Evaluating tobacco retailer experience and compliance with a flavoured tobacco product restriction in Boston, Massachusetts: impact on product availability, advertisement and consumer demand

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Kephart ◽  
Claude Setodji ◽  
Joseph Pane ◽  
William Shadel ◽  
Glory Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

BackgroundFlavoured tobacco products are widely available in youth-accessible retailers and are associated with increased youth initiation and use. The city of Boston, Massachusetts restricted the sale of flavoured tobacco products, including cigars, smokeless tobacco and e-cigarettes, to adult-only retailers. This paper describes the impact of the restriction on product availability, advertisement and consumer demand.MethodsBetween January and December 2016, data were collected in 488 retailers in Boston at baseline and 469 retailers at 8-month follow-up, measuring the type, brand and flavour of tobacco products being sold. Process measures detailing the educational enforcement process, and retailer experience were also captured. McNemar tests and t-tests were used to assess the impact of the restriction on product availability.ResultsAfter policy implementation, only 14.4% of youth-accessible retailers sold flavoured products compared with 100% of retailers at baseline (p<0.001). Flavoured tobacco product advertisements decreased from being present at 58.9% of retailers to 28.0% at follow-up (p<0.001). Postimplementation, retailers sold fewer total flavoured products, with remaining products often considered as concept flavours (eg, jazz, blue). At follow-up, 64.0% of retailers reported that customers only asked for flavoured products a few times a week or did not ask at all. Retailers reported that educational visits and the flavoured product guidance list aided with compliance.ConclusionTobacco retailers across Boston were largely in compliance with the regulation. Availability of flavoured tobacco products in youth-accessible retailers declined city-wide after policy implementation. Strong educational and enforcement infrastructure may greatly enhance retailer compliance.

scholarly journals The Recalled Age of Initiation of Multiple Tobacco Products among 26–34 Year Olds: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9000
Author(s):  
Adriana Pérez ◽  
Elena Penedo ◽  
Meagan A. Bluestein ◽  
Baojiang Chen ◽  
Cheryl L. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the recalled age of initiation of seven different tobacco products (TPs) and explored potential influences of sex, race/ethnicity, and cigarette-smoking status on tobacco use initiation among adults 26–34 years old using the PATH study. Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted in the adult restricted PATH wave 1 (2013–2014) dataset. Weighted statistics are reported using the balanced repeated replication method and Fay’s correction to account for PATH’s complex study design. Distributions and histograms of the recalled age of initiation of seven different TPs (cigarettes, cigarillos, traditional cigars, filtered cigars, hookah, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes) are reported, as well as the impact of sex and race/ethnicity using Cox proportional hazard models. The impact of cigarette-smoking status on the recalled age of initiation of each tobacco product other than cigarettes was explored. Results: The highest modes of the recalled age of initiation of cigarette use were at 14–15 and 15–16 years old. The distributions of the recalled age of initiation of cigarillos, traditional cigars, filtered cigars, hookah, and smokeless tobacco occurred later, with the highest modes at 15–16 and 17–18 years old. The distribution of the recalled age of initiation of e-cigarettes had a different shape than the other TPs, with the highest mode reported at 27–28 years old. Conclusion: Due to the ever-changing tobacco marketplace, understanding when contemporary adults aged 26–34 years recall initiating TP use is important and will inform prevention researchers.

