scholarly journals Interplay between alcohol, smoking and HLA genes in RA aetiology

RMD Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karin Hedström ◽  
Ola Hössjer ◽  
Lars Klareskog ◽  
Lars Alfredsson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesThe relationship between alcohol consumption and risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the influence of alcohol on anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive and ACPA-negative RA and investigate potential interactions between alcohol consumption, smoking and the presence of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1-shared epitope (SE).MethodsA Swedish population-based case–control study with incident cases of RA was used (3353 cases, 2836 matched controls). Subjects with different HLA-DRB1-SE status, smoking and alcohol consumption were compared regarding risk of ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA, by calculating OR with 95% CI employing logistic regression. Interaction on the additive scale between alcohol, HLA-DRB1-SE and smoking was estimated by calculating the attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction.ResultsCompared with non-drinking, low and moderate alcohol consumption was dose dependently associated with a reduced risk of ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA. Independent of smoking habits, non-drinking and the presence of HLA-DRB1-SE interacted to increase the risk of ACPA-positive RA. Among HLA-DRB1-SE positive subjects, there was also a significant interaction between non-drinking and smoking with regard to risk for ACPA-positive RA. A three-way interaction was observed between alcohol, smoking and HLA-DRB1-SE with regard to risk for ACPA-positive RA (AP 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8) that remained significant when the influence from the two-way interactions was removed (AP 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6).ConclusionsOur findings emphasize the need to investigate complex interactions between several environmental and genetic factors in order to better understand the etiology of RA. Whereas of great interest in an aetiological perspective, the finding of a protective role of alcohol on risk for RA must, however, be interpreted with caution in a clinical and public health perspective.

scholarly journals The increased risk of multiple sclerosis associated with HLA-DRB1*15:01 and smoking is modified by alcohol consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karin Hedström ◽  
Tomas Olsson ◽  
Lars Alfredsson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractPrevious studies have observed an inverse association between alcohol consumption and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. We aimed to investigate possible interactions between alcohol consumption, MS-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and smoking regarding MS risk. We used a Swedish population-based case–control study (2059 incident cases, 2887 controls) matched by age, sex, and residential area. Subjects with different genotypes and alcohol consumption habits were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression models. Interaction on the additive scale between non-drinking and both genotype and smoking were assessed by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). There was a dose-dependent inverse association between alcohol consumption and MS risk (p for trend < 0.0001). A potentiating effect was observed between non-drinking and presence of DRB1*15:01 (AP 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.5) which was of similar magnitude irrespective of smoking habits. Non-drinking also interacted with smoking to increase MS risk (AP 0.2, 95% CI 0.06–0.4). Non-drinking interacts with DRB1*15:01 and smoking to increase the risk of MS. Better understanding of the mechanisms behind our findings may help to define ways to achieve protection against MS by other means than alcohol consumption.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Richness of Rhizosphere Organisms Affects Plant P Nutrition According to P Source and Mobility

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Jean Trap ◽  
Patricia Mahafaka Ranoarisoa ◽  
Usman Irshad ◽  
Claude Plassard
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
The Relationship

Plants evolve complex interactions with diverse soil mutualist organisms to enhance P mobilization from the soil. These strategies are particularly important when P is poorly available. It is still unclear how the soil P source (e.g., mineral P versus recalcitrant organic P) and its mobility in the soil (high or low) affect soil mutualist biological (ectomycorrhizal fungi, bacteria and bacterial-feeding nematodes) richness—plant P acquisition relationships. Using a set of six microcosm experiments conducted in growth chamber across contrasting P situations, we tested the hypothesis that the relationship between the increasing addition of soil mutualist organisms in the rhizosphere of the plant and plant P acquisition depends on P source and mobility. The highest correlation (R2 = 0.70) between plant P acquisition with soil rhizosphere biological richness was found in a high P-sorbing soil amended with an organic P source. In the five other situations, the relationships became significant either in soil conditions, with or without mineral P addition, or when the P source was supplied as organic P in the absence of soil, although with a low correlation coefficient (0.09 < R2 < 0.15). We thus encourage the systematic and careful consideration of the form and mobility of P in the experimental trials that aim to assess the role of biological complexity on plant P nutrition.

scholarly journals The role of giving and receiving emotional support in depressive symptomatology among older couples: An application of the actor-partner interdependence model

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda K. Ko ◽  
Megan A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Path Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated whether perception of receiving emotional support mediates the relationship between one partner’s giving of emotional support and the other partner’s depressive symptomatology using a population-based sample of 423 couples from the Changing Lives of Older Couples study. A path model was used guided by the Actor—Partner Interdependence Model. Results indicated that spouses’ giving emotional support was related to the degree to which their spouse reported receiving emotional support. Perception of receiving emotional support, in turn, was related to lower depressive symptomatology of the support recipient. Both husbands and wives can benefit from emotional support through their perception of receiving emotional support, and spouses’ perceptions, as well as their actions, should be considered in support transactions.

