scholarly journals 688 Knockout of the inhibitory receptor TIGIT enhances anti-tumor response of ex vivo expanded NK cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A716-A716
Author(s):  
Tayler Croom-Perez ◽  
Md Faqrul Hasan ◽  
Thomas Dieffenthaller ◽  
Liza Robles-Carrillo ◽  
Jonathan Eloriaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Inhibitory Receptors ◽  
Wild Type

BackgroundNatural Killer (NK) cells are an important immune cell population crucial for the success of many immunotherapies due to their critical role in both the innate response and in priming an adaptive immune response. Recently, much focus has been on generating highly cytotoxic NK cells for use in adoptive cell therapy and combinatorial immune-oncology therapies. The robust cytotoxicity against cancer cells and NK cell activation relies on fine tuning of activating and inhibitory signals. NK cell inhibitory receptors are often upregulated upon stimulation and activation and can be a marker for exhaustion. One of the major NK inhibitory receptors, T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), is highly expressed in ex vivo expanded NK cells. In this study, we will investigate if knockout of TIGIT in ex vivo expanded NK cells will enhance their anti-tumor activity.MethodsCRISPR was used to make a targeted TIGIT knockout (KO) in ex vivo expanded NK cells. TIGIT KO NK cells were then compared to wild type NK cells to determine any changes in phenotypic markers. IFNγ, TNFα, and the degranulation marker CD107a expression were analyzed after co-culture with cancer cells. Cytotoxicity of TIGIT KO NK cells was compared to wild type NK cells against multiple different cancer cell spheroids using a kinetic live-cell imaging assay. Multiple NK cell:target cell ratios were analyzed over time to determine killing half-time and maximum killing. Data were fit to dose-response curves to determine cytotoxicity EC50 values.ResultsCRISPR was used to efficiently knockout TIGIT in ex vivo expanded NK cells and decreased expression levels to less than 5%. After co-culture with Raji cells expressing the TIGIT ligand PVR (CD155), TIGIT KO NK cells showed increased expression of IFNγ, TNFα and CD107a. TIGIT KO NK cells showed improved killing compared to wild type NK cells. TIGIT KO cells killed more target cells faster with significant decreases in half-killing time and more than a 2-fold decrease in EC50 cytotoxicity values in 3D spheroid cytotoxicity models against six different cancer cell lines. When NK cell:target cell ratios were low, the maximum cytotoxicity was also significantly higher in TIGIT KO cells.ConclusionsKnockout of the TIGIT gene in ex vivo expanded NK cells resulted in higher functioning NK cells with increased cytokine expression, degranulation, and cytotoxicity against multiple cancer cell lines. These TIGIT knockout NK cells with improved antitumor activity provide a promising universal effector population with the potential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.AcknowledgementsWe thank FL DOH Grant #9JK04 for funding and MaxCyte for providing instrument for testing.

Further Preclinical Studies with APR-246, a Novel Anticancer Compound Currently in Clinical Trials for Hematological Malignancies and Prostate Cancer.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3773-3773
Author(s):  
Nina Mohell ◽  
Charlotta Liljebris ◽  
Jessica Alfredsson ◽  
Ylva Lindman ◽  
Maria Uustalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Dependent Manner

