scholarly journals Exploring Occupational Mobility

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Spier
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
One Year ◽  
Skill Shortages

This paper describes the results from an exploratory study examining whether Household Labour Force Survey panel data could be used to provide some insights into the level of occupational mobility in New Zealand. Identifying the extent to which people are leaving the occupation for which they have trained can improve our understanding of the contribution of occupational mobility to skill shortages. Overall, it was found that 7% of individuals in the sample appeared to change occupation over the course of a one year period. The groups that were found to be most likely to change occupations were young people and unskilled workers.

scholarly journals Self-Employment and Labour Market Transitions in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Shao ◽  
Mallika Kelkar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Market Transitions

Self-employment in New Zealand has been trending up in the past two years, following subdued growth between 2000 and 2010. Self-employed people made up 11.3% of total employed in the year to March 2012 (251,800 workers), compared with 10.1% in the year to March 2010. Self-employment is defined in this paper as those people operating their own business without employees. The paper explores time series trends in self-employment, in particular across three post-recession periods. Characteristics of self-employed workers are also identified. This paper also investigates movements in and out of self-employment in order to understand the recent growth in this type of employment. The analysis uses longitudinal Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) data. The HLFS provides official measures of a range of labour market indicators, including the number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force.

scholarly journals New Zealand Income Survey and Other Sources of Income Data From Statistics New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Archibald
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Larger Sample

Many social scientists are familiar with the Household Economic Survey as a source of income data. However it is not the only source. The NZ Income Survey is run annually as a supplement to the June quarter Household Labour Force Survey. It provides a rich set of income data based on a much larger sample size. In this paper I will discuss the NZ Income Survey and compare it to some of the other SNZ sources of income data.

scholarly journals Labour Underutilisation in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Flynn ◽  
Andrea Fromm
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Unmet Demand ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a preliminary measure of labour underutilisation in New Zealand using data from the Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS). Underutilisation measures add value to the suite of labour market indicators already available from the HLFS. In particular, the underutilisation rate complements the unemployment rate by providing a broader picture of unmet demand for paid employment in New Zealand. The concept of underutilisation and the necessity to measure underutilisation is based on recommendations of an International Labour Organization (ILO) Working Group on Underutilisation made in 2008. The Working Group recommended that ‘... the statistical community should devote serious efforts to introduce, at a par with unemployment, a supplementary concept which measures the employment problem as experienced by individual workers.’ The development of underutilisation measures is also important to mirror changes in increasingly transitional labour markets and to enable analysis and evaluation of these changes.

scholarly journals Unemployment Duration: Evidence from the Household Labour Force Survey

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grimmond
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Unemployment Duration ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Household Labour

Research on labour market dynamics in New Zealand has been limited mainly due to data limitations. The introduction of the quaterly Houshold Labour Force Survey (HLFS) in December 1985 has greatly increased information on the New Zealand labour market. In this study we propose to test for a relationship between unemployment duration and the ability for individuals to leave unemployment. For example, if the probability of leaving unemployment for a job declines that longer one has already been unemployed, then this could be taken as evidence in support of the Clark and Summers (1979) hypothesis that a concentrated group of persistently unemployed are a large proportion of unemployment. The evidence presented here supports this view, but doubt remains as no allowance is made for other influencing factors.

scholarly journals Underutiilsed Labour: More than the Unemployed?

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Unemployed

The official unemployment rate in New Zealand has been below 5%for nearly six years and reached a 22-year low of 3.4% in late 2007. However, official unemployment statistics understate the availability of labour given they do not include an important group of people who want to work - the marginally attached. These are people who want to work, but are either not available or not actively seeking work and therefore are not classified as unemployed.   But how different are those people that are marginally attached to the labour force compared to the unemployed? Since 1999, strong employment growth has coincided with a large drop in unemployment but the number of people marginally attached to the labour force has fallen only slightly. Using data from the Household Labour Force Survey, this paper tries to explain the reasons behind this by examining trends in those marginally attached to the labour force and whether this group is significantly different to the officially unemployed. While it is sometimes argued that those marginally attached to the labour force should be combined with the officially unemployed to give a measure of excess supply, this paper investigates whether this is sensible given they appear to be two distinct groups.

scholarly journals RESEARCH NOTE: Unions and Union Membership in New Zealand: Annual Review for 1995

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Crawford ◽  
Raymond Harbridge ◽  
Kevin Hince
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Household Labour

