Risk factors for developing COVID-19: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)

BackgroundRisk factors for severe COVID-19 include older age, male sex, obesity, black or Asian ethnicity and underlying medical conditions. Whether these factors also influence susceptibility to developing COVID-19 is uncertain.MethodsWe undertook a prospective, population-based cohort study (COVIDENCE UK) from 1 May 2020 to 5 February 2021. Baseline information on potential risk factors was captured by an online questionnaire. Monthly follow-up questionnaires captured incident COVID-19. We used logistic regression models to estimate multivariable-adjusted ORs (aORs) for associations between potential risk factors and odds of COVID-19.ResultsWe recorded 446 incident cases of COVID-19 in 15 227 participants (2.9%). Increased odds of developing COVID-19 were independently associated with Asian/Asian British versus white ethnicity (aOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.91), household overcrowding (aOR per additional 0.5 people/bedroom 1.26, 1.11 to 1.43), any versus no visits to/from other households in previous week (aOR 1.31, 1.06 to 1.62), number of visits to indoor public places (aOR per extra visit per week 1.05, 1.02 to 1.09), frontline occupation excluding health/social care versus no frontline occupation (aOR 1.49, 1.12 to 1.98) and raised body mass index (BMI) (aOR 1.50 (1.19 to 1.89) for BMI 25.0–30.0 kg/m2 and 1.39 (1.06 to 1.84) for BMI >30.0 kg/m2 versus BMI <25.0 kg/m2). Atopic disease was independently associated with decreased odds (aOR 0.75, 0.59 to 0.97). No independent associations were seen for age, sex, other medical conditions, diet or micronutrient supplement use.ConclusionsAfter rigorous adjustment for factors influencing exposure to SARS-CoV-2, Asian/Asian British ethnicity and raised BMI were associated with increased odds of developing COVID-19, while atopic disease was associated with decreased odds.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04330599).

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Risk factors for developing COVID-19: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)

10.1101/2021.03.27.21254452 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hayley Holt ◽

Mohammad Talaei ◽

Matthew Greenig ◽

Dominik Zenner ◽

Jane Symons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Atopic Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Medical Conditions ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Incident Cases

Background: Risk factors for severe COVID-19 include older age, male sex, obesity, Black or Asian ethnicity and underlying medical conditions. Whether these factors also influence susceptibility to developing COVID-19 is uncertain. Methods: We undertook a prospective, population-based cohort study (COVIDENCE UK) from 1st May 2020 to 5th February 2021. Baseline information on potential risk factors was captured by online questionnaire. Monthly follow-up questionnaires captured incident COVID-19. We used logistic regression models to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations between potential risk factors and risk of COVID-19. Findings: We recorded 446 incident cases of COVID-19 in 15,227 participants. Increased risk of developing COVID-19 was independently associated with Asian/Asian British vs. White ethnicity (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.35-3.95), household overcrowding (aOR per additional 0.5 people/bedroom 1.26, 1.11-1.43), any vs. no visits to/from other households in previous week (aOR 1.33, 1.07-1.64), number of visits to indoor public places (aOR per extra visit per week 1.05, 1.01-1.09), frontline occupation outside health/social care vs. no frontline occupation (aOR 1.49, 1.12-1.98), and raised body mass index (BMI) (aOR 1.51 [1.20-1.90] for BMI 25.0-30.0 kg/m2 and 1.38 [1.05-1.82] for BMI >30.0 kg/m2 vs. BMI <25.0 kg/m2). Atopic disease was independently associated with decreased risk (aOR 0.76, 0.59-0.98). No independent associations were seen for age, sex, other medical conditions, diet, or micronutrient supplement use. Interpretation: After rigorous adjustment for factors influencing exposure to SARS-CoV-2, Asian/Asian British ethnicity and raised BMI were associated with increased risk of developing COVID-19, while atopic disease was associated with decreased risk.

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Mood Disorders in Late Life: A Population-based Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences in Community-dwelling Older Adults in Ontario: Troubles de l’humeur en âge avancé : Une analyse dans la population de la prévalence, des facteurs de risque et des conséquences chez des adultes âgés vivant en milieu communautaire en Ontario

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743720927812 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (9) ◽

pp. 630-640

Author(s):

Rachel Strauss ◽

Paul Kurdyak ◽

Richard H. Glazier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mood Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Late Life ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Report ◽

