Implementation of a comprehensive flavoured tobacco product sales restriction and retail tobacco sales

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056494
Author(s):  
Doris G Gammon ◽  
Todd Rogers ◽  
Jennifer Gaber ◽  
James M Nonnemaker ◽  
Ashley L Feld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Product Sales

ObjectiveSan Francisco’s comprehensive restriction on flavoured tobacco sales applies to all flavours (including menthol), all products and all retailers (without exemptions). This study evaluates associations of policy implementation with changes in tobacco sales in San Francisco and in two California cities without any sales restriction.MethodsUsing weekly retail sales data (July 2015 through December 2019), we computed sales volume in equivalent units within product categories and the proportion of flavoured tobacco. An interrupted time series analysis estimated within-city changes associated with the policy’s effective and enforcement dates, separately by product category for San Francisco and comparison cities, San Jose and San Diego.ResultsPredicted average weekly flavoured tobacco sales decreased by 96% from before the policy to after enforcement (p<0.05), and to very low levels across all products, including cigars with concept-flavour names (eg, Jazz). Average weekly flavoured tobacco sales did not change in San Jose and decreased by 10% in San Diego (p<0.05). Total tobacco sales decreased by 25% in San Francisco, 8% in San Jose and 17% in San Diego (each, p<0.05).ConclusionsSan Francisco’s comprehensive restriction virtually eliminated flavoured tobacco sales and decreased total tobacco sales in mainstream retailers. Unlike other US flavoured tobacco policy evaluations, there was no evidence of substitution to concept–flavour named products. Results may be attributed to San Francisco Department of Health’s self-education and rigorous retailer education, as well as the law’s rebuttable presumption of a product as flavoured based on manufacturer communication.

scholarly journals Association of flavoured cigar regulations with wholesale tobacco volumes in Canada: an interrupted time series analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O Chaiton ◽  
Robert Schwartz ◽  
Gabrielle Tremblay ◽  
Robert Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Health Canada ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionThis study examines the association of Federal Canadian regulations passed in 2009 addressing flavours (excluding menthol) in small cigars with changes in cigar sales.MethodsQuarterly wholesale unit data as reported to Health Canada from 2001 through 2016 were analysed using interrupted time series analysis. Changes in sales of cigars with and without flavour descriptors were estimated. Analyses were seasonally adjusted. Changes in the flavour types were assessed over time.ResultsThe Federal flavour regulations were associated with a reduction in the sales of flavoured cigars by 59 million units (95% CI −86.0 to −32.4). Increases in sales of cigars with descriptors other than flavours (eg, colour or other ambiguous terms) were observed (9.6 million increase (95% CI −1.3 to 20.5), but the overall level (decline of 49.6 million units (95% CI −73.5 to −25.8) and trend of sales of cigars (6.9 million units per quarter (95% CI −8.1 to −5.7)) declined following the ban. Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no substantial difference in effect over time comparing Ontario and British Columbia, suggesting that other provincial tobacco control legislation was not associated with the changes in levels. Analyses suggested that the level change was sensitive to the specification of the date.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that flavour regulations have the potential to substantially impact tobacco sales. However, exemptions for certain flavours and product types may have reduced the effectiveness of the ban, indicating the need for comprehensive, well-designed regulations.

The African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council: Advocating for a menthol cigarette ban in San Francisco, California

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056215
Author(s):  
Sarah D Mills ◽  
Carol O McGruder ◽  
Valerie B Yerger
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Product Sales

The African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council (AATCLC) is an advocacy group that works to inform the direction of tobacco control policy and priorities in the USA. This article narrates the AATCLC’s work advocating for a comprehensive, flavoured tobacco product sales ban in San Francisco, California. Recommendations for tobacco control advocates and lessons learned from their work are provided. The article concludes by discussing conditions necessary to enact the policy. These include having a dedicated advocacy team, community support, a policy sponsor, and clear and repeated messaging that is responsive to community concerns.

