scholarly journals Breathlessness across generations: results from the RHINESSA generation study

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-217271
Author(s):  
Magnus Ekström ◽  
Ane Johannessen ◽  
Michael J Abramson ◽  
Bryndis Benediktsdottir ◽  
Karl Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Hereditary Factors

BackgroundBreathlessness is a major cause of suffering and disability globally. The symptom relates to multiple factors including asthma and lung function, which are influenced by hereditary factors. No study has evaluated potential inheritance of breathlessness itself across generations.MethodsWe analysed the association between breathlessness in parents and their offspring in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia generation study. Data on parents and offspring aged ≥18 years across 10 study centres in seven countries included demographics, self-reported breathlessness, asthma, depression, smoking, physical activity level, measured Body Mass Index and spirometry. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression accounting for clustering within centres and between siblings.ResultsA total of 1720 parents (mean age at assessment 36 years, 55% mothers) and 2476 offspring (mean 30 years, 55% daughters) were included. Breathlessness was reported by 809 (32.7%) parents and 363 (14.7%) offspring. Factors independently associated with breathlessness in parents and offspring included obesity, current smoking, asthma, depression, lower lung function and female sex. After adjusting for potential confounders, parents with breathlessness were more likely to have offspring with breathlessness, adjusted OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.9). The association was not modified by sex of the parent or offspring.ConclusionParents with breathlessness were more likely to have children who developed breathlessness, after adjusting for asthma, lung function, obesity, smoking, depression and female sex in both generations. The hereditary components of breathlessness need to be further explored.

scholarly journals Prenatal and prepubertal exposures to tobacco smoke in men may cause lower lung function in future offspring: a three-generation study using a causal modelling approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 2002791
Author(s):  
Simone Accordini ◽  
Lucia Calciano ◽  
Ane Johannessen ◽  
Bryndis Benediktsdóttir ◽  
Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
In Pregnancy

Mechanistic research suggests that lifestyle and environmental factors impact respiratory health across generations by epigenetic changes transmitted through male germ cells. Evidence from studies on humans is very limited.We investigated multi-generation causal associations to estimate the causal effects of tobacco smoking on lung function within the paternal line. We analysed data from 383 adult offspring (age: 18–47; female: 52.0%) and their 274 fathers, who had participated in the ECRHS/RHINESSA generation study and had provided valid measures of pre-bronchodilator lung function. Two counterfactual-based, multi-level mediation models were developed with: paternal grandmothers’ smoking in pregnancy and fathers’ smoking initiation in prepuberty as exposures; fathers’ FEV1 and FVC, or FEV1/FVC z-scores as potential mediators (proxies of unobserved biological mechanisms that are true mediators); offspring's FEV1 and FVC, or FEV1/FVC z-scores as outcomes. All effects were summarised as differences in expected z-scores related to fathers’ and grandmothers’ smoking history.Fathers’ smoking initiation in prepuberty had a negative direct effect on both offspring's FEV1 (−0.36; 95% confidence interval: −0.63, −0.10) and FVC (−0.50; −0.80, −0.20) compared to fathers’ never smoking. Paternal grandmothers’ smoking in pregnancy had a negative direct effect on fathers’ FEV1/FVC (−0.57; −1.09, −0.05) and a negative indirect effect on offspring's FEV1/FVC (−0.12; −0.21, −0.03) compared to grandmothers’ not smoking before fathers’ birth nor during fathers’ childhood.Fathers’ smoking in prepuberty and paternal grandmothers’ smoking in pregnancy may cause lower lung function in offspring. Our results support the concept that lifestyle-related exposures during these susceptibility periods influence the health of future generations.

scholarly journals Scoping Review: Efek Debu Kapas terhadap Nilai Fungsi Paru pada Pekerja Tekstil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Rizka Assyra Jelita ◽  
Lisa Adhia Garina ◽  
Dadi S Argadiredja
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Cotton Dust ◽  
Lower Lung