Abstract Abstract 3773 Poster Board III-709 Introduction The tumor suppressor protein p53 induces cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in response to various forms of cellular stress, through transcriptional regulation of a large number of down stream target genes. p53 is frequently mutated in cancer, and cancer cells carrying defects in the p53 protein are often more resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Thus, restoration of the wild type function to mutant p53 appears to be a new attractive strategy for cancer therapy. APR-246 is a novel small molecule quinuclidinone compound that has been shown to reactivate non-functional p53 and induce apoptosis. Although the exact molecular mechanism remains to be determined, recent results suggest that an active metabolite of APR-246 alkylates thiol groups in the core domain of p53, which promotes correct folding of p53 and induces apoptosis (Lambert et al., Cancer Cell 15, 2009). Currently, APR-246 is in Phase I/IIa clinical trials for hematological malignancies and prostate cancer. In the present abstract results from in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo preclinical studies with APR-246 are presented. Results The lead compound of APR-246, PRIMA-1 (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis), was originally identified by a cellular screening of the NCI library for low molecular weight compounds (Bykov et al., Nat. Med., 8, 2002). Further development and optimization of PRIMA-1 led to the discovery of the structural analog APR-246 (PRIMA-1MET), with improved drug like and preclinical characteristics. In in vitro experiments APR-246 reduced cell viability (WST-1 assay) in a large number of human cancer cell lines with various p53 status, including several leukemia (CCRF-CEM, CEM/VM-1, KBM3), lymphoma (U-937 GTP, U-937-vcr), and myeloma (RPMI 8226/S, 8226/dox40, 8226/LR5) cell lines, as well as many solid cancer cell lines, including osteosarcoma (SaOS-2, SaOS-2-His273,U-2OS), prostate (PC3, PC3-His175, 22Rv1), breast (BT474, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), lung (H1299, H1299-His175) and colon cancer (HT-29). In human osteosarcoma cell lines APR-246 reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis (FLICA caspase assay) in a concentration dependent manner being more potent in the p53 mutant (SaOS-2-His273) than in the parental p53 null (SaOS-2) cells. The IC50 values (WST-1 assay) were 14 ± 3 and 27 ± 5 μM, respectively (n=35). In in vivo subcutaneous xenograft studies in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice APR-246 reduced growth of p53 mutant SaOS-2-His273 cells in a dose-dependent manner, when injected i.v. twice daily with 20 -100 mg/kg (64 – 76% inhibition). An in vivo anticancer effect of APR-246 was also observed in hollow-fiber test with NMRI mice using the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line MV-4-11. An ex vivo cytotoxic effect of APR-246 and/or its lead compound PRIMA-1 has also been shown in primary cells from AML and CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) patients, harbouring both hemizygously deleted p53 as well as normal karyotype (Nahi et al., Br. J. Haematol., 127, 2004; Nahi et al., Br. J. Haematol., 132, 2005; Jonsson-Videsater et al., abstract at this meeting). APR-246 was also tested in a FMCA (fluorometric microculture assay) test using normal healthy lymphocytes (PBMC) and cancer lymphocytes (CLL). It was 4-8 fold more potent in killing cancer cells than normal cells, indicating a favorable therapeutic index. This is in contrast to conventional cytostatics that often show negative ratio in this test. Furthermore, when tested in a well-defined panel of 10 human cancer cell lines consisting of both hematological and solid cancer cell lines, the cytotoxicity profile/activity pattern of APR-246 differed from common chemotherapeutic drugs (correlation coefficient less than 0.4), suggesting a different mechanism of action. Conclusion In relevant in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo cancer models, APR-246 showed unique pharmacological properties in comparison with conventional cytostatics, by being effective also in cancer cells with p53 mutations and by demonstrating tumor specificity. Moreover, in experimental safety/toxicology models required to start clinical trials, APR-246 was non toxic at the predicted therapeutic plasma concentrations. Thus, APR-246 appears to be a promising novel anticancer compound that may specifically target cancer cells in patients with genetic abnormality associated with poor prognosis. Disclosures: Mohell: Aprea AB: Employment. Liljebris:Aprea AB: Employment. Alfredsson:Aprea AB: Employment. Lindman:Aprea AB: Employment. Uustalu:Aprea AB: Employment. Wiman:Aprea AB: Co-founder, shareholder, and member of the board. Uhlin:Aprea AB: Employment.

scholarly journals Anti-tumor effects of NK cells and anti-PD-L1 antibody with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in PD-L1-positive cancer cell lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e000873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Park ◽  
Seong-Eun Kim ◽  
Bhumsuk Keam ◽  
Ha-Ram Park ◽  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Nk Cell Cytotoxicity

