scholarly journals Newborn DNA-methylation, childhood lung function, and the risks of asthma and COPD across the life course

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman T. den Dekker ◽  
Kimberley Burrows ◽  
Janine F. Felix ◽  
Lucas A. Salas ◽  
Ivana Nedeljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Life Course

RationaleWe aimed to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in cord blood DNA associated with childhood lung function, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across the life course.MethodsWe meta-analysed epigenome-wide data of 1688 children from five cohorts to identify cord blood DMRs and their annotated genes, in relation to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio and forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC at ages 7–13 years. Identified DMRs were explored for associations with childhood asthma, adult lung function and COPD, gene expression and involvement in biological processes.ResultsWe identified 59 DMRs associated with childhood lung function, of which 18 were associated with childhood asthma and nine with COPD in adulthood. Genes annotated to the top 10 identified DMRs were HOXA5, PAOX, LINC00602, ABCA7, PER3, CLCA1, VENTX, NUDT12, PTPRN2 and TCL1A. Differential gene expression in blood was observed for 32 DMRs in childhood and 18 in adulthood. Genes related with 16 identified DMRs were associated with respiratory developmental or pathogenic pathways.InterpretationOur findings suggest that the epigenetic status of the newborn affects respiratory health and disease across the life course.

scholarly journals Prognostic and functional impact of perioperative LAMA/LABA inhaled therapy in patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Azuma ◽  
Atsushi Sano ◽  
Takashi Sakai ◽  
Satoshi Koezuka ◽  
Hajime Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inhaled Therapy ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important risk factor for postoperative complications and mortality. To determine the effects of perioperative combination therapy, using a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA), on preoperative lung function, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and long-term outcome in COPD patients. Methods Between January 2005 and October 2019, 130 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed COPD underwent surgery for lung cancer. We conducted a retrospective review of their medical record to evaluate that LAMA/LABA might be an optimal regimen for patients with COPD undergoing surgery for lung cancer. All patients were received perioperative rehabilitation and divided into 3 groups according to the type of perioperative inhaled therapy and management: LAMA/LABA (n = 64), LAMA (n = 23) and rehabilitation only (no bronchodilator) (n = 43). We conducted a retrospective review of their medical records. Results Patients who received preoperative LAMA/LABA therapy showed significant improvement in lung function before surgery (p < 0.001 for both forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%pred). Compared with patients who received preoperative LAMA therapy, patients with LAMA/LABA therapy had significantly improved lung function (ΔFEV1, LAMA/LABA 223.1 mL vs. LAMA 130.0 mL, ΔFEV1%pred, LAMA/LABA 10.8% vs. LAMA 6.8%; both p < 0.05). Postoperative complications were lower frequent in the LAMA/LABA group than in the LAMA group (p = 0.007). In patients with moderate to severe air flow limitation (n = 61), those who received LAMA/LABA therapy had significantly longer overall survival and disease-free survival compared with the LAMA (p = 0.049, p = 0.026) and rehabilitation-only groups (p = 0.001, p < 0.001). Perioperative LAMA/LABA therapy was also associated with lower recurrence rates (vs. LAMA p = 0.006, vs. rehabilitation-only p = 0.008). Conclusions We believe this treatment combination is optimal for patients with lung cancer and COPD.

scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity, Lung Function, and COPD in US Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Francisca de Castro Mendes ◽  
Kirstie Ducharme-Smith ◽  
Gustavo Mora-Garcia ◽  
Saleh A. Alqahtani ◽  
Maria Stephany Ruiz-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Lung Health

Increasing epidemiological evidence suggests that optimal diet quality helps to improve preservation of lung function and to reduce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but no study has investigated the association of food insecurity (FI) and lung health in the general population. Using data from a representative sample of US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012 cycles, we investigated the association between FI with lung function and spirometrically defined COPD in 12,469 individuals aged ≥ 18 years of age. FI (high vs. low) was defined using the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Security Scale). Population-weighted adjusted regression models were used to investigate associations between FI, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), their ratio, and spirometrically defined restriction (FVC below the lower limit of normal) and airflow obstruction (COPD). The prevalence of household FI was 13.2%. High household FI was associated with lower FVC (adjusted β-coefficient −70.9 mL, 95% CI −116.6, −25.3), and with higher odds (OR) of spirometric restriction (1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.03). Stratified analyses showed similar effect sizes within specific ethnic groups. High FI was associated with worse lung health in a nationally representative sample of adults in the US.