scholarly journals Six-Week Actual Use Study to Evaluate the Impact of Oral Tobacco-Derived Nicotine Pouches on Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Product Use Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey McCaffrey ◽  
Jennifer Lewis ◽  
Elizabeth Becker ◽  
Andrea Vansickel ◽  
Elsa Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Oral tobacco-derived nicotine (OTDN) products are a rapidly emerging, innovative category of noncombustible tobacco products. These products are tobacco-leaf free and do not contain or generate many of the harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) found in combustible cigarettes or smokeless tobacco (ST) products. OTDN products may therefore offer adult tobacco consumers a potentially reduced harm alternative. However, little is known about OTDN product use patterns or their ability to substitute for more harmful tobacco products.Methods We conducted an open-label, 2-phase, actual use study designed to characterize OTDN pouch product (on!® nicotine pouches - NP) use patterns, including impact on other tobacco use behaviors among adult tobacco consumers interested in using NP. Adult current cigarette smokers (AS) and/or adult ST users (ASTU) (n = 1,147 complete) who were not planning to quit were offered free choice of a portfolio of NP (seven flavors at five nicotine levels) to use at-home, ad-libitum, for 6-weeks following an initial 5-day trial. Participants responded to daily electronic surveys that captured the amount, frequency, and topography (e.g., time in mouth, placement in mouth) of NP and other tobacco product use. Results The majority (99 to 100%) of study participants used NP throughout the 6-week period. Participants used ~5-6 pouches/day of a variety of flavors and nicotine levels. At the end of 6 weeks, a modest proportion of AS (27%) and a substantial proportion of ASTU (71%) reported no use of cigarettes or ST respectively, while reporting continued use of NPs. Additionally, 39% of AS and 14% of ASTU reduced daily consumption of cigarettes or ST products, respectively by 50-99%. Conclusions Participants found NPs acceptable with a sizeable proportion completely switching away from or substantially reducing (50-99%) their cigarette or ST consumption by week 6. Availability of a variety of flavors and nicotine levels appeared to facilitate the conversion to NP. These data suggest that, under the conditions of the study, NP can be a potential substitute for cigarettes or ST products and may offer harm reduction potential for adult smokers and smokeless tobacco users not interested in quitting.Trial Registration Note: This study is an observational study with tobacco products currently available in the marketplace for adult tobacco consumers. Since there is no intervention per se and we did not collect any biosamples this is not a “clinical study” and there is no appropriate registry for such behavioral observational studies, we do not believe that this requirement is applicable.

scholarly journals Impact of common tobacco products on human health and environmental pollution in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
MA Mondol ◽  
AMM Hosain ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
S Marzia ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Worldwide, tobacco is one of the leading causes of disability and death. Over a million of pounds of toxic chemicals are released by tobacco products. This study aims to explore the effects of tobacco toxicants on human health and environmental pollution. Four districts (Dhaka, Kushtia, Chattogram and Rangpur) were selected where most of the tobacco product grown. Total 468 respondents were interviewed face-to-face using structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge about toxicant content in tobacco and health and environmental hazards of tobacco use. Survey results revealed that about 44.4% respondents used smoking tobacco products and 38.5% used smokeless tobacco, while only 17.1% used both. About two third (74.3%) of smoking tobacco users started smoking when they were between 15 to 24 years old and majority (61.6%) of smokeless tobacco users started tobacco when they were between 30 to 35 years above. Tobacco product has large impacts on health of young smokers. Smokers are suffering from various acute and chronic diseases. Among the respondents, 38% indicated that they were suffering from hypertension. The second most affected disease was COPD/Asthma (31.6%), while cancer was the least suffering disease (0.4%). Majority of the respondents were not aware about the presence of toxicants (i.e. nicotine, tar and metals) in tobacco products. However, 85.1% tobacco users had an idea about environmental pollution. There is a lack of knowledge among the survey respondents about toxicants in tobacco products that are linked to health hazards and environmental pollution. These results are important in strengthening existing policy considering adverse health effects of toxicants examined. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 130-143, 2020

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of a new tobacco product: review of Philip Morris International’s Population Health Impact Model as applied to the IQOS heated tobacco product

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s82-s86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy B Max ◽  
Hai-Yen Sung ◽  
James Lightwood ◽  
Yingning Wang ◽  
Tingting Yao
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
New Product ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe review the Population Health Impact Model (PHIM) developed by Philip Morris International and used in its application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market its heated tobacco product (HTP), IQOS, as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP). We assess the model against FDA guidelines for MRTP applications and consider more general criteria for evaluating reduced-risk tobacco products.MethodsIn assessing the PHIM against FDA guidelines, we consider two key components of the model: the assumptions implicit in the model (outcomes included, relative harm of the new product vs cigarettes, tobacco-related diseases considered, whether dual or polyuse of the new product is modelled, and what other tobacco products are included) and data used to estimate and validate model parameters (transition rates between non-smoking, cigarette-only smoking, dual use of cigarettes and MRTP, and MRTP-only use; and starting tobacco use prevalence).ResultsThe PHIM is a dynamic state transition model which models the impact of cigarette and MRTP use on mortality from four tobacco-attributable diseases. The PHIM excludes morbidity, underestimates mortality, excludes tobacco products other than cigarettes, does not include FDA-recommended impacts on non-users and underestimates the impact on other population groups.ConclusionThe PHIM underestimates the health impact of HTP products and cannot be used to justify an MRTP claim. An assessment of the impact of a potential MRTP on population health should include a comprehensive measure of health impacts, consideration of all groups impacted, and documented and justifiable assumptions regarding model parameters.

