Gallbladder Polyps With Metabolic Comorbidities Increase the Risk of Ischaemic Heart Disease in Korean Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jae Lee ◽  
Byoungjin Park ◽  
Kyung-Won Hong ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Jung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gallbladder Polyps ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of gallbladder (GB) polyps, as a surrogate metabolic indicator, on incident ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We also assessed the combined effects of GB polyps and comorbidities on the risk of developing IHD.Methods: We enrolled 19,612 participants from the health risk assessment study and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The control group without GB polyps consisted of 18,413 patients, and the GB polyp group comprised 1,119 patients. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD according to the presence of GB polyps using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The prevalence of newly developed IHD was 2.4% during an average follow-up period of 50 months. Individuals with GB polyps had an increased risk of IHD compared with the control group after adjusting for potential confounding variables (HR = 1.425; 95% CI, 1.028–1.975). Furthermore, the coexistence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia resulted in an increased risk (HR = 2.14, 95% CI, 1.34–3.44 or HR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.32–3.31, respectively) of new-onset IHD in the GB polyp group. However, this cumulative effect was observed only in patients with impaired fasting blood glucose (HR=1.86, 95% CI, 1.06–3.26), but not in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The presence of GB polyps was positively associated with increased risk of developing IHD and was independent of cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, GB polyps in patients with impaired fasting blood glucose increased the risk of IHD as those in the presence of the comorbidities hypertension or dyslipidaemia.

scholarly journals Gallbladder Polyps Increase the Risk of Ischaemic Heart Disease Among Korean Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jae Lee ◽  
Byoungjin Park ◽  
Kyung-Won Hong ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Jung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gallbladder Polyps ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Icd 10

Background: Gallbladder (GB) polyps and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) share some common risk factors. We investigated the longitudinal effects of gallbladder (GB) polyps, as a surrogate metabolic indicator, on IHD.Methods: We enrolled 19,612 participants from the health risk assessment study (HERAS) and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database. The primary outcome was IHD, which consisted of angina pectoris (ICD-10 code I20) or acute myocardial infarction (ICD-10 code I21) that occurred after enrolment into the study. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD according to the presence of GB polyps using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results: The median follow-up period was 29.9 months and a total of 473 individuals (2.4%, 473/19,612) developed IHD. Individuals with GB polyps had an increased risk of IHD compared with the control group after adjusting for potential confounding variables (HR = 1.425; 95% CI, 1.028–1.975). Furthermore, the coexistence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia resulted in an increased risk (HR = 2.14, 95% CI, 1.34–3.44 or HR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.32–3.31, respectively) of new-onset IHD in the GB polyp group.Conclusions: GB polyps was an independent risk factor of IHD. Awareness of these associations will inform clinicians on the need to include cardiovascular risk management as part of the routine management of patients with GB polyps.

Sex and Race Differences in the Risk of Ischemic Stroke Associated With Fasting Blood Glucose in REGARDS

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012296
Author(s):  
Tracy E. Madsen ◽  
D. Leann Long ◽  
April P. Carson ◽  
George Howard ◽  
Dawn O. Kleindorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background:To investigate sex and race differences in the association between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and risk of ischemic stroke (IS).Methods:This prospective longitudinal cohort study included adults age ≥45 years at baseline in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study, followed for a median of 11.4 years. The exposure was baseline FBG (mg/dL); suspected IS events were ascertained by phone every 6 months and were physician-adjudicated. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess the adjusted sex/race-specific associations between FBG (by category and as a restricted cubic spline) and incident IS.Results:Of 20,338 participants, mean age was 64.5(SD 9.3) years, 38.7% were Black, 55.4% were women, 16.2% were using diabetes medications, and 954 IS events occurred. Compared to FBG <100, FBG ≥150 was associated with 59% higher hazards of IS (95%CI 1.21-2.08) and 61% higher hazards of IS among those on diabetes medications (95%CI 1.12-2.31). The association between FBG and IS varied by race/sex (HR, FBG ≥ 150 vs. FBG <100: White women 2.05 (95% CI 1.23-3.42), Black women 1.71 (95%CI 1.10-2.66), Black men 1.24 (95%CI 0.75-2.06), White men 1.46 (95%CI 0.93-2.28), pFBG*race/sex=0.004). Analyses using FBG splines suggest that sex was the major contributor to differences by race/sex subgroups.Conclusions:Sex differences in the strength and shape of the association between FBG and IS are likely driving the significant differences in the association between FBG and IS across race/sex subgroups. These findings should be explored further and may inform tailored stroke prevention guidelines.

scholarly journals Long-term cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity in Israeli thyroid cancer survivors