Term Care ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Objective: Mental health issues in late life are a growing public health challenge as the population aged 65 and older rapidly increases worldwide. An updated understanding of the causes of mood disorders and their consequences in late life could guide interventions for this underrecognized and undertreated problem. We undertook a population-based analysis to quantify the prevalence of mood disorders in late life in Ontario, Canada, and to identify potential risk factors and consequences. Method: Individuals aged 65 or older participating in 4 cycles of a nationally representative survey were included. Self-report of a diagnosed mood disorder was used as the outcome measure. Using linked administrative data, we quantified associations between mood disorder and potential risk factors such as demographic/socioeconomic factors, substance use, and comorbidity. We also determined associations between mood disorders and 5-year outcomes including health service utilization and mortality. Results: The prevalence of mood disorders was 6.1% (4.9% among males, 7.1% among females). Statistically significant associations with mood disorders included younger age, female sex, food insecurity, chronic opioid use, smoking, and morbidity. Individuals with mood disorders had increased odds of all consequences examined, including placement in long-term care (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71 to 3.02) and death (adjusted OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.63). Conclusions: Mood disorders in late life were strongly correlated with demographic and social/behavioral factors, health care use, institutionalization, and mortality. Understanding these relationships provides a basis for potential interventions to reduce the occurrence of mood disorders in late life and their consequences.

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Thrombomodulin gene polymorphisms or haplotypes as potential risk factors for venous thromboembolism: a population-based case-control study

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01187.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 710-717 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

JOHN A. HEIT ◽

TANYA M. PETTERSON ◽

WHYTE G. OWEN ◽

JAMES P. BURKE ◽

MARIZA DE ANDRADE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

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One size fits all? Why we need more sophisticated analytical methods in the explanation of trajectories of cognition in older age and their potential risk factors

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610209990937 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 291-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Graciela Muniz Terrera ◽

Carol Brayne ◽

Fiona Matthews ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

Population Based ◽

Growth Mixture ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACTBackground: Cognitive decline in old age varies among individuals. The identification of groups of individuals with similar patterns of cognitive change over time may improve our ability to see whether the effect of risk factors is consistent across groups.Methods: Whilst accounting for the missing data, growth mixture models (GMM) were fitted to data from four interview waves of a population-based longitudinal study of aging, the Cambridge City over 75 Cohort Study (CC75C). At all interviews global cognition was assessed using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE).Results: Three patterns were identified: a slow decline with age from a baseline of cognitive ability (41% of sample), an accelerating decline from a baseline of cognitive impairment (54% of sample) and a steep constant decline also from a baseline of cognitive impairment (5% of sample). Lower cognitive scores in those with less education were seen at baseline for the first two groups. Only in those with good performance and steady decline was the effect of education strong, with an increased rate of decline associated with poor education. Good mobility was associated with higher initial score in the group with accelerating change but not with rate of decline.Conclusion: Using these analytical methods it is possible to detect different patterns of cognitive change with age. In this investigation the effect of education differs with group. To understand the relationship of potential risk factors for cognitive decline, careful attention to dropout and appropriate analytical methods, in addition to long-term detailed studies of the population points, are required.

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Analysis of Potential Oral Cleft Risk Factors in the Kosovo Population

International Surgery ◽

10.9738/intsurg-d-13-00089.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 161-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sami Salihu ◽

Blerim Krasniqi ◽

Osman Sejfija ◽

Nijazi Heta ◽

Nderim Salihaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Paternal Age ◽

Parental Age ◽

Oral Cleft ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the association of potential risk factors such as positive family cleft history, smoking, use of drugs during pregnancy, and parental age with oral clefts in offspring within the Kosovo population. We conducted a population-based case-control study of live births in Kosovo from 1996 to 2005. Using a logistic regression model, 244 oral cleft cases were compared with 488 controls. We have excluded all syndromic clefts. Heredity increases the risk of clefts in newborns [odds ratio (OR) = 8.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.12–23.52]. Clefts were also associated with smoking (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 0.75–4.08), use of drugs during pregnancy (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 0.82–5.12), increasing maternal age (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.42–2.49), and increasing paternal age (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2– 1.4). We found heredity to be the most important factor for cleft occurrence in Kosovar newborns. Another significant potential risk factor for occurrence of clefts is the parental age. We found the use of drugs and smoking during pregnancy to be less significant.

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P227 A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS FOR IBD

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1873-9954(08)70238-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 71-72

Author(s):

P. López ◽

J.L. Perez ◽

T. Perez ◽

C. Fernandez ◽

M. Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

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Hypertension and Related Comorbidities as Potential Risk Factors for COVID-19 Hospitalization and Severity: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10061194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1194

Author(s):