BackgroundAlthough programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors show remarkable antitumor activity, a large portion of patients with cancer, even those with high PD-L1-expressing tumors, do not respond to their effects. Most PD-L1 inhibitors contain modified fragment crystallizable region (Fc) receptor binding sites to prevent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against PD-L1-expressing non-tumor cells. However, natural killer (NK) cells have specific antitumor activity in the presence of tumor-targeting antibody through ADCC, which could enhance NK cell-induced cytotoxicity. We evaluated the antitumor efficacy of ADCC via anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and NK cells against several PD-L1-positive cancer cell lines.MethodsVarious cancer cell lines were used as target cell lines. Surface PD-L1 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. IMC-001 and anti-hPD-L1-hIgG1 were tested as anti-PD-L1 mAbs with ADCC and atezolizumab as an anti-PD-L1 mAb without ADCC. NK cell cytotoxicity was measured by 51Cr-release assay and CD107a degranulation assay. Also, live cell imaging was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity in a single-cell level. NK-92-CD16 (CD16-transduced NK-92 cell line) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors, respectively, were used as an effector cell. FcγRIIIa (CD16a)-V158F genotyping was performed for healthy donors.ResultsWe demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of NK-92-CD16 cells toward PD-L1-positive cancer cell lines was significantly enhanced in the presence of anti-PD-L1 mAb with ADCC. We also noted a significant increase in primary human NK cell cytotoxicity against PD-L1-positive human cancer cells when cocultured with anti-PD-L1 mAb with ADCC. Moreover, NK cells expressing a FCGR3A high-affinity genotype displayed higher anti-PD-L1 mAb-mediated ADCC lysis of tumor cells than donors with a low-affinity genotype.ConclusionThese results suggest that NK cells induce an ADCC response in combination with anti-PD-L1 mAbs, which helps promote ADCC antitumor activity against PD-L1-positive tumors. This study provides support for NK cell immunotherapy against high PD-L1-expressing tumors in combination with ADCC through anti-PD-L1 mAbs.

470 Targeting Pan-Tumor Associated Antigen B7H3 via Combination of Tri-specific Killer Engager and Off-the-shelf NK Cell Therapy Enhances Specificity and Function Against a Broad Range of Solid Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A500-A500
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Miller ◽  
Nicholas Zorko ◽  
Behiye Kodal ◽  
Zachary Davis ◽  
Alexander Lenvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova

BackgroundB7H3 is a tumor associated antigen (TAA), found on numerous malignancies including prostate, lung, and breast cancers. High levels of B7H3 expression are correlated with late stage disease and poor prognosis. Furthermore, B7H3 is minimally expressed on normal tissue, making it an ideal TAA for broad cancer treatment strategy. We developed a tri-specific killer engager (TriKETM) consisting of a nanobody anti-CD16, IL-15, and nanobody anti-B7H3 joined by flexible linkers (camB7H3 TriKE) (figure 1A). The combination of B7H3 TriKE with an off-the-shelf NK cell therapy presents an appealing therapeutic strategy for the treatment of solid tumors with decreased risk of toxicity in allogeneic settings compared to T-cell derived products.MethodsAn anti-B7H3 nanobody was developed via biopanning and cloned into a TriKE vector. TriKE was produced in Expi293 cells and affinity purified using poly-His tag. NK cells were co-incubated with cell lines exhibiting a range of B7H3 expression and with 3nM of camelid B7H3 TriKE or control. We have previously derived NK cells expressing high affinity non-cleavable hnCD16, CD38 KO, and IL-15/IL-15R fusion from clonal master engineered iPSC lines. Engineered iNK cells were tested in conjunction with the TriKE. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical comparisons as noted in figure legendsResultsEngineered iNK cells co-incubated with camB7H3 TriKE and C4-2 prostate cells significantly increased degranulation (CD107a) and cytokine production (IFN-gamma) compared to controls (figure 1B/C, P<0.05, n=3). camB7H3 TriKE directly bound C4-2 cells with an estimated EC50 of approximately 3nM. camB7H3 TriKE increased percentages of engineered iNK cells dividing robustly (3 or more times) compared to corresponding IL-15 doses at 3 nM (figure 1D, P<0.001, n=3). Furthermore, camB7H3 TriKE enhanced cytotoxic activity of engineered iNK cells against a variety of tumor cells in 2D and spheroid format independent of cytokine support (figure 1E-F). Engineered iNK cells incorporating an anti-B7H3 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is also being developed and will be discussed.Abstract 470 Figure 1A) Schematic of TriKE molecule demonstrating spatial relationship of anti-CD16 nanobody, IL-15, and anti-B7H3 nanobody with flexible linker regions. B) Percent of PB NK cells CD107a as a marker of NK degranulation. Unselected PBMCs were stimulated with 3nM camB7H3 TriKE, 3nM IL-15, or no treatment with B7H3-expressing C4-2 prostate cancer cell lines Cells were stimulated for 5 hours and evaluated for degranulation (surface CD107a) by flow cytometry, gating on the NK (CD56+CD3-) population (displayed). Graphs display mean ± SEM. P<0.05 using repeated measures ANOVA. C) Percent of PB NK cells expressing intracellular interferon-gamma. Unselected PBMCs were stimulated with 3nM camB7H3 TriKE, 3nM IL-15, or no treatment with B7H3-expressing C4-2 prostate cancer cell lines Cell were stimulated for 5 hours and evaluated for degranulation (surface CD107a) by flow cytometry, gating on the NK (CD56+CD3-) population (displayed). Graphs display mean ± SEM. P<0.05 using repeated measures ANOVA. D) Percent of PB NK cells dividing robustly (3 or more times) over a 7 day stimulation with 3nM camB7H3 TriKE, 3nM IL-15, or no treatment. PBMCs were incubated with Cell-Trace Violet reagent prior to stimulation. Graphs display mean ± SEM. P<0.001 using repeated measures ANOVA. E) Representative 2D IncuCyte images of PC3 prostate cancer cell lines transduced with NucLight Red. Cells were co-incubated with iNK alone, iNK with 3nM IL-15 or iNK with 3 nM antiB7H3 TriKE. Images represent remaining NucLight Red transduced PC3 cells after 72 hours of co-incubation as noted above. F) Representative microspheriod IncuCyte images of PC3 prostate cancer lines transduced with NucLight Red. Cells were co-incubated with iNK cells alone, iNK with 3 nM IL-15 or iNK with 3 nM antiB7H3 TriKE. Images represent remaining NucLight Red transduced PC3 cells after 72 hours of co-incubation as noted aboveConclusionscamB7H3 TriKE dramatically increases function and activation on endogenous NK cells as well as engineered iNK cell, which can be adoptively transferred to patients with a broad range of cancers, including prostate cancer. TriKE activity was potent across a broad concentration spectrum and corresponded directly with B7H3 target expression. These studies represent the proof-of-concept of a novel pairing of off-the-shelf, engineered iNK cells with B7H3-directed pan-cancer engager molecules (TriKEs and CARs) to enhance specificity, persistence and anti-tumor function.

Synthesis and Characterization of Quinoline-3-Carboxamide Derivatives as Inhibitors of the ATM Kinase

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 2070-2079
Author(s):  
Srimadhavi Ravi ◽  
Sugata Barui ◽  
Sivapriya Kirubakaran ◽  
Parul Duhan ◽  
Kaushik Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Atm Kinase ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Background: The importance of inhibiting the kinases of the DDR pathway for radiosensitizing cancer cells is well established. Cancer cells exploit these kinases for their survival, which leads to the development of resistance towards DNA damaging therapeutics. Objective: In this article, the focus is on targeting the key mediator of the DDR pathway, the ATM kinase. A new set of quinoline-3-carboxamides, as potential inhibitors of ATM, is reported. Methods: Quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and cytotoxicity assay was performed to analyze the effect of molecules on different cancer cell lines like HCT116, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231. Results: Three of the synthesized compounds showed promising cytotoxicity towards a selected set of cancer cell lines. Western Blot analysis was also performed by pre-treating the cells with quercetin, a known ATM upregulator, by causing DNA double-strand breaks. SAR studies suggested the importance of the electron-donating nature of the R group for the molecule to be toxic. Finally, Western-Blot analysis confirmed the down-regulation of ATM in the cells. Additionally, the PTEN negative cell line, MDA-MB-468, was more sensitive towards the compounds in comparison with the PTEN positive cell line, MDA-MB-231. Cytotoxicity studies against 293T cells showed that the compounds were at least three times less toxic when compared with HCT116. Conclusion: In conclusion, these experiments will lay the groundwork for the evolution of potent and selective ATM inhibitors for the radio- and chemo-sensitization of cancer cells.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation: 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-1- carbonyl derivatives as FGFR Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1330-1341
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Niefang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Carbonyl Derivatives ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Background: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their high affinity receptors (FGFRs) play a major role in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Aberrant FGFR signaling pathway might accelerate development in a broad panel of malignant solid tumors. However, the full application of most existing small molecule FGFR inhibitors has become a challenge due to the potential target mutation. Hence, it has attracted a great deal of attention from both academic and industrial fields for hunting for novel FGFR inhibitors with potent inhibitory activities and high selectivity. Objective: Novel 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as FGFR inhibitors. Methods: A series of 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl derivatives were established by a condensation of the suitable formyl acetonitrile derivatives with either hydrazine or hydrazide derivatives in the presence of anhydrous ethanol or toluene. The inhibitory activities of the target compounds were screened against the FGFRs and two representative cancer cell lines. Tests were carried out to observe the inhibition of 8e against FGFR phosphorylation and downstream signal phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-16). The molecular docking of all the compounds were performed using Molecular Operating Environment in order to evaluate their binding abilities with the corresponding protein kinase. Results: A series of 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl derivatives have been designed and synthesized, screened for their inhibitory activities against FGFRs and cancer cell lines. Most of the target compounds showed moderate to good anti-proliferate activities against the tested enzymes and cell lines. The most promising compounds 8e suppressed FGFR1-3 with IC50 values of 56.4, 35.2, 95.5 nM, and potently inhibited the SNU-16 and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.71 1.26 μM, respectively. And 8e inhibited the growth of cancer cells containing FGFR activated by multiple mechanisms. In addition, the binding interactions were quite similar in the molecular models between generated compounds and Debio-1347 with the FGFR1. Conclusion: According to the experimental findings, 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl might serve as a promising template of an FGFR inhibitor.