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Izkhakov ◽  
Joseph Meyerovitch ◽  
Micha Barchana ◽  
Yacov Shacham ◽  
Naftali Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
American Thyroid Association ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective Thyroid cancer (TC) survivors may be at risk of subsequent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CaV&CeV) morbidity. The 2009 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommended less aggressive treatment for low-risk TC patients. The aim of this study was to assess the atherosclerotic CaV&CeV outcome of Israeli TC survivors compared to individuals with no thyroid disease, and the atherosclerotic CaV&CeV outcome before (2000–2008) and after (2009–2011) implementation of the 2009 ATA guidelines. Methods All members of the largest Israeli healthcare organization who were diagnosed with TC from 1/2000 to 12/2014 (study group) and age- and sex-matched members with no thyroid disease (controls) were included. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results The mean follow-up was 7.6 ± 4.2 and 7.8 ± 4.1 years for the study (n = 5,677, 79% women) and control (n = 23,962) groups, respectively. The former had an increased risk of new atherosclerotic CaV&CeV events (adjusted HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.39). The 5-year incidence of CaV&CeV was lower (adjusted HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.38–0.62) from 2009 to 2011 compared to 2000 to 2008, but remained higher in the study group than in the control group (adjusted HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.14–1.69). Conclusions This large Israeli population-based cohort study showed greater atherosclerotic CaV&CeV morbidity in TC survivors compared to individuals with no thyroid diseases. There was a trend toward a decreased 5-year incidence of atherosclerotic CaV&CeV events among TC survivors following the implementation of the 2009 ATA guidelines, but it remained higher compared to the general population.

scholarly journals Associations between concussion and risk of diagnosis of psychological and neurological disorders: a retrospective population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e000390
Author(s):  
Marc P Morissette ◽  
Heather J Prior ◽  
Robert B Tate ◽  
John Wade ◽  
Jeff R S Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between concussion and the risk of follow-up diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood and anxiety disorders (MADs), dementia and Parkinson’s disease.DesignA retrospective population-based cohort study.SettingAdministrative health data for the Province of Manitoba between 1990–1991 and 2014–2015.ParticipantsA total of 47 483 individuals were diagnosed with a concussion using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD-9-CM: 850; ICD-10-CA: S06.0). All concussed subjects were matched with healthy controls at a 3:1 ratio based on age, sex and geographical location. Associations between concussion and conditions of interest diagnosed later in life were assessed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model, with adjustments for socioeconomic status and pre-existing medical conditions.Results28 021 men (mean age ±SD, 25±18 years) and 19 462 women (30±21 years) were included in the concussion group, while 81 871 men (25±18 years) and 57 159 women (30±21 years) were included in the matched control group. Concussion was associated with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.39 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.46, p<0.001) for ADHD, 1.72 (95% CI 1.69 to 1.76; p<0.001) for MADs, 1.72 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.84; p<0.001) for dementia and 1.57 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.75; p<0.001) for Parkinson’s disease.ConclusionConcussion was associated with an increased risk of diagnosis for all four conditions of interest later in life.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Ulcerative Colitis in Patients with Periodontal Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
Kuo-Sen Tseng ◽  
Jui-Ming Liu ◽  
Heng-Chang Chuang ◽  
Chi-Hone Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Both periodontal disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are important diseases of the alimentary tract. Microbiome and immune-mediated inflammatory processes play important roles in these diseases. An association between PD and IBD may exist. This study investigated the risk of IBD in patients with PD. This study used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 1996 to 2013. A total of 27,041 patients with PD were enrolled as a study group, and 108,149 patients without PD were selected as the control group after matching by gender, age, insured region, urbanization, and income with a 1:4 ratio. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the risk of IBD. Of the 135,190 participants enrolled in this study, 5392 (4%) with newly diagnosed IBD were identified. The overall incidence of subsequent IBD was similar in both groups (3.8% vs. 4%, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94–1.08). However, an increased risk of UC in the PD group was found after adjusting confounding factors (aHR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.13–2.15; p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that patients with PD had approximately one-half higher risk of subsequent UC. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the relationship between PD and UC.

scholarly journals Corrected QT Interval Is Associated With Stroke but Not Coronary Heart Disease: Insights From a General Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Guo ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Shasha Yu ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
General Chinese Population

Background: Prolonged heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval has been associated with incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in general Western populations. However, this association is unclear in Asian population. We aim to estimate the association between QTc interval and incident CVD in a general Chinese population.Methods: We analyzed 8,867 participants age ≥35 years and free of CVD at baseline in the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study. A resting 12-lead electrocardiogram was performed on all participants, and QTc interval computed using the Framingham formula. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between QTc interval and incident stroke, coronary heart disease, and combined CVD events.Results: Over a median follow-up of 4.66 years, a total of 439 CVD events occurred (298 stroke cases and 152 CHD cases). After full adjustment, prolonged QTc defined by a sex-specific cutoff was associated with increased risk of developing stroke (HR: 1.82, 95% CI 1.20–2.75, P = 0.004) and combined CVD (HR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.05–2.19, P = 0.026). Spline analyses demonstrated no clear thresholds; when modeled as a linear relationship, each 10 ms increase of QTc interval was associated with an HR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.06–1.19, P &lt; 0.001) for stroke and an HR of 1.10 (95% CI 1.05–1.15, P &lt; 0.001) for combined CVD. Baseline QTc interval was not associated with incident CHD with either modeling strategy.Conclusions: Baseline QTc interval is associated with incident stroke and CVD in adults without prior CVD from a general Chinese population.