Paparan debu kapas yang terus-menerus di tempat kerja dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan pernapasan seorang pekerja, terutama pekerja tekstil. Hal ini terjadi karena debu kapas merupakan campuran kompleks dari beberapa komponen yang dapat memicu reaksi dalam tubuh manusia, seperti respons alergi atau proses lain yang tidak dapat dipahami sepenuhnya. Tujuan scoping review ini adalah menganalisis efek debu kapas terhadap nilai fungsi paru pada pekerja tekstil. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode scoping review berupa pencarian data beberapa artikel. Sampel berasal dari jurnal internasional yang berkaitan dengan efek debu kapas terhadap nilai fungsi paru pada pekerja tekstil. Database yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, dan EBSCO dengan jumlah artikel yang didapat sebanyak 1.436 artikel. Hasil skrining dan uji kelayakan sebanyak 15 artikel. Hasil scoping review menunjukkan bahwa dari 15 artikel, sebagian besar penelitian menyatakan pekerja yang terpapar debu kapas mengalami penurunan nilai fungsi paru yang diukur setelah shift kerja dan memiliki nilai fungsi paru yang lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol. Sebagian besar artikel menyatakan parameter fungsi paru yang dipengaruhi oleh debu kapas adalah VEP1 dan berupa pola gangguan napas obstruktif. Berdasar atas kajian pada keseluruhan artikel, paparan debu kapas dapat menurunkan nilai fungsi paru pada pekerja tekstil. Scoping Review: the Effect of Dust on the Cotton Textile Workers Lung FunctionContinued exposure to cotton dust in the workplace can cause respiratory health problems for workers, especially textile workers. This occurs due to cotton dust is a complex mixture of several components that can trigger reactions in the human body, such as an allergic response or other processes that cannot be fully understood. The aim of this scoping review is to analyze the effect of cotton dust on value of pulmonary function in textile workers. This research was conducted using a scoping review method in the form of searching data from several articles. Samples come from international journals related to the effect of cotton dust on the value of lung function in textile workers. The databases used in this study were Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, and EBSCO, with a total of 1,436 articles. Screening results on articles and articles that passed the eligibility test were 15 articles. The results of the scoping review show that of the 15 articles, most of the studies stated that workers who were exposed to cotton dust had decreased lung function values measured after work shift and had lower lung function values than the control group. Most of the studies stated that the lung function parameter affected by cotton dust was FEV1 and most of the studies also mentioned that exposed workers experienced an obstructive pattern. Based on the study of the entire article, cotton dust exposure can reduce the value of lung function in textile workers.

Создание исходного материала кабачка для селекции материнских линий женского типа цветения

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Kuzmin ◽  
A.V. Medvedev ◽  
A.F. Bukharov
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Female Type ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Female Flowers

Из обширного исходного материала выделено три половых типа кабачка. Для дифференциации использовано два показателя степени сексуализации: начало образования женских цветков и их количество. Усилению проявления женского типа цветения способствуют сложные скрещивания. Это обеспечивает объединение в одном генотипе различных наследственных факторов. Летний посев значительно снижает выраженность женского пола и позволяет выделить линии с гарантированно высокой экспрессией признака, имеющих от 25 % до 90 % женских растений.From the extensive source material, three sex types of squash are distinguished. For differentiation, two indicators of the degree of sexualization were used: the beginning of the formation of female flowers and their number. Enhancing the manifestation of the female type of flowering is facilitated by complex crossings. This ensures the unification of different hereditary factors in one genotype. Summer sowing significantly reduces the expression of the female sex and makes it possible to isolate lines with a guaranteed high expression of the trait having from 25% to 90% of female plants.

scholarly journals Serum bilirubin and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. MacDonald ◽  
Ken M. Kunisaki ◽  
Timothy J. Wilt ◽  
Arianne K. Baldomero
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Strength Of Evidence ◽  
Acute Exacerbations

