brazil (0.56). UC-related extensive colitis was more common in US Hispanics (0.64) than in Latin Americans (0.38), p<0.001. CD phenotype was similar between US Hispanics and Latin Americans. UC is the predominant IBD subtype in Latin America, with the exception of Puerto Rico and Brazil which demonstrate a more balanced UC:CD ratio. In UC, extensive colitis was more frequently seen in US Hispanics than in Latin Americans. CD phenotype was similar in both US Hispanics and Latin Americans.

scholarly journals Prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e056203
Author(s):  
Paul McCann ◽  
Alison G Abraham ◽  
Darren G Gregory ◽  
Scott Hauswirth ◽  
Cristos Ifantides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
The Usa

IntroductionDry eye is a multifactorial chronic condition characterised by tear film insufficiency and instability, and ocular symptoms including foreign body sensation, itching, irritation, soreness and visual disturbance. The prevalence and incidence of dry eye are major determinants of the magnitude of economic and societal costs of the disease. This protocol proposes a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA.Methods and analysisWorking with an information specialist, we will develop search strategies for Ovid Medline and Embase for population-based cross-sectional and cohort studies involving US-based populations that report the prevalence and/or incidence of dry eye. We will include studies involving persons of all ages from 1 January 2010 to the current date with no language restrictions. We will also hand-search references of included studies, dry eye epidemiology-related systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines and literature provided by agencies and organisations. Two investigators will independently screen the titles and abstracts, and then full-text reports to determine eligibility. One investigator will extract study data and perform risk of bias assessments using tools designed specifically for prevalence and incidence studies. A second investigator will verify all extracted study data and risk of bias assessments. We will assess heterogeneity, qualitatively and quantitatively. When appropriate, we will meta-analyse prevalence and incidence estimates.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require approval by an ethics committee because it will use published studies. We will publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal and present at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021256934.

scholarly journals A systematic review of population-based studies on lipid profiles in Latin America and the Caribbean

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco ◽  
C Joel Benites-Moya ◽  
Cecilia Anza-Ramirez ◽  
Leonardo Albitres-Flores ◽  
Diana Sánchez-Velazco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
The Caribbean

We aimed to study time trends and levels of mean total cholesterol and lipid fractions, and dyslipidaemias prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Systematic-review and meta-analysis of population-based studies in which lipid (total cholesterol [TC; 86 studies; 168,553 people], HDL-Cholesterol [HDL-C; 84 studies; 121,282 people], LDL-Cholesterol [LDL-C; 61 studies; 86,854 people], and triglycerides [TG; 84 studies; 121,009 people]) levels and prevalences were laboratory-based. We used Scopus, LILACS, Embase, Medline and Global Health; studies were from 1964 to 2016. Pooled means and prevalences were estimated for lipid biomarkers from ≥2005. The pooled means (mg/dl) were 193 for TC, 120 for LDL-C, 47 for HDL-C, and 139 for TG; no strong trends. The pooled prevalence estimates were 21% for high TC, 20% for high LDL-C, 48% for low HDL-C, and 21% for high TG; no strong trends. These results may help strengthen programs for dyslipidaemias prevention/management in LAC.

scholarly journals Sodium and Salt Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies and Surveys

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco ◽  
Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sodium Consumption

Sodium/salt consumption is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although global targets to reduce salt intake have been established, current levels and trends of sodium consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies in which sodium consumption was analyzed based on urine samples (24 hour samples or otherwise). The search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus and LILACS. From 2350 results, 53 were studied in detail, of which 15 reports were included, providing evidence for 18 studies. Most studies were from Brazil (7/18) and six collected 24 hour urine samples. In the random effects meta-analysis, 12 studies (29,875 people) were analyzed since 2010. The pooled mean 24 hour estimated sodium consumption was 4.13 g/day (10.49 g/day of salt). When only national surveys were analyzed, the pooled mean was 3.43 g/day (8.71 g/day of salt); when only community studies were analyzed the pooled mean was 4.39 g/day (11.15 g/day of salt). Studies had low risk of bias. The estimated 24 hour sodium consumption is more than twice the World Health Organization recommendations since 2010. Regional organizations and governments should strengthen policies and interventions to measure and reduce sodium consumption in LAC.

scholarly journals Prevalence and incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251642
Author(s):  
Marlon Yovera-Aldana ◽  
Victor Velásquez-Rimachi ◽  
Andrely Huerta-Rosario ◽  
M. D. More-Yupanqui ◽  
Mariela Osores-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Inadequate Sample Size ◽  
The Caribbean

Aims The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Materials and methods We searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE and LILACS databases of published observational studies in LAC up to December 2020. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed using random-effects models using Stata Program 15.1. Heterogeneity was evaluated through sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses. Evidence certainty was performed with the GRADE approach. Results Twenty-nine studies from eight countries were included. The estimated prevalence of DPN was 46.5% (95%CI: 38.0–55.0) with a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.2%; p<0.01). Only two studies reported incidence, and the pooled effect size was 13.7% (95%CI: 10.6–17.2). We found an increasing trend of cumulative DPN prevalence over time. The main sources of heterogeneity associated with higher prevalence were diagnosis criteria, higher A1c (%), and inadequate sample size. We judge the included evidence as very low certainty. Conclusion The overall prevalence of DPN is high in LAC with significant heterogeneity between and within countries that could be explained by population type and methodological aspects. Significant gaps (e.g., under-representation of most countries, lack of incidence studies, and heterogenous case definition) were identified. Standardized and population-based studies of DPN in LAC are needed.

Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of population‐based studies

Epilepsia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alva‐Díaz ◽  
Alba Navarro‐Flores ◽  
Oscar Rivera‐Torrejon ◽  
Andrely Huerta‐Rosario ◽  
Roberto A. Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Caribbean

Meta-Analysis and Time Series Modeling Allow a Systematic Review of Primary HIV-1 Drug-Resistant Prevalence in Latin America and Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Coelho ◽  
Ronald Moura ◽  
Ronaldo Silva ◽  
Anselmo Kamada ◽  
Rafael Guimaraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Time Series Modeling ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals The Impact of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz ◽  
Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽  
Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Iadpsg Criteria ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of different gestational-diabetes (GDM) diagnostic-criteria on the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes. The search process encompassed PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Web of Science databases to retrieve original, population-based studies with the universal GDM screening approach, published in English language and with a focus on adverse-maternal-outcomes up to January 2020. According to GDM diagnostic criteria, the studies were classified into seven groups. A total of 49 population-based studies consisting of 1409018 pregnant women with GDM and 7,667,546 non-GDM counterparts were selected for data analysis and knowledge synthesis. Accordingly, the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes including primary-cesarean, induction of labor, maternal-hemorrhage, and pregnancy-related-hypertension, overall, regardless of GDM diagnostic-criteria and in all diagnostic-criteria subgroups were significantly higher than non-GDM counterparts. However, in meta-regression, the increased risk was not influenced by the GDM diagnostic-classification and the magnitude of the risks among patients, using the IADPSG criteria-classification as the most strict-criteria, was similar to other criteria. In conclusion, a reduction in the diagnostic-threshold increased the prevalence of GDM, but the risk of adverse-maternal-outcome was not different among those women who were diagnosed through more or less intensive strategies. Our review findings can empower health-care-providers to select the most cost-effective approach for the screening of GDM among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Occupational Asbestos Exposure and Kidney Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris C Y Pang ◽  
Kevin Phan ◽  
Md Nazmul Karim ◽  
Afsana Afroz ◽  
Matthew Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Objectives An estimated 125 million workers are exposed to asbestos worldwide. Asbestos is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 1 carcinogen. The association between occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer is not well established however. This study aimed to determine the mortality and incidence of kidney cancer in workers who have been exposed to asbestos. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer. Methods Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for articles on occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer. The studies reported the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) or standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of kidney cancer in workers exposed to asbestos. SMRs or SIRs with its 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a fixed-effect model. Results Forty-nine cohort studies involving 335 492 workers were selected for analysis. These studies included 468 kidney cancer deaths and 160 incident cases. The overall pooled-SMR of kidney cancer was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.86–1.05), with no significant heterogeneity (PQ = 0.09, I2 = 24.87%). The overall pooled-SIR of kidney cancer was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.79–1.11), with no significant heterogeneity (PQ = 0.68, I2 = 0.00%). Subgroup analysis did not find any increased association with occupational asbestos exposure. There was no evidence of publication bias with Egger’s test P values of 0.08 for mortality studies and 0.99 for incidence studies. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis did not show evidence of association between occupational asbestos exposure and kidney cancer mortality or incidence.

scholarly journals The prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Jamal Abdul Nasir ◽  
Amara Javed ◽  
Mariyam Saleem ◽  
Sundas Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Background The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors in Afghanistan through a systematic review and meta–analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library, carried out from inception to April 312,020, without language restriction. Meta–analysis was performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models with inverse variance weighting. The existence of publication bias was initially assessed by visual inspection of a funnel plot and then tested by the Egger regression test. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. This systematic review was reported by following the PRISMA guidelines and the methodological quality of each included study was evaluated using the STROBE guidelines. Results Out of 64 potentially relevant studies, only 06 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in the general population based on population-based studies were 12.13% (95% CI: 8.86–16.24%), based on a pooled sample of 7071 individuals. Results of univariate meta-regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of diabetes increased with mean age, hypertension and obesity. There was no significant association between sex (male vs female), smoking, the methodological quality of included articles or education (illiterate vs literate) and the prevalence of diabetes. Conclusions This meta-analysis reports the 12.13% prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan,with the highest prevalence in Kandahar and the lowest in Balkh province. The main risk factors include increasing age, obesity and hypertension. Community-based care and preventive training programmes are recommended. Trial registration This review was registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020172624).

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