scholarly journals Nasal symptoms increase the risk of snoring and snoring increases the risk of nasal symptoms. A longitudinal population study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Värendh ◽  
Christer Janson ◽  
Caroline Bengtsson ◽  
Johan Hellgren ◽  
Mathias Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Purpose Humans have a preference for nasal breathing during sleep. This 10-year prospective study aimed to determine if nasal symptoms can predict snoring and also if snoring can predict development of nasal symptoms. The hypothesis proposed is that nasal symptoms affect the risk of snoring 10 years later, whereas snoring does not increase the risk of developing nasal symptoms. Methods In the cohort study, Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE), a random population from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, born between 1945 and 1973, was investigated by postal questionnaires in 1999–2001 (RHINE II, baseline) and in 2010–2012 (RHINE III, follow-up). The study population consisted of the participants who had answered questions on nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge, and sneezing, and also snoring both at baseline and at follow-up (n = 10,112). Results Nasal symptoms were frequent, reported by 48% of the entire population at baseline, with snoring reported by 24%. Nasal symptoms at baseline increased the risk of snoring at follow-up (adj. OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.22–1.58) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI change between baseline and follow-up, and smoking status. Snoring at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing nasal symptoms at follow-up (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02–1.47). Conclusion Nasal symptoms are independent risk factors for development of snoring 10 years later, and surprisingly, snoring is a risk factor for the development of nasal symptoms.

scholarly journals Unilateral Levator Aponeurosis Excision for Marcus Gunn Syndrome and Risk Factors of Residual Jaw Winking

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qingyao Ning ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Jiajun Xie ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Changjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Frontalis Suspension ◽  
Silicone Rod ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Levator Aponeurosis

Purpose. To investigate the association of ptosis, levator, and jaw winking in Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis (MGJWS), and the risk factor of preservation and outcomes of the unilateral levator excision and frontalis suspension.Methods. Clinical features of MGJWS case series from 2011 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Association between jaw winking and ptosis/levator function was statistically analyzed. The patients underwent unilateral levator excision and frontalis suspension using silicone rod or autogenous fascia lata. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in operated patients and the independent risk factors of residual jaw winking were investigated after a long follow-up.Results. There were 42 MGJWS patients in 2011 to 2018, accounting for 2.87% of all congenital blepharoptosis. 80% of mild jaw winking was accompanied with mild ptosis and fair levator function, and moderate-to-severe jaw winking was often accompanied with moderate-to-severe ptosis and poor levator function (P<0.05). Ptosis showed a strong association with excursion of jaw winking (R = 0.785,P<0.01). Jaw winking was resolved in all 34 operated patients with good correction of ptosis. Severity of jaw winking is an independent risk factor for the residual synkinesis after surgery. Severe preoperative jaw winking had an 18.05 times increased risk of postoperative residual synkinesis compared with moderate jaw winking (P<0.05).Conclusions. In MGJWS eyelid excursion of jaw winking has a direct correlation with ptosis and dysfunction of levator muscle. Unilateral levator aponeurosis excision and frontalis suspension is an efficient approach for MGJWS. Severe jaw winking is a risk factor of residual eyelid synkinesis after surgery.

Abstract P089: Early CVD Events by Race and Sex: Does Risk for Atherothrombotic- and Hypertension-related Events Differ by Race and Sex? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
Catarina I Kiefe ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
David C Goff ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