Forestalling Preschool Expulsion: A Mixed-Method Exploration of the Potential Protective Role of Teachers’ Perceptions of Parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 2189-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Zulauf ◽  
Katherine M. Zinsser
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Role Of Teachers ◽  
The Relationship

Preschoolers are being expelled at an alarming rate and little is known about protective factors. One factor may be the relationship between parents and teachers. Using surveys and interviews, the present study explores teachers’ perceptions of parents and center support as they relate to teachers’ requests to have a child removed from their classroom, an action related to expulsion. Teachers who have more negative perceptions of parents and perceive less center support working with parents were more likely to have requested a removal of a child in the past year. Qualitative comparisons yield differential themes around attribution of child behavior to parents and styles of engagement with parents between teachers who have requested a removal and those who have not.

scholarly journals Organic solvents and MS susceptibility

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. e455-e462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karin Hedström ◽  
Ola Hössjer ◽  
Michail Katsoulis ◽  
Ingrid Kockum ◽  
Tomas Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Hla Genes ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Incident Cases

ObjectiveWe hypothesize that different sources of lung irritation may contribute to elicit an immune reaction in the lungs and subsequently lead to multiple sclerosis (MS) in people with a genetic susceptibility to the disease. We aimed to investigate the influence of exposure to organic solvents on MS risk, and a potential interaction between organic solvents and MS risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes.MethodsUsing a Swedish population-based case-control study (2,042 incident cases of MS and 2,947 controls), participants with different genotypes, smoking habits, and exposures to organic solvents were compared regarding occurrence of MS, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression. A potential interaction between exposure to organic solvents and MS risk HLA genes was evaluated by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction.ResultsOverall, exposure to organic solvents increased the risk of MS (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.8, p = 0.0004). Among both ever and never smokers, an interaction between organic solvents, carriage of HLA-DRB1*15, and absence of HLA-A*02 was observed with regard to MS risk, similar to the previously reported gene-environment interaction involving the same MS risk HLA genes and smoke exposure.ConclusionThe mechanism linking both smoking and exposure to organic solvents to MS risk may involve lung inflammation with a proinflammatory profile. Their interaction with MS risk HLA genes argues for an action of these environmental factors on adaptive immunity, perhaps through activation of autoaggressive cells resident in the lungs subsequently attacking the CNS.

scholarly journals S131. NEIGHBOURHOOD-LEVEL SOCIAL CAPITAL, MARGINALIZATION, AND THE INCIDENCE OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IN TORONTO, CANADA: A RETROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S85-S85
Author(s):  
Martin Rotenberg ◽  
Andrew Tuck ◽  
Kelly Anderson ◽  
Kwame McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ethnic Concentration ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown mixed results regarding the relationship between social capital and the risk of developing a psychotic disorder, and this has yet to be studied in North America. This study aims to examine the relationship between neighbourhood-level social capital, marginalization, and the incidence of psychotic disorders in Toronto, Canada. Methods A retrospective cohort of people aged 14 to 40 years residing in Toronto, Canada in 1999 (followed to 2008) was constructed from population-based health administrative data. Incident cases of schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders were identified using a validated algorithm. Voter participation rates in a municipal election were used as a proxy neighbourhood-level indicator of social capital. Exposure to neighbourhood-level marginalization was obtained from the Ontario Marginalization Index. Poisson regression models adjusting for age and sex were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for each social capital quintiles and marginalization quintile. Results In the study cohort (n = 640,000) over the 10-year follow-up period, we identified 4,841 incident cases of schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders. We observed elevated rates of psychotic disorders in areas with the highest levels (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00–1.27) and moderate levels (IRR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.36) of social capital, when compared to areas with the lowest levels of social capital, after adjusting for neighbourhood-level indicators of marginalization. The risk associated with social capital was not present when analyzed in only the females in the cohort. All neighbourhood marginalization indicators, other than ethnic concentration, were significantly associated with risk. Discussion The risk of developing a psychotic disorder in Toronto, Canada is associated with socioenvironmental exposures. Social capital is associated with risk, however, the impact of social capital on risk differs by sex and social capital quintile. Across the entire cohort, exposure to all neighbourhood-level marginalization indicators, except ethnic concentration, impacts risk. Future research should examine how known individual-level risk factors, including immigration, ethnicity, and family history of a mental disorder may interact with these findings.

You’re Not Old as Long as You’re Learning: Ageism, Burnout, and Development Among Italian Teachers

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532094283
Author(s):  
Greta Mazzetti ◽  
Michela Vignoli ◽  
Dina Guglielmi ◽  
Béatrice I. J. M. Van der Heijden ◽  
Arnoud T. Evers
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to explore the buffering role of opportunities for professional development within the frame of the indirect relationship between workplace age discrimination (as a job demand) and job performance on a sample of N = 325 Italian teachers. Results of moderated mediation analysis indicated that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between workplace age discrimination and impaired job performance. Furthermore, the relationship between workplace age discrimination and performance through the mediation of emotional exhaustion became stronger at lower levels of professional development. Although professional development is recognized as a crucial job resource, this study sheds light on its protective role among teachers dealing with discrimination caused by their age. Fostering of professional development could prevent teachers from feeling emotionally exhausted and, in turn, from the occurrence of impaired performance.

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