scholarly journals O7C.5 Assessing the impact of intervention on future lung cancer burden among construction workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A65.3-A66
Author(s):  
Chaojie Song ◽  
Kate Jardine ◽  
Victoria Arrandale ◽  
Young Jung ◽  
Amir Mofidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Background and objectivesConstruction workers are exposed to several carcinogens at work. Implementing intervention methods may reduce workers’ exposure, which should subsequently reduce the number of cancer cases attributable to the exposure. The current study estimates the future lung cancer burden due to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure among Ontario construction workers, and assesses the impact of implementing interventions on this burden.MethodsThe annual number of new cancer cases attributable to RCS was estimated from 2030 to 2060 using Levin’s equation based on the prevalence of exposure (PrE) and the risk of cancer (RR) associated with RCS exposure. The RR was selected from a review of the epidemiologic literature. The PrE was estimated using CAREX Canada’s estimates of prevalence and level of exposure, combined with historical and projected employment data, labour force characteristics, and survival probabilities. The intervention methods (personal protective equipment, wet cutting) were assumed to be fully implemented from 2020, and incorporated into the model by adjusting prevalence and level of exposure downwards.ResultsWe estimated that without intervention, 107 lung cancers would be attributable to RCS exposure in Ontario construction workers in 2030.This number increased to 181 in 2060. If intervention methods were applied, the reduction in the attributable cases became evident from 2040 onward, with a maximum reduction of 51 cancers in 2060. Overall, 481 cancers would be prevented between 2030 and 2060, which is 11% of the total cases if the interventions were not implemented.ConclusionsFuture work-related cancers can be prevented by reducing workers’ exposure. Combining the economic assessment of both the cancer burden and the costs of implementing exposure controls will help to assess the cost-benefit of different intervention methods, which can be used to direct intervention strategies in construction workplace.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Risk Factors for Cancer and the Preventive Opportunities: Current Status, Future Perspectives, and Implications for India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Ramani ◽  
Ganesha D. V. ◽  
Radheshyam Naik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Clinical cancer can arise from heterogenous pathways through various genetic mutations. Although we cannot predict the timeline by which an individual will develop cancer, certain risk assessment tools can be used among high-risk groups for focusing the preventive activities. As primary level of cancer prevention, healthy lifestyle approach is being promoted. The etiological factors for lung cancer include by-products of industrialization and air pollution. We need to factor the increase in household air pollution as well. Methods “PubMed” database and Google search engines were used for searching the relevant articles. Search terms with Boolean operators used include “Cancer prevention,” “Missed opportunities in cancer causation,” and “incidence of risk factors.” This review includes 20 studies and other relevant literature that address the opportunities for cancer prevention. Body The narrative describes the association between many of the risk factors and development of cancer. This includes tobacco, alcohol, infections, air pollution, physical inactivity, diet, obesity, screening and preventive strategies, chemoprevention, biomarkers of carcinogenesis, and factors that prolong the diagnosis of cancer. Discussion Reports from basic science research provide evidence on the potential of biologically active food components and pharmacological agents for mitigating the risk of cancer and its progression. However, some reports from observational studies and randomized trials have been inconsistent. We need to recognize the impact of sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, culture, and comorbid illness on preventive interventions. Spiral computed tomographic scan is a robust tool for early detection of lung cancer. Conclusion Infectious etiology for specific cancers provides opportunities for prevention and treatment. The complex interplay between man and microbial flora needs to be dissected, for understanding the pathogenesis of relevant malignancies. For reducing the morbidity of cancer, we need to focus on prevention as a priority strategy and intervene early during the carcinogenic process.