Impact of three annual tobacco tax rises on tobacco sales in remote Australian Aboriginal community stores

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055865
Author(s):  
David P Thomas ◽  
Emma McMahon ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
Michelle M Scollo ◽  
Sarah J Durkin
Keyword(s):  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Aboriginal Communities ◽  
Tobacco Taxes ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Australian Aboriginal Community ◽  
Tobacco Taxation ◽  
First Time

BackgroundThere is strong evidence from many settings that tobacco tax rises which increase prices reduce tobacco consumption, but only limited evidence from Indigenous settings.MethodsWe analysed 3 years (2016–2018) of weekly sales data from 32 stores in remote Aboriginal communities. We used interrupted time series analysis to estimate the immediate impact of the price rice following annual 12.5% tobacco tax rises on sales on (A) stick equivalents of tobacco and (B) fruit and vegetables (kg) per $A1000 of grocery sales, and on the trend in sales between price rises.ResultsWe detected 5.8% and 8.2% immediate declines in tobacco sales following the price rises associated with annual 12.5% tax rises in 2016 and 2018, and a non-significant decline (1.6%) following the 2017 tax rise. Decreased sales were mainly driven by declines in mainstream and premium factory-made cigarettes. Fruit and vegetable sales did not change at the time of tobacco price rises.ConclusionFor the first time, we demonstrated evidence of price-sensitivity and the immediate impact of price rises from tobacco tax rises on tobacco sales in remote Aboriginal communities. We acknowledge that Australia already has very high tobacco taxation and prices, but recommend further increases to the taxation of roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco to prevent smokers and industry using cheaper RYO cigarettes to undermine this impact of high tobacco taxes and prices.

scholarly journals The effects of price promotion on relative virtue and vice food products

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-654
Author(s):  
Josefa Parreño-Selva ◽  
Francisco J. Mas-Ruiz ◽  
Enar Ruiz-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Price Promotion ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Light Product ◽  
Enduring Involvement ◽  
Product Sales

Retailers use price promotion of light and regular products, but not all of these products are perceived as relative virtues and vices, respectively. This paper aims to identify whether consumers distinguish between the two product categories. Survey data is used to distinguish between each product category, and identifies low-fat milk as a light product that gives both immediate and delayed rewards. Daily scanner data from a hypermarket supports the effects of price promotions on sales within and between product categories, as expected. We expect that, (1) due to these light products representing more enduring involvement, demand is less price sensitive compared to demand for regular products; (2) as nonimpulse purchase products, price promotions of light products cannibalize the sales of other light products; and (3) the loss of light product benefits associated with switching means that price promotions of light products hurt regular product sales more than vice versa.

National and state patterns of concept-flavoured cigar sales, USA, 2012–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris G Gammon ◽  
Todd Rogers ◽  
Ellen M Coats ◽  
James M Nonnemaker ◽  
Kristy L Marynak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
State Level ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Product Code ◽  
Consumer Review ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Product Sales

IntroductionCigar sales have increased in the USA in recent years. A growing proportion of cigar sales are of flavoured varieties, many bearing ambiguous or ‘concept’ flavour descriptions (eg, Jazz). This study assessed US cigar sales by flavour category (ie, concept flavoured, characterising flavoured and tobacco), at national, regional and state levels.MethodsSales of cigarillos, large cigars and little cigars from chain, franchise and convenience stores, mass merchandisers, supermarkets, drug, dollar and club stores, and military commissaries during 2012–2016 were acquired from the Nielsen Company. US national-level and state-level sales, including District of Columbia, were analysed by flavour category. Flavour descriptors were classified as ‘tobacco', ‘characterising’ or ‘concept', based on Universal Product Code (UPC)-linked characteristics and brand website and consumer review descriptions.ResultsCigar sales increased by 29% during 2012–2016, driven by a 78% increase in cigarillo sales. The proportion of concept-flavoured sales increased from 9% to 15%, while the proportion of sales decreased for tobacco (50% to 49%) and characterising flavours (eg, cherry) (41% to 36%). Cigarillos had the greatest increase in unique concept flavour descriptions (17 to 46 unique UPCs), with most sales occurring among Sweet, Jazz and Green Sweets concept flavours. By US region, total and concept-flavoured cigarillo sales were highest in the South.ConclusionsFlavoured cigars are increasingly labelled with concept flavours, including in areas with flavoured tobacco sales restrictions. Cigarillos are driving recent increases in US cigar and concept-flavoured cigar sales. It is important to consider concept flavours when addressing flavoured tobacco product sales and use.

scholarly journals Placement and sales of tobacco products and nicotine replacement therapy in tobacco-free and tobacco-selling pharmacies in Northern California: an observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e025603
Author(s):  
Liriany Pimentel ◽  
Dorie E Apollonio
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Customers