Long-term transportation noise exposure and incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
pp. oemed-2018-105333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Pyko ◽  
Niklas Andersson ◽  
Charlotta Eriksson ◽  
Ulf de Faire ◽  
Tomas Lind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Transportation Noise ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThere is limited evidence from longitudinal studies on transportation noise from different sources and development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke.ObjectivesThis cohort study assessed associations between exposure to noise from road traffic, railway or aircraft and incidence of IHD and stroke.MethodsIn a cohort of 20 012 individuals from Stockholm County, we estimated long-term residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise. National Patient and Cause-of-Death Registers were used to identify IHD and stroke events. Information on risk factors was obtained from questionnaires and registers. Adjusted HR for cardiovascular outcomes related to source-specific noise exposure were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsNo clear or consistent associations were observed between transportation noise and incidence of IHD or stroke. However, noise exposure from road traffic and aircraft was related to IHD incidence in women, with HR of 1.11 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.22) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.44) per 10 dB Lden, respectively. For both sexes taken together, we observed a particularly high risk of IHD in those exposed to all three transportation noise sources at≥45 dB Lden, with a HR of 1.57 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.32), and a similar tendency for stroke (HR 1.42; 95% CI 0.87 to 2.32).ConclusionNo overall associations were observed between transportation noise exposure and incidence of IHD or stroke. However, there appeared to be an increased risk of IHD in women exposed to road traffic or aircraft noise as well as in those exposed to multiple sources of transportation noise.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus infection associated with increased risk of new-onset psoriasis: a nationwide population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 786-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Li Chen ◽  
Wei-Ming Kao ◽  
Jing-Yang Huang ◽  
Yao-Min Hung ◽  
James Cheng-Chung Wei
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background This study investigated whether patients with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are at increased risk of developing psoriasis. Methods We enrolled 66 274 patients with HPV infection between 1997 and 2013 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and compared them with control individuals who had never been diagnosed with HPV infection (at a 1:4 ratio matched by age, sex and index year) in relation to the risk of developing psoriasis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the control group as reference. Results The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.177 (95% CI, 1.010–1.373) after adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, dermatology-related outpatient visits and medications. The HPV group had an increased risk of psoriasis compared with the control group in all of the different age groups. The P-value for interaction between age and exposure of HPV is 0.009 in our sub-group analysis. Conclusions A higher risk of psoriasis was found after HPV infection, and age acted as an effect modifier between the HPV infection and risk of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Risk of depression in patients with oral cancer: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Kung ◽  
Tsung-I Li ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
Shiao-Pieng Lee ◽  
Gunng-Shinng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

AbstractThis study investigates an association between oral cancers and the risk of developing depression. We conducted a total of 3031 patients with newly diagnosed oral cancers and 9093 age-, sex-, and index year-matched controls (1:3) from 2000 to 2013 were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to compare the risk of depression over a 13-year follow-up. Of the patients with oral cancer, 69 (2.28%, or 288.57 per 105 person-years) developed depression compared to 150 (1.65%, 135.64 per 105 person-years) in the control group. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the adjustment hazard ratio (HR) for subsequent depression in patients with oral cancer diagnosed was 2.224 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.641–3.013, p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that in the sensitivity analysis is the adjusted HR in the group with depression diagnosis was 3.392 and in the oral cancer subgroup of “Tongue” was 2.539. This study shows oral cancer was associated with a significantly increased risk for developing subsequent depression and early identification and treatment of depression in oral cancer patients is crucial.

A transition of C to G (rs1800796) at promoter region of IL6 gene is associated with lowered risk of elevated blood glucose in rural Thais

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchira Phosat ◽  
Pornpimol Phienluphon ◽  
Hathairad Hananantachai ◽  
Karunee Kwanbunjan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Il6 Gene

Abstract Background Inflammation has been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, polymorphisms of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines may influence the condition. This study aimed to determine the association between genetic variations in inflammation-related genes, including rs2794521 of the CRP gene, rs1800796 of the IL6 gene, and rs1799964 of the TNF gene, and risk of elevated blood glucose.Methods A total of 296 subjects were allocated to either the control group (n=135) or elevated blood glucose group (n=161). The studied single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated among 296 subjects by real-time PCR technique. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the genetic variations and risk of elevated blood glucose.Results Both dietary intake and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (CRP, IL6, and TNF-α) in the subjects with different genotypes were analogous. AG carriers of rs2794521 CRP showed the highest levels of obesity indices (BMI, waist circumference, and body fat; p<0.05 for all) compared to wild type. Homozygous variants of rs1800796 (GG) and rs1799964 (CC) were associated with significantly lower HbA1c level ( p =0.041) and fasting blood glucose concentration ( p =0.043), respectively. An association with decreased risk of elevated blood glucose was found among GG female carriers of rs1800796 [OR 0.23 (0.06-0.87), p =0.031]. A tendency towards lowered blood glucose was also seen in AGT carriers [OR 0.49 (0.024-1.02), p =0.058).Conclusions The polymorphisms rs2794521 CRP, rs1800796 IL6, and rs1799964 TNF were associated with risk of T2DM. Individuals who carried GG of rs1800796 or -717A-572G-1031T displayed a lower risk of T2DM.

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