scholarly journals Prognostic and Functional Impact of Perioperative LAＭA/LABA Inhaled Therapy In Patients With Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Azuma ◽  
Atsushi Sano ◽  
Takashi Sakai ◽  
Satoshi Koezuka ◽  
Hajime Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important risk factor for postoperative complications and mortality. The utility of several perioperative bronchodilators in patients with COPD requiring surgery for lung cancer has been reported, but the most suitable agent and its specific effect on postoperative long-term prognosis remain unclear. To determine the effects of perioperative combination therapy, using a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA), on preoperative lung function, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and long-term outcome in COPD patients.Methods: Between January 2005 and October 2019, 130 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed COPD underwent surgery for lung cancer. We conducted a retrospective review of their medical records. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to perioperative management: LAMA/LABA (n=64), LAMA (n=23) and rehabilitation only (no bronchodilator) (n=43). Results: Patients who received preoperative LAMA/LABA therapy showed significant improvement in lung function before surgery (p<0.001 for both forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 %pred). Compared with patients who received preoperative LAMA therapy, patients with LAMA/LABA therapy had significantly improved lung function (ΔFEV1, 223.1 mL vs 130.0 mL, ΔFEV1 %pred, 10.8% vs 6.8%; both p<0.05). There was a trend toward a lower incidence of postoperative complications in the LAMA/LABA group compared with the LAMA and rehabilitation-only groups. In patients with moderate to severe air flow limitation (n=61), those who received LAMA/LABA therapy had significantly longer overall survival and disease-free survival compared with patients in the other groups. Perioperative LAMA/LABA therapy was also associated with lower recurrence rates. Conclusions: Patients who receive perioperative LAMA/LABA for moderate to severe COPD have improved prognosis and better pulmonary function with surgery for lung cancer. We believe this treatment combination is optimal for patients with lung cancer and COPD.

scholarly journals Lung function, forced expiratory volume in 1 s decline and COPD hospitalisations over 44 years of follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneela Zaigham ◽  
Per Wollmer ◽  
Gunnar Engström
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hazard Ratios

The use of baseline lung function in the prediction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalisations, all-cause mortality and lung function decline was assessed in the population-based “Men Born in 1914” cohort.Spirometry was assessed at age 55 years in 689 subjects, of whom 392 had spirometry reassessed at age 68  years. The cohort was divided into three groups using fixed ratio (FR) and lower limit of normal (LLN) criterion: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/vital capacity (VC) ≥70%, FEV1/VC <70% but ≥LLN (FR+LLN−), and FEV1/VC <70% and <LLN (FR+LLN+).Over 44 years of follow-up, 88 men were hospitalised due to COPD and 686 died. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident COPD hospitalisation were 4.15 (2.24–7.69) for FR+LLN− and 7.88 (4.82–12.87) for FR+LLN+ (reference FEV1/VC ≥70%). Hazard ratios for death were 1.30 (0.98–1.72) for FR+LLN− and 1.58 (1.25–2.00) for FR+LLN+. The adjusted FEV1 decline between 55 and 68 years of age was higher for FR+LLN− and FR+LLN+ relative to the reference. Of those with FR+LLN− at 55 years, 53% had progressed to the FR+LLN+ group at 68 years.Airflow obstruction at age 55 years is a powerful risk factor for future COPD hospitalisations. The FR+LLN− group should be carefully evaluated in clinical practice in relation to future risks and potential benefit from early intervention. This is reinforced by the increased FEV1 decline in this group.

scholarly journals Inspiratroy Capacity and Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Milic-Emili
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Past Half Century

During the past half-century, many studies have investigated the correlation of exercise tolerance to routine lung function in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. In virtually all of these studies, the degree of airway obstruction was assessed in terms of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Because in most studies only a weak correlation was found between exercise tolerance and degree of airway obstruction, it has been concluded that factors other than lung function impairment (eg, deconditioning and peripheral muscle dysfunction) play a predominant role in limiting exercise capacity in patients with chronic airway obstruction. Recent work, however, suggests that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the inspiratory capacity is a more powerful predictor of exercise tolerance than FEV1 and FVC.

scholarly journals Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Uso de Corticoterapia Sistémica nas Exacerbações Agudas da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014,9:CD001288

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Pedro Azevedo ◽  
João Costa ◽  
António Vaz-Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Early Improvement