scholarly journals The burden of cancer in Belgium, 2004-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cornez ◽  
G Silversmit ◽  
V Gorasso ◽  
I Grant ◽  
G M A Wyper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Belgian Population ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Monitoring the health status of a population requires consistent and comparable data on the morbidity and mortality impacts of a disease. The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is an increasingly used disease burden indicator, combining healthy life years lost due to living with disease (Years Lived with Disability; YLDs) and due to dying prematurely (Years of Life Lost; YLLs). In Belgium, as in many other developed countries, cancer is a major contributor to the overall burden of disease. To date, however, local estimates of the burden of cancer are lacking. Methods We estimated the burden of 48 cancers in Belgium from 2004 to 2017 in terms of DALYs, using national population-based cancer registry data and international disease models. We developed a microsimulation model to translate incidence- into prevalence-based estimates, and used expert elicitation to integrate the long-term impact of surgical treatment. Results In 2017, in Belgium, breast cancer was the cancer with the highest disease burden among women, followed by lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Among men, lung cancer had the highest disease burden, followed by colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. Between 2004 and 2017, the burden of lung cancer increased by more than 50% in women, while in both sexes, significant increases were observed in melanoma and skin cancer burden. The majority of the cancer burden remained linked to premature mortality. Conclusions Cancer maintains a major impact on the health of the Belgian population. Current resources allocated for their prevention and treatment will need to be maintained to further reduce the cancer burden. Lung cancer remains a crucial challenge, among both men and women, calling for strengthened tobacco control policies. Integrating the current study in the Belgian national burden of disease study (BeBOD) will allow monitoring the burden of cancer over time, highlighting new trends and assessing the impact of public health policies. Key messages Burden of disease studies allow assessing and monitoring the impact of diseases and risk factors in a comparable way. Cancer maintains a major impact on the health of the Belgian population; lung cancer in particular remains a crucial challenge.

How much data is enough? Financial optimisation of condition assessment spending to support pipeline replacement decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
Kevin Laven ◽  
Fionn Boyle ◽  
Roel Diemel ◽  
Paul Murray
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Replacement Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract When facing pipeline replacement decisions, asset managers face a dilemma. Factual information about the condition of the pipelines allows better replacement decisions and capital efficiency gains. On the other hand, gathering this information is costly. Performing a cost-benefit analysis is also challenging, as the benefits are difficult to project. This paper models the financial impact of pipeline condition assessment by considering the financial risk associated with decision making errors. An economic optimization equation using the model is presented. This equation yields the Economic Assessment Level: the amount of condition information needed to minimize the total combined spending on information gathering and incorrect decisions. Case studies and examples of the impact of different levels of information gathering are presented. The results of these programs are compared with the predictions of the model, illustrating how the calculations can be used to improve capital improvement program efficiency real world situations.

scholarly journals Collateral effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on lung cancer diagnosis in Korea

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Young Park ◽  
Ye Jin Lee ◽  
Taehee Kim ◽  
Chang Youl Lee ◽  
Hwan Il Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to significantly affect patients with lung cancer, owing to its rapid progression and high mortality. Studies on lung cancer diagnosis and treatment during an epidemic are lacking. We analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on lung cancer diagnosis in Korea, where lung cancer incidence continues to rise. Methods The number of newly diagnosed lung cancer cases in three university-affiliated hospitals during the pandemic and their clinical features were compared with lung cancer cases diagnosed during the same period in the past 3 years. The effectiveness of measures taken by the study hospitals to prevent nosocomial transmission was reviewed. Results A total of 612 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer from February through June, 2017–2020. During the pandemic, the number of patients who sought consultation at the division of pulmonology of study hospitals dropped by 16% from the previous year. Responding to the pandemic, the involved hospitals created physically isolated triage areas for patients with acute respiratory infection symptoms. Wide-range screening and preventive measures were implemented, thus minimizing the delay in lung cancer diagnosis. No patient acquired COVID-19 due to hospital exposure. The proportion of patients with stage III–IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) significantly increased (2020: 74.7% vs. 2017: 57.9%, 2018: 66.7%, 2019: 62.7%, p = 0.011). The number of lung cancers diagnosed during this period and the previous year remained the same. Conclusions The proportion of patients with advanced NSCLC increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Investigating the Impact of Different Acrylamide (Electrophilic Warhead) on Osimertinib’s Pharmacological Spectrum by Molecular Mechanic and Quantum Mechanic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Patel ◽  
Iqrar Ahmad ◽  
Harsha Jadhav ◽  
Rahul Pawara ◽  
Deepak Lokwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Quantum Mechanic ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Molecular Mechanic ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Mechanic Approach ◽  
Bioinformatics Study ◽  
The Impact