Abstract Background Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant and higher serum bilirubin levels have been associated with improved COPD outcomes. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the association between serum bilirubin levels and lung function (FEV1), prevalence/incidence of COPD, acute exacerbations of COPD, respiratory health status, and mortality. Methods MEDLINE® and Embase were searched using Ovid® (search updated October 1st, 2019). We included studies that measured serum bilirubin levels and outcomes of interest in adults with or without underlying lung disease. We excluded studies of those with liver disease or drug-induced elevations in bilirubin. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa scale to assess individual study risk of bias (ROB) and the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality—Evidence Based Practice tool to assess overall strength of evidence (SOE). Two authors independently determined eligibility, performed data abstraction, assessed ROB, and determined SOE. Results Thirteen studies (5 low risk of bias, 3 moderate and 5 high risk) were included. We found low strength of evidence for the association between higher bilirubin levels and lower risk of acute exacerbations of COPD (2 studies), mortality (3 studies), COPD diagnosis (4 studies), and lung function (FEV1) (8 studies). We found insufficient evidence on the relationship between serum bilirubin and respiratory health status/exercise capacity (1 study) and airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio) (4 studies). Conclusion Higher bilirubin levels may be associated with lower mortality and improved COPD outcomes. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the effect of medications that raise serum bilirubin on COPD outcomes. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019145747.

scholarly journals Nasal symptoms increase the risk of snoring and snoring increases the risk of nasal symptoms. A longitudinal population study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Värendh ◽  
Christer Janson ◽  
Caroline Bengtsson ◽  
Johan Hellgren ◽  
Mathias Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Purpose Humans have a preference for nasal breathing during sleep. This 10-year prospective study aimed to determine if nasal symptoms can predict snoring and also if snoring can predict development of nasal symptoms. The hypothesis proposed is that nasal symptoms affect the risk of snoring 10 years later, whereas snoring does not increase the risk of developing nasal symptoms. Methods In the cohort study, Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE), a random population from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, born between 1945 and 1973, was investigated by postal questionnaires in 1999–2001 (RHINE II, baseline) and in 2010–2012 (RHINE III, follow-up). The study population consisted of the participants who had answered questions on nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge, and sneezing, and also snoring both at baseline and at follow-up (n = 10,112). Results Nasal symptoms were frequent, reported by 48% of the entire population at baseline, with snoring reported by 24%. Nasal symptoms at baseline increased the risk of snoring at follow-up (adj. OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.22–1.58) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI change between baseline and follow-up, and smoking status. Snoring at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing nasal symptoms at follow-up (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02–1.47). Conclusion Nasal symptoms are independent risk factors for development of snoring 10 years later, and surprisingly, snoring is a risk factor for the development of nasal symptoms.

Active Eosinophilic Esophagitis is Associated with Increased Asthma Severity and Lower Lung Function in Children with Comorbid Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. AB92
Author(s):  
Karyn Parsons ◽  
Katharine Guarnieri ◽  
Dawit Tadesse ◽  
Md Monir Hossain ◽  
Vincent Mukkada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Lower Lung

scholarly journals Newborn DNA-methylation, childhood lung function, and the risks of asthma and COPD across the life course

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman T. den Dekker ◽  
Kimberley Burrows ◽  
Janine F. Felix ◽  
Lucas A. Salas ◽  
Ivana Nedeljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Life Course

RationaleWe aimed to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in cord blood DNA associated with childhood lung function, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across the life course.MethodsWe meta-analysed epigenome-wide data of 1688 children from five cohorts to identify cord blood DMRs and their annotated genes, in relation to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio and forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC at ages 7–13 years. Identified DMRs were explored for associations with childhood asthma, adult lung function and COPD, gene expression and involvement in biological processes.ResultsWe identified 59 DMRs associated with childhood lung function, of which 18 were associated with childhood asthma and nine with COPD in adulthood. Genes annotated to the top 10 identified DMRs were HOXA5, PAOX, LINC00602, ABCA7, PER3, CLCA1, VENTX, NUDT12, PTPRN2 and TCL1A. Differential gene expression in blood was observed for 32 DMRs in childhood and 18 in adulthood. Genes related with 16 identified DMRs were associated with respiratory developmental or pathogenic pathways.InterpretationOur findings suggest that the epigenetic status of the newborn affects respiratory health and disease across the life course.