<p>Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are a major cause of hospital admissions and mortality, contributing to the decline in lung function, exercise capacity and quality of life. Infections are the major cause of exacerbations and treatment includes antibiotics, bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids as anti- inflammatory agents. This Cochrane review compared: 1. use of oral and parenteral corticosteroids with placebo use; 2. routes of administration among themselves. The results indicate that there is evidence for the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations since early improvement in lung function [assessed by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)] has been noted, the likelihood of treatment failure and relapse in the first month has been reduced and it shortens the hospital stay in patients who do not require intensive care regimen. However, corticosteroid therapy causes an increase in adverse effects associated with drug, namely hyperglycaemia, especially if the route of administration is parenteral. Parenteral route has not shown to be superior to oral route in treatment failure, relapse, or death. Mortality up to 30 days does not seem to be affected by the use of corticosteroids.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive /drug therapy; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/ complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic.</p>

scholarly journals Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function among Ethiopian Women in Relation to Household Fuel Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Tamire ◽  
Adamu Addissie ◽  
Abera Kumie ◽  
Emma Husmark ◽  
Susann Skovbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Exposure to household air pollution has been linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. This study aims to assess respiratory symptoms and lung function among Ethiopian women in relation to exposure to HAP. We conducted a cross-sectional study among non-smoking women responsible for household cooking. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms and risk factors using a validated questionnaire. Spirometry with reversibility testing was performed according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines. We used independent t-test and multivariable logistic regression to compare the means and measure association respectively. A total of 545 women participated in the study out of which 231 (42.3%) performed spirometry with at least three acceptable manoeuvres. Everyone in the rural group and 43% of the urban group were exposed to HAP from solid fuels during cooking. The odds of developing at least one respiratory symptom when compared with those using cleaner fuels are twice as high for women cooking within the living house. We also found significantly lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (L) among solid fuels users compared with cleaner energy users. Given the larger population settlement in the rural areas and the use of solid fuel as the only energy source, there is a higher risk of developing chronic respiratory health problems for those women in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Treatable traits in an English cohort: Prevalence and predictors of future decline in lung function and quality of life in COPD

2021 ◽  
pp. 00934-2020
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rehan Sarwar ◽  
Vanessa Marie McDonald ◽  
Michael John Abramson ◽  
Eldho Paul ◽  
Johnson George
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
The Core

Background“Treatable traits (TTs)” is a precision medicine approach for facilitating multidimensional assessment of every patient with chronic airway disease to determine the core traits associated with disease outcomes, where targeted treatments are applied.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of TTs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and which traits predict future decline in lung function and quality of life (QoL).MethodsA 4 year longitudinal evaluation was conducted using data from 3726 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). TTs were identified based on published recommendations. Traits that predicted decline in lung function and QoL were analysed using generalised estimating equations.ResultsOverall, 21 TTs, including pulmonary (n=5), extra-pulmonary (n=13) and behavioural/lifestyle risk-factors (n=3) were identified. In multivariate analyses, traits of chronic bronchitis (β=−0.186; 95%CI=−0.290 to −0.082), breathlessness (β=−0.093; 95%CI=−0.164 to −0.022), underweight (β=−0.216; 95%CI=−0.373 to −0.058), sarcopaenia (β=−0.162; 95%CI=−0.262 to −0.061), and current smoking (β=−0.228; 95%CI=−0.304 to −0.153), predicted decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Of the seven traits that predicted decline in QoL, depression (β=−7.19; 95%CI=−8.81 to −5.57) and poor family and social support (β=−5.12; 95%CI=−6.65 to −3.59) were the strongest.ConclusionThe core TTs of COPD associated with a decline in lung function and QoL were identified. Targeting these impactful traits and individualised treatment using a precision medicine approach may improve outcomes in people with COPD.

scholarly journals Defining asthma–COPD overlap syndrome: a population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1602008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias N. Bonten ◽  
Marise J. Kasteleyn ◽  
Renee de Mutsert ◽  
Pieter S. Hiemstra ◽  
Frits R. Rosendaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate

Asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) seems an important clinical phenotype, but multiple definitions have been proposed. This study's objectives were to assess the effect of different ACOS definitions on prevalence, patient characteristics and exacerbations.5675 individuals aged 45–65 years, with 846 asthma/COPD patients, were included in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study between 2008 and 2012, and followed-up for a median of 1.8 years. ACOS was defined by recent consensus criteria and five other definitions, based on registry, questionnaires and lung function.Prevalence of ACOS in the asthma/COPD population ranged between 4.4% and 38.3%, depending on the definition used. Agreement between registry-based and self-reported ACOS was 0.04 and 0.41 when lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.7) was added. With registry or self-report defined ACOS, only 51% and 33% had FEV1/FVC <0.7. Patient characteristics were similar, but asthma duration was longer with self-reported compared with registry-based ACOS (mean difference 22 years (95% CI 12–33)). Exacerbation risk was highest with registry-based ACOS compared with asthma (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.6 (95% CI 1.2–2.1)).This study adds important knowledge about agreement between ACOS definitions and their relation with exacerbations. Given the low agreement, differences in prevalence, patient characteristics and risk of exacerbations, consensus about ACOS definition in different care settings is urgently needed.

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