Small Molecular Leads Differentially Active Against HER2 Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 738-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Badran ◽  
Atia-tul-Wahab ◽  
Sharmeen Fayyaz ◽  
Elias Baydoun ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Type

Background:Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women globally. It is characterized by distinct subtypes depending on different gene expression patterns. Oncogene HER2 is expressed on the surface of cell and is responsible for cell growth regulation. Increase in HER2 receptor protein due to gene amplification, results in aggressive growth, and high metastasis in cancer cells.Methods:The current study evaluates and compares the anti-breast cancer effect of commercially available compounds against HER2 overexpressing BT-474, and triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.Results:Preliminary in vitro cell viability assays on these cell lines identified 6 lead molecules active against breast cancer. Convallatoxin (4), a steroidal lactone glycoside, showed the most potent activity with IC50 values of 0.63 ± 0.56, and 0.69 ± 0.59 µM against BT-474 and MDA-MB-231, respectively, whereas 4-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy] phenol (3) a phenol derivative, and Reserpine (5) an indole alkaloid selectively inhibited the growth of BT-474, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, respectively.Conclusion:These results exhibited the potential of small molecules in the treatment of HER2 amplified and triple negative breast cancers in vitro.

scholarly journals Antiplatelet Therapy Combined with Anastrozole Induces Features of Partial EMT in Breast Cancer Cells and Fails to Mitigate Breast-Cancer Induced Hypercoagulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4153
Author(s):  
Kutlwano R. Xulu ◽  
Tanya N. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Thromboembolic complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Cancer patients often present with an increased risk for thrombosis including hypercoagulation, so the application of antiplatelet strategies to oncology warrants further investigation. This study investigated the effects of anastrozole and antiplatelet therapy (aspirin/clopidogrel cocktail or atopaxar) treatment on the tumour responses of luminal phenotype breast cancer cells and induced hypercoagulation. Ethical clearance was obtained (M150263). Blood was co-cultured with breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D) pre-treated with anastrozole and/or antiplatelet drugs for 24 h. Hypercoagulation was indicated by thrombin production and platelet activation (morphological and molecular). Gene expression associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed in breast cancer cells, and secreted cytokines associated with tumour progression were evaluated. Data were analysed with the PAST3 software. Our findings showed that antiplatelet therapies (aspirin/clopidogrel cocktail and atopaxar) combined with anastrozole failed to prevent hypercoagulation and induced evidence of a partial EMT. Differences in tumour responses that modulate tumour aggression were noted between breast cancer cell lines, and this may be an important consideration in the clinical management of subphenotypes of luminal phenotype breast cancer. Further investigation is needed before this treatment modality (combined hormone and antiplatelet therapy) can be considered for managing tumour associated-thromboembolic disorder.