African Americans (AA), both men (M) and women (W), have higher CVD mortality rates than European Americans (E), but AAM have lower prevalence of coronary calcified plaque than WM. AAs also have higher blood pressure (BP) and HDL-C than W; HDL-C is lower in M than W. We tested the hypotheses that AA race is related to higher risk of hypertension (HTN)-related events, and being male is related to higher risk of atherothrombotic (ATH)-related events, placing AAM at particularly high risk for CVD. Methods: We used baseline risk factor data, and adjudicated events through 28 years of follow-up from the CARDIA study which recruited 5,115 participants aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-6). ATH-related events included acute coronary syndrome with or without MI, coronary revascularization, and CHD and other atherosclerosis death. HTN-related events included heart failure, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), stroke, and death due to cardiomyopathy. CVD events excluded ESRD and included peripheral artery disease procedures. We analyzed time to first event censoring at death without incident CVD and at follow-up end. We built adjusted Cox models with forward selection including race, sex, age, education, and smoking status as forced predictors and selecting among physical activity, anthropometry, glycemia, lipid, and blood pressure risk factors. Results: In unadjusted analyses, risk of HTN-related events was related to race (p<0.01) but not sex (p=0.35), ATH-related events to sex (P<0.01) but not race (p=0.44), and CVD events to race (p<0.01) and sex (P<0.01). Unadjusted, all risk factors were associated with both HTN- and ATH-related events, except physical activity was not related to ATH and CVD events. After adjustment (table), AAM had higher risk of HTN- and ATH-related events, EM had higher risk of ATH-related events, AAW had higher risk of HTN-related events, and all had higher risk of CVD events than EW. Conclusion: Race and sex are differentially associated with early HTN- vs ATH-related events, and AAM were at increased risk for both.

Morbidity and mortality in adult-onset IgA vasculitis: a long-term population-based cohort study

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nossent ◽  
Warren Raymond ◽  
Helen Isobel Keen ◽  
David Preen ◽  
Charles Inderjeeth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Objectives With sparse data available, we investigated mortality and risk factors in adults with IgAV. Methods Observational population-based cohort study using state-wide linked longitudinal health data for hospitalised adults with IgAV (n = 267) and matched comparators (n = 1080) between 1980-2015. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and serious infections (SI) were recorded over an extensive lookback period prior to diagnosis. Date and causes of death were extracted from WA Death Registry. Mortality rate (deaths/1000 person-years) ratios (MRR) and hazard ratio (HR) for survival were assessed. Results During 9.9 (±9.8) years lookback patients with IgAV accrued higher CCI scores (2.60 vs1.50 p &lt; 0.001) and had higher risk of SI (OR 8.4, p &lt; 0.001), not fully explained by CCI scores. During 19 years follow-up, the rate of death in Patients with IgAV (n = 137) was higher than in comparators (n = 397) (MRR 2.06, CI 1.70-2.50, p &lt; 0.01) and the general population (SMRR 5.64, CI 4.25, 7.53, p &lt; 0.001). Survival in IgAV was reduced at five (72.7 vs. 89.7%) and twenty years (45.2% vs. 65.6%) (both p &lt; 0.05). CCI (HR1.88, CI:1.25 - 2.73, p = 0.001), renal failure (HR 1.48, CI: 1.04 - 2.22, p = 0.03) and prior SI (HR 1.48, CI:1.01 – 2.16, p = 0.04) were independent risk factors. Death from infections (5.8 vs 1.8%, p = 0.02) was significantly more frequent in patients with IgAV. Conclusions Premorbid comorbidity accrual appears increased in hospitalized patients with IgAV and predicts premature death. As comorbidity does not fully explain the increased risk of premorbid infections or the increased mortality due to infections in IgAV, prospective studies are needed.

Prevalence, progression and impact of chronic cough on employment in Northern Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 2003344
Author(s):  
Henrik Johansson ◽  
Ane Johannessen ◽  
Mathias Holm ◽  
Bertil Forsberg ◽  
Vivi Schlünssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Productive Cough ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multi Centre Study

We investigated the prevalence of chronic cough, and its association with work ability and sick leave in the general population.Data were analysed from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) III cohort (n=13 500), of which 11 252 had also participated in the RHINE II 10 years earlier, a multi-centre study in Northern Europe. Participants answered a questionnaire on chronic cough, employment factors, smoking, and respiratory comorbidities.Non-productive chronic cough was found in 7% and productive chronic cough in 9% of the participants. Participants with non-productive cough were more often female, and participants with productive cough were more often smokers and had a higher BMI than those without cough. Participants with chronic cough more often reported >7 days of sick leave in the preceding year than those without cough (“non-productive cough” 21%; “productive cough” 24%; p<0.001 for comparisons with “no cough” 13%). This pattern was consistent after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, education level, smoking status, and comorbidities. Participants with chronic cough at baseline reported lower work ability and more often had >7 days of sick leave at follow-up than those without cough. These associations remained significant after adjusting for cough at follow-up and other confounding factors.Chronic cough was found in around one in six participants and was associated with more sick leave. Chronic cough 10 years earlier was associated with lower work ability and sick leave at follow-up. These associations were not explained by studied comorbidities. This indication of negative effects on employment from chronic cough needs to be recognised.