ObjectivesAlthough tobacco is the leading preventable cause of death in the USA, it is routinely sold in pharmacies. In 2008, San Francisco became the first city in the USA to pass a tobacco-free pharmacy ordinance. Over the next decade, 171 municipalities enacted similar policies, and in 2018, Massachusetts banned tobacco sales in pharmacies. Our objective was to assess the perceived effects of tobacco-free pharmacy policies on displays, sales, customer visits and counselling.DesignObservational study and survey.SettingIn 2017, we visited Walgreens and CVS stores in San Francisco and nearby San Jose, which allows tobacco sales, to assess placement of tobacco and over-the-counter tobacco cessation products (nicotine replacement therapy or NRT). We surveyed an employee at each site regarding the impact that tobacco-free pharmacy policies had had on customer traffic and sales of NRT.ParticipantsWe obtained display data from 72 pharmacies and collected surveys from 55 employees (76% response rate).ResultsA majority of respondents at tobacco-free pharmacies (55%) reported that the policy had not affected customer visits. In comparison, 70% of respondents at tobacco-selling pharmacies believed that eliminating tobacco sales would reduce the number of customers visiting their stores. Pharmacies that were tobacco free and those that sold tobacco reported comparable displays, sales and counselling for NRT.ConclusionsPharmacies operating under tobacco-free policies did not report reduced customer visits. Greater awareness of this outcome could help pharmacies implement public health recommendations to eliminate tobacco sales.

scholarly journals Eco-Packaging and its Market Performance: UPC-level Sales, Brand Spillover Effects, and Curvilinearity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9061
Author(s):  
Sunhee Choi ◽  
Sangno Lee
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Scanner Panel

The prior research has partially addressed the full impacts of eco-packaging, mainly focusing on intention or attitude in a limited context. We attempt to investigate the actual consumer behavioral pattern to the eco-packaging appeals with revealed preference data. To test the diverse impacts on various product hierarchies, the sales of frequently purchased product category was applied. The scanner panel data availability in multi-category products enables us to test (1) the eco-packaging appeal impacts on Universal Product Code level sales, (2) the eco-packaging impacts on brand spillover effect, and (3) the linear or non-linear relationship between eco-packaging appeal and sales. Our results show that eco-packaging does contribute to its individual product sales. With regard to the brand spillover effect, our results reveal rather interesting results: brand spillover effect is present when eco-packaging intensity is high in the own product category, but not when the intensity is high in other product categories even if they both carry the same umbrella brand. Lastly, we discover an inverted U-shaped relationship between eco-packaging intensity within a brand and brand-level sales. It implies that adding eco-packaging appeal to products would actually increase the whole brand sales immediately, but after a peak point, the positive association transfer is weakened. Our results highlight that it is necessary to consider that ecologically sound packaging does induce market success.

scholarly journals Loyalty status of consumers to cigarettes brands and influencing factors in Bangalore City: A descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Preetika Parmar ◽  
, Radha
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background :- Brand  loyalty  has  been  studied  in  many  industries  and  countless  product  categories.  Despite  the  fact,  very  few  research  here  been  conducted on the tobacco product category in India.  The aim of this study was to determine the loyalty status of consumers to cigarettes brands and factors that influence the loyalty status groups. Design and methods:-  A descriptive study was conducted during the period of March 2017- April 2017 among the smokers visiting VS Dental College & Hospital , Bangalore Karnataka. A total of 340 smokers participated in the study. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics with frequency and percentage was used to describe the data.  Results :- It was  observed that, four main  loyalty  levels  exist  i.e.  hardcore,  softcore,  shifters and switchers and have different demographic characteristics and reasons for their loyalty  status. The  hardcore  loyal  gave  their  main  reasons  as  high  satisfaction derived quickly,  affordable price and  strong  smell. The softcore reasons were;  strength of the kick, similar menthol and same price. Conclusion:- The study concluded that the loyalty status groups of smokers exist i.e. hardcore loyal, softcore loyal, shifters loyal and switchers.  The reason behind the loyalty status groups is due to the nature of cigarettes and unique characteristics among the group of smokers. Keywords:  cigarettes, brand loyalty , brand switching , consumers , loyalty status.

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