scholarly journals Super Magnetic Niosomal Nanocarrier as a New Approach for Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Case Study on SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7948
Author(s):  
Elham Jamshidifar ◽  
Faten Eshrati Yeganeh ◽  
Mona Shayan ◽  
Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki ◽  
Mahsa Bourbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Silica Layer

In the present study, a magnetic niosomal nanocarrier for co-delivery of curcumin and letrozole into breast cancer cells has been designed. The magnetic NiCoFe2O4 core was coated by a thin layer of silica, followed by a niosomal structure, allowing us to load letrozole and curcumin into the silica layer and niosomal layer, respectively, and investigate their synergic effects on breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the nanocarriers demonstrated a pH-dependent release due to the niosomal structure at their outer layer, which is a promising behavior for cancer treatment. Additionally, cellular assays revealed that the nanocarriers had low cellular uptake in the case of non-tumorigenic cells (i.e., MCF-10A) and related high viability but high cellular uptake in cancer cell lines (i.e., MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) and related low viability, which is evidenced in their high cytotoxicity against different breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the letrozole/curcumin co-loaded nanocarrier is higher than that of the aqueous solutions of both drugs, indicating their enhanced cellular uptake in their encapsulated states. In particular, NiCoFe2O4@L-Silica-L@C-Niosome showed the highest cytotoxicity effects on MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. The observed cytotoxicity was due to regulation of the expression levels of the studied genes in breast cancer cells, where downregulation was observed for the Bcl-2, MMP 2, MMP 9, cyclin D, and cyclin E genes while upregulation of the expression of the Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 genes was observed. The flow cytometry results also revealed that NiCoFe2O4@L-Silica-L@C-Niosome enhanced the apoptosis rate in both MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells compared to the control samples. The findings of our research show the potential of designing magnetic niosomal formulations for simultaneous targeted delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs into cancer cells in order to enhance their synergic chemotherapeutic effects. These results could open new avenues into the future of nanomedicine and the development of theranostic agents.

scholarly journals Use of Half-Generation PAMAM Dendrimers (G0.5–G3.5) with Carboxylate End-Groups to Improve the DACHPtCl2 and 5-FU Efficacy as Anticancer Drugs

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2924
Author(s):  
Cláudia Camacho ◽  
Helena Tomás ◽  
João Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Ic50 Values

The DACHPtCl2 compound (trans-(R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexanedichloroplatinum(II)) is a potent anticancer drug with a broad spectrum of activity and is less toxic than oxaliplatin (trans-l-diaminocyclohexane oxalate platinum II), with which it shares the active metal fragment DACHPt. Nevertheless, due to poor water solubility, its use as a chemotherapeutic drug is limited. Here, DACHPtCl2 was conjugated, in a bidentate form, with half-generation PAMAM dendrimers (G0.5–G3.5) with carboxylate end-groups, and the resulting conjugates were evaluated against various types of cancer cell lines. In this way, we aimed at increasing the solubility and availability at the target site of DACHPt while potentially reducing the adverse side effects. DNA binding assays showed a hyperchromic effect compatible with DNA helix’s disruption upon the interaction of the metallodendrimers and/or the released active metallic fragments with DNA. Furthermore, the prepared DACHPt metallodendrimers presented cytotoxicity in a wide set of cancer cell lines used (the relative potency regarding oxaliplatin was in general high) and were not hemotoxic. Importantly, their selectivity for A2780 and CACO-2 cancer cells with respect to non-cancer cells was particularly high. Subsequently, the anticancer drug 5-FU was loaded in a selected metallodendrimer (the G2.5COO(DACHPt)16) to investigate a possible synergistic effect between the two drugs carried by the same dendrimer scaffold and tested for cytotoxicity in A2780cisR and CACO-2 cancer cell lines. This combination resulted in IC50 values much lower than the IC50 for 5-FU but higher than those found for the metallodendrimers without 5-FU. It seems, thus, that the metallic fragment-induced cytotoxicity dominates over the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in the set of considered cell lines.

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