scholarly journals Effects of tobacco smoking on recurrent hospitalisation with pneumonia: a population-based cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-216494
Author(s):  
Vadsala Baskaran ◽  
Wei Shen Lim ◽  
Tricia M McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Care Database

The incidence of and risk factors for recurrent hospitalisation for pneumonia were investigated using data from Hospital Episode Statistics, linked to a UK primary care database. Within 90 days and 1 year of follow-up, 1733 (3.1%) and 5064 (9.0%), developed recurrent pneumonia respectively. Smoking status at the time of hospitalisation with index pneumonia was associated with the risk of readmission with recurrent pneumonia within a year of discharge: current versus never smokers: adjusted subhazard ratio (sHR) 1.42, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.53, p<0.001, and ex smokers versus never smokers: adjusted sHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.34, p<0.001. Other independent risk factors associated with recurrent pneumonia were age, gender, deprivation and underlying comorbidities.

scholarly journals Risk factors for persistent abnormality on chest radiographs at 12-weeks post hospitalisation with PCR confirmed COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim JM Wallis ◽  
Emily Heiden ◽  
Jose Horno ◽  
Ben Welham ◽  
Hannah Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Composite Risk ◽  
Level 2

Abstract BackgroundThe long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain unclear. There is concern a proportion of patients will progress to develop pulmonary fibrosis. We aimed to assess the temporal change in CXR infiltrates in a cohort of patients following hospitalisation for COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted a single-centre prospective cohort study of patients admitted to University Hospital Southampton with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection between 20th March – 3rd June 2020. Patients were approached for standard-of-care follow-up 12-weeks after hospitalisation. Inpatient and follow-up CXRs were scored by the assessing clinician for extent of pulmonary infiltrates; 0-4 per lung (Nil=0, <25%=1, 25-50%=2, 51-75%=3, >75%=4). Results 101 patients with paired CXRs were included. Demographics: 53% male with a median (IQR) age 53.0 (45-63) years and length of stay 9 (5-17.5) days. The median CXR follow-up interval was 82 (77-86) days with median baseline and follow-up CXR scores of 4.0 (3-5) and 0.0 (0-1) respectively. 32% of patients had persistent CXR abnormality at 12-weeks. In multivariate analysis length of stay (LOS), smoking-status and obesity were identified as independent risk factors for persistent CXR abnormality. Serum LDH was significantly higher at baseline and at follow-up in patients with CXR abnormalities compared to those with resolution. A 5-point composite risk score (1-point each; LOS≥15 days, Level 2/3 admission, LDH>750 U/L, obesity and smoking-status) strongly predicted risk of persistent radiograph abnormality (0.81).ConclusionPersistent CXR abnormality 12-weeks post COVID-19 was common in this cohort. LOS, obesity, increased serum LDH, and smoking-status were risk factors for radiograph abnormality. These findings require further prospective validation.

The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Patients with Advanced Solid Cancers Receiving Anticoagulation Therapy After the Diagnosis of Index Vte; A Korean Venous Thromboembolism Registry Study.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2247-2247
Author(s):  
Ho-Young Yhim ◽  
Moon Ju Jang ◽  
Won-Il Choi ◽  
Yong Cheol Lee ◽  
Jeong-Ok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Tumor Site ◽  
Primary Tumor Site ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Recurrent Vte