Background: Lung cancer has become the prominent cause of the cancer-related deaths globally. More than 80 % of all lung cancers have been diagnosed with Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The USFDA approved osimertinib to treat patients with metastatic T790M EGFR NSCLC on a regular basis in March 2017. Recently, C797S mutation to osimertinib has been reported, which indicates the need for structural modification to overcome the problem of mutation. Objective: In this bioinformatics study, we have evaluated the impact of various acrylamide as an electrophilic warhead on the activity and selectivity of osimertinib. Result: Osimertinib analouge 48, 50, 60, 61, 67, 75, 80, 86, 89, 92, 93, 116 and 124 were the most active and selective compounds against T790M EGFR mutants compared to Osimertinib. Conclusion: These compounds also showed less inclination towards WT-EGFR.

Impact of society and national guidelines on patient selection for lung cancer surgery in the United Kingdom.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8544-8544
Author(s):  
Aina Pons ◽  
Paulo De Sousa ◽  
Chiara Proli ◽  
Sarah Ann Booth ◽  
Abigail Palmares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
N2 Disease ◽  
The Impact

8544 Background: In 2010 the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines introduced clinical decision based on patient perception of risk to make surgery more permissive and revised recommendations for broader oncologic criteria such as surgery for N2 disease to improve surgical resection rates. In 2011 the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines were updated with similar recommendations, but notable disagreement on surgery for N2 disease. We sought to conduct one of the largest cross-sectional studies to ascertain the impact of national clinical guidelines (with conflicting recommendations) on clinician behaviour. Methods: We analysed data from the UK national registry (National Lung Cancer Audit) comprising all patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2008 to 2013 within England and Wales. Categorical data was summarised as frequency (%) and continuous data was summarised as mean (SD). Linear and logistic regression analyses were used with each year as an independent categorical outcome to determine global and year specific changes in FEV1 and proportions with N2 undergoing surgery respectively. Results: From January 2008 to December 2013, data from 167,192 patients with primary lung cancers were submitted to the NLCA. In 2008, 23,293 new lung cancers were diagnosed in England and Wales increasing annually by 2013 to 29,224. The most common presentation was advanced disease stage IV (49.7%), IIIB (13.2%) and IIIA (12.0%) and early-stage disease was less frequent with presentations IA (7.0%), IB (6.7%), IIA (2.9%) and IIB (4.27%). Lung function tests were undertaken in a subset of 53,905 of all diagnosed patients from 2008 to 2013. The mean FEV1 (SD) increased annually from 67 (22)% in 2008 to 71 (24)% in 2013 (p < 0.001). Overall, 28% (n = 46,742) of the patients were preoperatively staged as N2 disease at diagnosis. The proportion of patients with N2 disease increased from 24 to 29% in this timeframe (P = 0.003). The proportion of patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer increased from 9.5% in 2008 to 20.5% in 2013 (p < 0.001). Mean FEV1 of surgical patients were higher at 79 (22)% than the population average of 69 (23)%, an accepted reflection of surgical selection. Over time, mean FEV1 of surgical patients increased from 76 (22)% in 2008 to 81 (22)% in 2013 (p < 0.001). Of the patients undergoing surgery, the proportion of patients across the 6-year interval were broadly consistent between 8 to 11% without any evidence of trend (P = 0.125). Conclusions: Within 3 years of new clinical guidelines, we did not observe any overall change in selection based on lower levels of lung function and when presented with conflicting recommendation no observable change in attitudes of clinicians on surgery for N2 disease. The observed increase in surgical resection rates is more likely due to (greater access to surgery by) increasing number of surgeons rather than any impact of guideline recommendations.