Risk and vulnerability of key populations to HIV infection in Iran; knowledge, attitude and practises of female sex workers, prison inmates and people who inject drugs

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Khajehkazemi ◽  
AliAkbar Haghdoost ◽  
Soodabeh Navadeh ◽  
Hamidreza Setayesh ◽  
Leily Sajadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background In this study data of three national surveys conducted among female sex workers (FSW), prison inmates and people who inject drugs (PWID) were presented and compared in relation to knowledge, attitude, and practises. Methods: The surveys were conducted in 2009 and 2010 and included 2546 PWID, 872 FSW and 5530 prison inmates. Knowledge, attitude and practises towards HIV were measured through similar questions for each category. Results: Over 90% of all participants had ever heard of HIV/AIDS, although only approximately half of them perceived themselves at risk of contracting HIV. More than 80% were able to correctly identify the ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV; while more than two-thirds did not use condom in their last sexual contact. Approximately 20% of prisoners and FSW had a history of injecting drugs. Among all participants who have injected drugs, prisoners had the highest unsafe injecting behaviour at the last injection (61%), followed by FSW (11%) and PWID (3%). Conclusions: Despite major efforts to control the HIV epidemic in Iran, the level of risk and vulnerability among prisoners, FSW and PWID is still high. The level of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS is relatively good; however, their risk perception of contracting HIV is low and high-risk behaviours are prevalent. Therefore, HIV prevention programs should be redesigned in a more comprehensive way to identify the best venues to reach the largest number of people at a higher risk of contracting HIV and decrease their risk overlaps and vulnerability factors.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Lung Growth

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Arigliani ◽  
Alessandro Spinelli ◽  
Ilaria Liguoro ◽  
Paola Cogo
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Epidemiology Studies ◽  
Very Premature Infants ◽  
Lung Function Impairment

Experimental evidence from animal models and epidemiology studies has demonstrated that nutrition affects lung development and may have a lifelong impact on respiratory health. Chronic restriction of nutrients and/or oxygen during pregnancy causes structural changes in the airways and parenchyma that may result in abnormal lung function, which is tracked throughout life. Inadequate nutritional management in very premature infants hampers lung growth and may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Recent evidence seems to indicate that infant and childhood malnutrition does not determine lung function impairment even in the presence of reduced lung size due to delayed body growth. This review will focus on the effects of malnutrition occurring at critical time periods such as pregnancy, early life, and childhood, on lung growth and long-term lung function.

scholarly journals Relación entre el nivel de actividad física, uso de videojuegos y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios | Relationship between physical activity level, use of video games and academic performance in university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz Martinez ◽  
Alba Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Manuel Alfonso-Asencio ◽  
Javier Courel-Ibáñez ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Pay
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Video Games ◽  
University Students ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Average Grade ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

Una de las causas atribuibles a la reducción de los niveles de práctica de actividad física en jóvenes es el aumento del uso de los videojuegos. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el nivel de práctica de actividad física y su relación con el uso de videojuegos y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Ochenta y siete estudiantes (edad = 20 ± 6 años, 42 hombres y 45 mujeres) pertenecientes al Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte y al Grado de Educación Primaria participaron en el estudio. La recogida de datos serealizó medianteloscuestionariosPhysician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise yel Cuestionariode Experiencia Relacionada conlos Videojuegos. El rendimiento académico se analizó mediante la nota media de los estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron una relación positiva entre el nivel de actividad física y el rendimiento académico (a mayor actividad física, mayor nota media), al igual que entre el nivel de actividad física y el uso de videojuegos (a mayor nivel de actividad física, mayor uso de videojuegos).AbstractOne of the causes attributable to the reduction of physical activity practice levels in young people is the increase in the use of video games. The aim of this study was to know the relationship between the practice of physical activity, the use of video games and academic performance in university students. Eighty-one students (age = 20 ± 6 years, 42 men and 45 women) belonging to the Degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences and the Primary Education Degree participated in the study. Data collection was carried out using the Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaires and theVideogamesRelated Experience Questionnaire. Academic performance wasanalysedusing the students' average grade. The results showed a positive relationship between the level of physical activity and academic performance (higher physical activity, higher average grade), as well as between the level of physical activity and the use of video games (higher physical activity level, higher use of video games).

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