Abstract Abstract 2247 Introduction Patients (pts) with cancer have been associated with increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, few data are available regarding the recurrent VTE in Asian pts with advanced solid cancers. Thus, the aim of the study is to investigate the incidence and risk factors for recurrent VTE in pts with advanced solid cancers receiving anticoagulation therapy after index VTE. And, we also evaluate the prognostic impact of recurrent VTE on overall survival (OS) in this population. Methods This study was conducted using data from the web-based registry of the Korean Thrombosis Working Party (http://kdvt.chamc.co.kr), which is an ongoing, multicenter database for recruiting consecutive pts presenting with VTE. Pts were included in the study cohort if they had been diagnosed with recurrent/metastatic solid cancers between May 2004 and Dec 2011 and initiated anticoagulation therapy. Pts were excluded if they had received a diagnosis of hematologic malignancies, if solid cancers were not recurrent or metastatic disease, if index VTE was intra-abdominal venous thrombosis or vascular access-induced thrombosis, or if anticoagulation therapy was not instituted. Pts were also excluded if they were lost to follow-up within 1 week after initiating anticoagulation therapy. Maximal duration of anticoagulation therapy was 12 months and pts in whom anticoagulation therapy was stopped within 12 months were censored at the time of discontinuation. Results A total of 456 pts were included in this analysis. The median age was 65 (range, 27–91) years and 249 pts (55%) were male. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) was 0 or 1 in 185 pts (41%). The primary sites of tumor were breast in 22 (5%), genito-urinary tracts in 38 (8%), esophago-gastric in 76 (17%), colo-rectum in 81 (18%), hepato-biliary tracts in 37 (8%), pancreas in 66 (15%), and lung in 136 (30%). Palliative chemotherapy was administered in 328 pts (72%). The location of index VTE was isolated pulmonary embolism (PE) in 196 (43%), isolated lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in 169 (37%), and concomitant PE and DVT in 91 (20%). For initial anticoagulation therapy, low molecular weight heparin was administered in 362 pts (79%), and for long-term therapy, 306 pts (75%) received warfarin. The median duration of anticoagulation therapy after index VTE was 2.4 (range, 0.1–58.3) months. The 6-months and 12-month cumulative incidences of recurrent VTE were 22.4% (95% CI, 19.4–25.4) and 28.7% (95% CI, 24.0–33.4), respectively. In the multivariate analysis for identifying the risk factors associated with the development of recurrent VTE, pancreas (HR, 6.12; 95% CI, 2.00–18.73) and lung (HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.03–8.58) as the primary tumor site, poor ECOG PS (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.14–2.67) and VTE initially presented with PE (HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.17–4.47) were independent risk factors for increased risk of recurrent VTE. With a median follow-up of 29.1 (range, 1.0–91.2) months, median OS was 11.9 (95% CI, 10.2–13.6) months. Pts with recurrent VTE had a significantly shorter OS than those without recurrent VTE (median, 8.4 vs. 13.0 months, P<0.001). In the multivariate model, occurrence of recurrent VTE was independently associated with the increased risk of death (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.03–1.88). Conclusion Although Asian populations are thought to have lower risk for developing recurrent VTE, our study demonstrates that the incidence of recurrent VTE in pts with advanced solid cancers is comparable to that of Western populations. Lung or pancreas as a primary tumor site, poor PS, and initial presentation with PE are independent risk factors for recurrent VTE. Additionally, survival is adversely affected by recurrent VTE. Further studies are needed to validate the results of our study and to optimize the treatment strategies for improving treatment outcomes in advanced cancer pts. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Early and Late Postoperative Seizures in Meningioma Patients and Prediction by a Recent Scoring System

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Peter Baumgarten ◽  
Mana Sarlak ◽  
Daniel Monden ◽  
Andrea Spyrantis ◽  
Simon Bernatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Temporal Location ◽  
Meningioma Surgery ◽  
Impaired Quality

Seizures are among the most common symptoms of meningioma. This retrospective study sought to identify risk factors for early and late seizures in meningioma patients and to evaluate a modified STAMPE2 score. In 556 patients who underwent meningioma surgery, we correlated different risk factors with the occurrence of postoperative seizures. A modified STAMPE2 score was applied. Risk factors for preoperative seizures were edema (p = 0.039) and temporal location (p = 0.038). For postoperative seizures preoperative tumor size (p < 0.001), sensomotory deficit (p = 0.004) and sphenoid wing location (p = 0.032) were independent risk factors. In terms of postoperative status epilepticus; sphenoid wing location (p = 0.022), tumor volume (p = 0.045) and preoperative seizures (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors. Postoperative seizures lead to a KPS deterioration and thus an impaired quality of life (p < 0.001). Late seizures occurred in 43% of patients with postoperative seizures. The small sub-cohort of patients (2.7%) with a STAMPE2 score of more than six points had a significantly increased risk for seizures (p < 0.001, total risk 70%). We concluded that besides distinct risk factors, high scores of the modified STAMPE2 score could estimate the risk of postoperative seizures. However, it seems not transferable to our cohort