OCCUPATIONAL CANCER BURDEN: THE CONTRIBUTION OF EXPOSURE TO PROCESS-GENERATED SUBSTANCES AT THE WORKPLACE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Olsson ◽  
◽  
H. Kromhout ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Occupational Cancer ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Diesel Engine Exhaust ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Occupational Lung Cancer

Abstract. Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica, diesel engine exhaust emissions and welding fumes are widespread risk factors for lung cancer, and account for approximately half of the occupational lung cancer burden. If employers succeed in controlling workplace exposures to these process-generated substances, the fraction of lung cancers attributable to occupational exposures could be reduced dramatically.

The Impact of CO2 Emissions From Waste on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Vlad Constantin Turcea ◽  
Mihaela Madalina Mihai
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Regression

The objective of this article is to demonstrate the impact of one of many pollution forms, waste type, and impact upon human health, by analyzing the following indices: CO2 emissions from waste management for EU 28 and the annual number of new cases of lung cancer for EU 28 with the help of a simple regression econometric model. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between the previously mentioned indices. This study ascertains the indices correlation and the results are supported by several studies that have shown the link between overall pollution and human health. The present research aims at changing the perspective regarding all waste types that should be regarded as resources, not to be considered as an inevitable inconvenience.

Incorporating Economic Assessment into Capacity Allocation and Infrastructure Charging Policies for Vertically-Separated Railways

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (10) ◽  
pp. 188-201
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Prodan ◽  
Paulo F. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Capacity Allocation ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Access Charges ◽  
The Impact

Capacity allocation mechanisms and infrastructure access charges in vertically separated railways generally consider only the points of view of the train operator and infrastructure manager. External and other societal costs are not considered in setting these policies and in evaluating their impact on each player. This work proposes a methodological framework for evaluating impacts of capacity allocation and infrastructure pricing policies on society by applying a set of project evaluation guidelines that is normally used for new infrastructure projects to a set of capacity allocation and pricing policies. These guidelines use a cost–benefit analysis to evaluate the project and then understand the impact on each industry player and on society. A case study of the ScanMed corridor is used, looking at a congested section over the Oresund Bridge. The case study evaluates proposed capacity allocation mechanisms that prioritize either passenger or freight traffic. The results of this evaluation show the total impact of a particular policy on each player, including society. External costs are also considered in this evaluation. This approach can be used by decision makers to make more informed decisions when setting infrastructure charging and capacity allocation policy.

scholarly journals Collateral effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on lung cancer diagnosis in Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Young Park ◽  
Ye Jin Lee ◽  
Taehee Kim ◽  
Chang Youl Lee ◽  
Hwan Il Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to significantly affect patients with lung cancer, owing to its rapid progression and high mortality. Studies on lung cancer diagnosis and treatment during an epidemic are lacking. We analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on lung cancer diagnosis in Korea, where lung cancer incidence continues to rise.Methods The number of newly diagnosed lung cancer cases in three university-affiliated hospitals during the pandemic and their clinical features were compared with lung cancer cases diagnosed during the same period in the past three years. The effectiveness of measures taken by the study hospitals to prevent nosocomial transmission was reviewed.Results Between February and June during 2017–2020. 612 patients with lung cancer were diagnosed. During the pandemic, the number of patients who sought consultation at the division of pulmonology of study hospitals dropped by 16% from the previous year. Responding to the pandemic, the involved hospitals created physically isolated triage areas for patients with acute respiratory infection symptoms. Wide-range screening and preventive measures were implemented, thus minimizing delay in lung cancer diagnosis. No patients acquired COVID-19 due to hospital exposure. The proportion of patients with stage III–IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) significantly increased (2020: 74.7% vs. 2017: 57.9%, 2018: 66.7%, 2019: 62.7%, p=0.011). The number of lung cancers diagnosed during this period and the previous year remained the same.Conclusion The proportion of patients with advanced NSCLC increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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