This note reports our most recent survey of unions and union membership in New Zealand for the year ended 31 December 1995. It builds on our earlier surveys for the 31 December years for 1991-1994. The pattern already firmly established of declining union membership has continued with unions losing a further 13,700 members in the most recent year. This represents a decline of 3.6 percent over the number of union members at 31 December 1994. These losses occur at a time when the workforce (as measured by the Household Labour Force Survey) continues to grow and accordingly union density has fallen more sharply than has union membership itself.

scholarly journals Houshold-Based Labour Force Transitions: A New Database and Some Methodological Challenges

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Callister ◽  
Susan G Singley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Household Labour

This paper explores some methodological issues related to studying household labour force transitions and introduces a new dataset based on the Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS). To illustrate the complexity of the topic, we examine the following research question: How long do "work-poor" households remain "work-poor"? We endeavour to answer this question using the Household Transitions database, created for us by Statistics New Zealand. The database compiles eight quarters of data for several cohorts of HLFS households. Our analyses raise several methodological questions. While solving these problems is important if HLFS data are to be used in studying household based labour force transition s. these issues will also have to be confronted when analysing data from the Survey of Family, Income and Employment.

Does disability modify the relationship between labour force status and psychological distress among young people?

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107149
Author(s):  
Marissa Shields ◽  
Stefanie Dimov ◽  
Tania L King ◽  
Allison Milner ◽  
Anne Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Effect Measure Modification ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo examine the association between labour force status, including young people who were unemployed and having problems looking for work, and psychological distress one year later. We then assessed whether this association is modified by disability status.MethodsWe used three waves of cohort data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. We fitted logistic regression models to account for confounders of the relationship between labour force status (employed, not in the labour force, unemployed and having problems looking for work) at age 21 years and psychological distress at age 22 years. We then estimated whether this association was modified by disability status at age 21 years.ResultsBeing unemployed and having problems looking for work at age 21 years was associated with odds of psychological distress that were 2.48 (95% CI 1.95 to 3.14) times higher than employment. There was little evidence for additive effect measure modification of this association by disability status (2.52, 95% CI −1.21 to 6.25).ConclusionsYoung people who were unemployed and having problems looking for work had increased odds of poor mental health. Interventions should focus on addressing the difficulties young people report when looking for work, with a particular focus on supporting those young people facing additional barriers to employment such as young people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Minimum Wage Workers in New Zealand: Who are they?

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Timmins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Related Occupation

The New Zealand minimum wage rate has recently experienced a sustained period of growth that looks set to continue under the current Labour-led government. Since 2002 the adult minimum wage rate has increased by 28% from $8 and hour to the current rate of $10.25. This rise in the minimum wage has outstripped average wages, which increased by 15% over the same period. This paper uses the New Zealand Household Labour Force Survey and its Income Supplement to identify minimum wage workers and describe their demographic and job characteristics. In particular, the paper examines changes in the characteristics of minimum wage workers between 2002 and 2005. Minimum wage workers, over this period, are relatively young (over a half are aged 16-25 years), predominantly female, working part-time and are likely to be employed in a Services and Sales related occupation and in the Retail and Hospitality industries. Between 2002 and 2005 there was a three-fold increase in the share of wage and salary workers identified as minimum wage workers. Minimum wage workers in 2005 were slightly older and more likely to be female, compared with 2002. In particular, the share of married females among minimum wage workers doubled and there was an increase in the share of minimum wage workers in the Health and Community Services industry sector.

scholarly journals The Declining Work Week

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hall
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Past ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Weak Growth ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Household Labour

Over the past five years average hours per worker, as recorded in the Household Labour Force Survey, have trended downwards. According to the frequently used measure of average hours per worker, total hours divided by total employment, people are now working 5% fewer hours than they were in 2004. This has contributed to weak growth in labour input over recent years. This paper uses data from the Household Labour Force Survey to examine what is behind the recent fall in hours worked per worker. It attempts to answer whether the fall has been due to compositional changes, such as population ageing and increased participation of women, or whether people are just working fewer hours than they used to. This paper estimates that up to 40% of the fall in average hours over the past five years is due to increased annual leave entitlements, while compositional changes are estimated to account for around 11%. The remainder of the fall in average hours appears to be due to a decline in hours worked within jobs. Fewer people working long hours and firms hoarding labour over the recent downturn are identified as two of the key explanations for this.

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