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY DIETARY PATTERN AND INCIDENCE OF PERIODONTITIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Alhassani ◽  
Frank B. Hu ◽  
Bernard A. Rosner ◽  
Fred K. Tabung ◽  
Walter C. Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Rank Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Study Population

ABSTRACT The long-term inflammatory impact of diet could potentially elevate the risk of periodontal disease through modification of systemic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the associations between a food based, reduced rank regression (RRR) derived, empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and incidence of periodontitis. The study population was composed of 34,940 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, who were free of periodontal disease and major illnesses at baseline (1986). Participants provided medical and dental history through mailed questionnaires every 2 years, and dietary data through validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires every 4 years. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the associations between EDIP scores and validated self-reported incidence of periodontal disease over a 24-year follow-up period. No overall association between EDIP and the risk of periodontitis was observed; the hazard ratio comparing the highest EDIP quintile (most proinflammatory diet) to the lowest quintile was 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.89 -1.10, p-value for trend = 0.97). A secondary analysis showed that among obese non-smokers (i.e. never and former smokers at baseline), the hazard ratio for periodontitis comparing the highest EDIP quintile to the lowest was 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 0.98 -1.96, p-value for trend = 0.03). In conclusion, no overall association was detected between EDIP and incidence of self-reported periodontitis in the study population. From the subgroups evaluated EDIP was significantly associated with increased risk of periodontitis only among nonsmokers who were obese. Hence, this association must be interpreted with caution.

Association between digoxin use and sudden cardiac death in individuals with the rs10494366 variant of the NOS1AP gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Soroush ◽  
A Aarnoudse ◽  
F Shokri ◽  
M Van Den Berg ◽  
F Ahmadizar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
P Value ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Digoxin is one of the oldest cardiovascular medications still used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Due to its narrow therapeutic window, it is associated with life threatening intoxication and arrhythmias, and with QTc-shortening. Common genetic variation in the nitric oxide synthase-1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) has been associated with QTc interval prolongation. Purpose We investigated whether the rs10494366 variant of the NOS1AP gene modified the risk of SCD in patients using digoxin. Methods In a prospective population-based cohort study, we included data of the three cohorts, started as of January 1st, 1991 until January 1st 2014. Digoxin current use on the date of cardiac death in cases and the same day of follow-up in the remainder of the cohort was a time-dependent exposure. The main outcome was SCD defined as sudden and unexpected death as a result of cardiac causes, according to international criteria. Identification and adjudication of SCD was performed independently, before the start of this study. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to investigate the associations between NOS1AP rs10494366 variant and incident SCD among digoxin users compared to non-users. Associations were adjusted for age, sex (model 1) in addition to BMI, prevalent diabetes, myocardial infarction, baseline hypertension and smoking status (past, current, never) (model 2). Results We included 14,594 individuals, with a mean age of 65.3 (SD 10.3) years. Almost 59% were female. The cumulative incidence of SCD was 9.5% (609 cases) by the end of follow up. Among them, 98 (16%) individuals were exposed to digoxin at the time of death. In model 1, NOS1AP rs10494366 variant was not associated with SCD in the total study population. However, an interaction term of the gene with the daily dose of digoxin was significantly associated with increased risk of SCD (p-value 0.0001). In model 2, the risk of SCD in current users of digoxin was 4.2 [95% CI 1.3–13.8] for the GG genotype; 2.1 [95% CI 1.1–4.2] for the GT genotype, and 1.5 [95% CI 0.7–3.2] for the TT genotype. Conclusion NOS1AP rs10494366 variant modified the risk of sudden cardiac death in users of digoxin. Our study suggests that individuals with the homozygous minor GG allele have a fourfold increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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