Changes in cigarillo availability following implementation of a local flavoured tobacco sales restriction

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056229
Author(s):  
Todd Rogers ◽  
Doris G Gammon ◽  
Ellen M Coats ◽  
James M Nonnemaker ◽  
Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionProvidence, Rhode Island (RI) was among the first US jurisdictions to enact a policy (effective 3 January 2013) restricting the retail sale of non-cigarette tobacco products with a characterising flavour other than the taste or aroma of tobacco, menthol, mint or wintergreen. We used scanner data to assess the impact of this sales restriction on retail availability of cigarillos, flavoured and otherwise, in Providence and a rest-of-state (ROS) comparison area.MethodsEvery unique cigarillo product—each indicated by a universal product code (UPC)—available for sale in RI from January 2012 to December 2016 was assigned to an exclusive flavour-name category (tobacco; explicit or concept flavour; or menthol/mint) based on characteristics in the scanner dataset and, as necessary, information from online websites. We calculated weekly unique cigarillo UPC counts and market share by flavour category and used difference-in-difference regression to assess prepolicy and postpolicy changes in counts and share in Providence relative to ROS.ResultsThe prepolicy to postpolicy decrease in the number of unique cigarillo products available in Providence was 28.64 (±5.83) UPCs greater than the comparable decrease in ROS (p<0.05). The prepolicy to postpolicy increase in the number of unique concept-named flavoured cigarillo products in Providence was 6.08 (±2.31) UPCs greater than the increase in ROS (p<0.05). The postpolicy market share of concept-named flavoured cigarillos was higher in Providence (27.32%, ±1.77) than ROS (12.67%, ±1.67) (p<0.05).ConclusionsAfter policy implementation, Providence consumers were exposed to fewer cigarillo UPCs but a greater variety and proportion of concept-named flavoured cigarillos in the retail marketplace.

Flavored Tobacco Sales Prohibition (2009) and Noncigarette Tobacco Products in Retail Stores (2017), New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-730
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Farley ◽  
Julia Sisti ◽  
John Jasek ◽  
Kevin R. J. Schroth
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Block Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Flavored Tobacco

Objectives. To assess explicit- (products clearly labeled flavored) and emergent concept- (products implying flavoring but not clearly labeled) flavored tobacco product availability following New York City’s flavor restriction. Methods. We examined explicit- and concept-flavored tobacco product availability, with 2017 New York City Retailer Advertising of Tobacco Survey data (n = 1557 retailers). We assessed associations between block group–level demographic characteristics and product availability by using logistic regression. Results. Most retailers sold explicit-flavored (70.9%) or concept-flavored (69.3%) products. The proportion of non-Hispanic Black neighborhood residents predicted explicit- and concept-flavored product availability, as did having a high school within a retailer’s block group for concept-flavored products. Conclusions. Explicit- and concept-flavored other tobacco products persisted throughout New York City, despite 2009 legislation restricting sales. Public Health Implications. Making local sales restrictions or federal production bans inclusive of all explicit and concept flavors would reduce retailer and industry evasion opportunities and protect the health of youths and others.

Impact of flavoured tobacco restriction policies on flavoured product availability in Massachusetts

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Kingsley ◽  
Glory Song ◽  
Jennifer Robertson ◽  
Patricia Henley ◽  
W W Sanouri Ursprung
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Time Periods

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of flavoured tobacco product restriction policies in reducing availability of flavoured products in Massachusetts communities.MethodsData were obtained from surveys of tobacco retailers conducted from July 2015 to March 2017. On a community level, flavoured product availability was defined as the per cent of retailers during a given 3-month quarter that sold flavoured cigars/cigarillos, electronic cigarettes and/or e-liquids. Communities that implemented the policy during the study period were grouped into wave 1 (n=18; 1481 retail surveys) and wave 2 (n=20; 483 retail surveys) by date of policy implementation; communities without a flavoured product restriction served as the control group (n=234; 4932 retail surveys). A difference-in-difference analysis was used to compare the change in flavoured product availability in wave 1 and wave 2 communities 3 months pre-policy and post-policy implementation to the change over the same time periods in the control group.ResultsFrom pre-policy to post-policy implementation period, communities in both waves experienced significant reductions in flavoured product availability (ranging from 27.2% to 50.9%), even after adjusting for community-level characteristics. In both waves 1 and 2, reductions in flavoured product availability were significantly greater compared with comparison communities during the same time frame, adjusting for community-level characteristics.ConclusionsCompliance with flavoured product restriction policies is high among tobacco retailers throughout Massachusetts, regardless of community demographic and retail characteristics. Reduced availability of flavoured tobacco in the retail environment has the potential to reduce youth exposure, access and use of these products.