Ujué Fresán ◽

Marcela Guevara ◽

Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín ◽

Cristina Burgui ◽

Carmen Ezpeleta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽

Potential Risk Factors

The independent role of hypertension for COVID-19 outcomes in the population remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the independent effect of hypertension and hypertension-related conditions, i.e., cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and chronic kidney diseases, as potential risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization and severe COVID-19 (i.e., intensive care unit admission or death) in the population. The risk for severe COVID-19 among hospitalized patients was also evaluated. A Spanish population-based cohort of people aged 25–79 years was prospectively followed from March to May 2020 to identify hospitalizations for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Poisson regression was used to estimate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for COVID-19 hospitalization and severe COVID-19 among the whole cohort, and for severe COVID-19 among hospitalized patients. Of 424,784 people followed, 1106 were hospitalized by COVID-19 and 176 were severe cases. Hypertension was not independently associated with a higher risk of hospitalization (aRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.83–1.12) nor severe COVID-19 (aRR 1.12, 95% CI 0.80–1.56) in the population. Persons with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and chronic kidney diseases were at higher risk for COVID-19 hospitalization (aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.58; aRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04–1.92; and aRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21–1.91; respectively) and severe COVID-19 (aRR 1.61, 95% CI 1.13–2.30; aRR 1.91, 95% CI 1.13–3.25; and aRR 1.78, 95% CI 1.14–2.76; respectively). COVID-19 hospitalized patients with cerebrovascular diseases were at higher risk of mortality (aRR 1.80, 95% CI 1.00–3.23). The current study shows that, in the general population, persons with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and chronic kidney diseases, but not those with hypertension only, should be considered as high-risk groups for COVID-19 hospitalization and severe COVID-19.

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Prevalence of Intracranial Aneurysm in Patients With Aortic Disease in Korea: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.019009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jihye Song ◽

Yong Cheol Lim ◽

Inseok Ko ◽

Jong‐Yeup Kim ◽

Dong‐Kyu Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intracranial Aneurysm ◽

Potential Risk ◽

National Sample ◽

Aortic Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Aortic Aneurysms ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Representative Cohort

Background Patients with aortic disease (AD) might have a higher prevalence of intracranial aneurysm (IA). The present study evaluated the prevalence of IA in patients with AD and identified potential risk factors of IA using nationwide representative cohort sample data. Methods and Results We defined AD as both aortic dissections and aortic aneurysms. This study used a nationwide representative cohort sample from the Korea National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort database from 1.1million patients. Using χ 2 or Fisher’s exact tests, the prevalence of the IA in patients with AD and potential risk factors for their concurrence were analyzed. The prevalence of IA in patients with AD was 6.8% (155/2285). The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for having concurrent IA in patients with AD was 3.809 (95% CI, 3.191–4.546; P <0.01). Patients with AD and hypertension were >19 times more likely to be affected by IA (adjusted OR, 18.679; 95% CI, 16.555–21.076; P <0.01). Patients with AD and diabetes mellitus, old age (>60 years), and male sex were >4, 3, and 2 times more likely to be affected by IA, respectively (adjusted OR, 4.291, 3.469, and 1.983, respectively; 95% CI, 3.914–4.704, 3.152–3.878, and 1.779–2.112, respectively). Subgroup analysis with socioeconomic status or disability revealed that the prevalence of IA was significantly higher in all groups. Conclusions In the current population‐based study, the prevalence of IA in patients with AD was quadrupled compared with that in the general population. Early IA screening might be considered among patients with AD for appropriate management.

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Surveillance of COVID-19 in the General Population Using an Online Questionnaire: Report From 18,161 Respondents in China

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance ◽

10.2196/18576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. e18576 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hongxing Luo ◽

Yongchan Lie ◽

Frits W Prinzen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Online Survey ◽

Population Level ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Wuhan City ◽

Level Information ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of

Background The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become an international pandemic. So far, little is known about the role of an internet approach in COVID-19 participatory surveillance. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether an online survey can provide population-level information for observing prevalence trends during the early phase of an outbreak and identifying potential risk factors of COVID-19 infection. Methods A 10-item online questionnaire was developed according to medical guidelines and relevant publications. It was distributed between January 24 and February 17, 2020. The characteristics of respondents and temporal changes of various questionnaire-derived indicators were analyzed. Results A total of 18,161 questionnaires were returned, including 6.45% (n=1171) from Wuhan City. Geographical distributions of the respondents were consistent with the population per province (R2=0.61, P<.001). History of contact significantly decreased with time, both outside Wuhan City (R2=0.35, P=.002) and outside Hubei Province (R2=0.42, P<.001). The percentage of respondents reporting a fever peaked around February 8 (R2=0.57, P<.001) and increased with a history of contact in the areas outside Wuhan City (risk ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52, P<.001). Male sex, advanced age, and lung diseases were associated with a higher risk of fever in the general population with a history of contact. Conclusions This study shows the usefulness of an online questionnaire for the surveillance of outbreaks like COVID-19 by providing information about trends of the disease and aiding the identification of potential risk factors.

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