scholarly journals Trend in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh: findings from the ITC Bangladesh Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s20-s30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigar Nargis ◽  
Michal Stoklosa ◽  
Jeffrey Drope ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Anne C K Quah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Price Increase ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Individual Level

BackgroundThe price of tobacco products in relation to the income of tobacco users—affordability—is recognised as a key determinant of tobacco use behaviour. The effectiveness of a price increase as a deterrent to tobacco use depends on how much price increases in relation to the income of the potential users. The aim of this paper is to examine the distribution of and trends in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh.MethodUsing four waves of International Tobacco Control Survey data on Bangladesh, this study measures affordability of tobacco products at the individual level as the ratio of self-reported price and self-reported income. The trends in affordability by brand categories of cigarettes and of bidi and smokeless tobacco are estimated using multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsDespite significant increase in price, the affordability of cigarettes increased between 2009 and 2014–2015 due to income growth outpacing price increase. The increase was disproportionately larger for more expensive brands. The affordability of bidis increased over this period as well. The affordability of smokeless tobacco products remained unchanged between 2011–2012 and 2014–2015.ConclusionThe tax increases that were implemented during 2009–2015 were not enough to increase tobacco product prices sufficiently to outweigh the effect of income growth, and to reduce tobacco consumption. The findings from this research inform policymakers that in countries experiencing rapid economic growth, significant tax increases are needed to counteract the effect of income growth, in order for the tax increases to be effective in reducing tobacco use.

scholarly journals Collaborative Governance In The Reduction Of Earthquake And Tsunami Disaster Risks In Bengkulu City

2019 ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Sri Indarti ◽  
Juim Juim
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The West ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Governance Analysis ◽  
The City

This study analyzes Collaborative governance in the earthquake and tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction Policy (DRR). Collaborative governance analysis in disaster risk reduction policy uses Ratner's Collaborative Governance Stages (2012) theory, which includes Identifying Obstacles and Opportunities, Debating Strategies for Influence and Planning Collaborative Actions Disaster Risk Reduction for Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters has been carried out in the City of Bengkulu which is located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra. Various institutions have developed DRR, with their respective patterns and limited coordination. Collaborative governance foundation has been carried out and needs to be developed strategically as an alternative implementation and development of more effective policies and management. The findings in this study that Collaboration on DRR The earthquake and tsunami in Bengkulu City were in the pilot stage, which provided the initial foundation for developing DRR policy implementation. There are obstacles in DRR implementation and management, which require strategic collaboration for the development of DRR effectively and equitably and continuously. Collaborative follow-up needs to be done with the establishment of a permanent forum that is needed flexibly, by avoiding a strict hierarchical structure or using organization horizontally, so that it can accommodate and utilize various stakeholders' potential optimally.

scholarly journals Knowledge, apptitude and practice: smoking and gutka habits in a lower socio-economic cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Aazmeer Mohammad Khan ◽  
Saera Suhail Kidwai ◽  
Saima Akhtar ◽  
Jamal Ara
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Practice Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Background: Smoking and smokeless tobacco use is the major cause of death and disease in South Asia, the use of gutka has surpassed that of smoking in this region thus, acting as a major contributor to oral and esophageal cancer especially in the younger population. Authors have designed this study to explore the knowledge, apptitude and practice regarding smoking and gutka use in a lower socio-economic cohort and observe the impact of education, income and type of profession on the users.Methods: This cross sectional descriptive survey is conducted in Creek General Hospital, Korangi, Karachi. The study design is non-probability convenience. A questionnaire is used to quantify the frequency of smoking-related knowledge-attitude-practice, knowledge and attitude about tobacco-related disease and, smoking cessation-related thoughts and practice. Data is analysed in SPSS 16.Results: A total of 250 subjects participated in this descriptive study, 133 subjects (22% females and 62.6% males) were found addicted to smoking or smokeless tobacco product with stress, seeking pleasure and peer pressure being the most convincing factor to initiate their habit.90% of the users want to stop using the substance of abuse and 80 have at least once tried to quit the habit.Conclusions: This study shows a direct relationship between level of education and socioeconomic status with use of addictive substance. It also resulted in identifying the desire to quit in our cohort and need for formulating a plan specifically for the target population to focus not only to remove the cause, but also to empower them to take responsibility for their own well being. 

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