Effect of nalbuphine on rocuronium injection pain

ObjectiveRocuronium-associated intravenous injection pain occurs frequently in children during induction of anesthesia. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the benefits of nalbuphine in patients with rocuronium-associated injection pain.MethodsNinety children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in our hospital between October 2019 and September 2020 were randomly divided into the following groups, with 30 patients per group: control group (group C), lidocaine group (group L), and nalbuphine group (group N). Routine 0.1 mg/kg midazolam and 2 mg/kg propofol were injected intravenously. After sedation, children in group C, group L, and group N were administered an intravenous injection of saline, lidocaine (10 mg/mL), or nalbuphine hydrochloride (2 mg/mL), respectively, at a dosage of 0.1 mL/kg. Intravenous injection of rocuronium stock solution (0.6 mg/kg) was administered 2 minutes later. Pain was evaluated using Ambeshs 4-pointscale. The incidence of rocuronium injection pain was compared among the three groups, and postoperative adverse reactions, such as drowsiness, bradycardia, hypotension, and respiratory depression, were evaluated.ResultsThe incidence of injection pain among children in group N was significantly lower than that in group C and group L (p<0.05). The incidence of drowsiness in group N was significantly higher than that in the other groups (p<0.05). The incidences of hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression were not significantly different among the three groups (p>0.05).ConclusionsIntravenous nalbuphine during induction of anesthesia effectively prevented rocuronium-associated injection pain in children. Drowsiness is a complication.

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Electroacupuncture at PC6 or ST36 Influences the Effect of Tacrine on the Motility of Esophagus

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/263489 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chi Wang ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Peng-Yan Xie

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Model Group ◽

Gastric Distention ◽

Group Control ◽

Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽

Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Group Control Group ◽

Common Cavity

Aim.To investigate the mechanisms of gastrointestinal side effects of tacrine, and find treatment methods with electroacupuncture (EA).Methods. Twenty-five healthy cats were randomly divided into 5 groups: gastric-distention group (model group), tacrine group (cholinesterase inhibitor), tacrine + sham acupoint group (control group), tacrine + PC6 (neiguan) group, and tacrine + ST36 (zusanli) group, with 5 cats in each group. Saline 2 mL i.p. was given 30 min before gastric distention in model group. Tacrine 5.6 mg/kg i.p. was given 30 minutes before gastric distention in the other groups. Tacrine + sham acupoint group (control group), tacrine + PC6 group, and tacrine + ST36 group received EA at corresponding acupoints during gastric distention. The frequency of TLESRs and LESP were recorded by using a perfused sleeve assembly.Results. Compared with the model group, tacrine significantly increased the frequency of gastric distention-induced TLESR (P<0.05) but did not influence the rate of common cavity during TLESR. Tacrine significantly increased the LESP, which could not remain during gastric distention. EA at PC6 could decrease the frequency of TLESR and maintain the increase of LESP, but EA at ST36 did not have these effects.Conclusion. Tacrine can significantly increase the gastric distention-induced transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs). Electroacupuncture (EA) at PC6 may reverse the above side effect.

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Fat absorption after total gastrectomy in rats submitted to Roux-en-Y or Rosanov-like double-transit technique

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502006000600005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 380-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gustavo Sevá-Pereira ◽

Luiz Roberto Lopes ◽

Nelson Ary Brandalise ◽

Nelson Adami Andreollo

Keyword(s):

Total Gastrectomy ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Fat Absorption ◽

Group Control ◽

Fat Malabsorption ◽

Group Control Group

PURPOSE: Steatorrhea is one of the most common complications in reconstruction after total gastrectomy. Many reconstruction techniques after total gastrectomy have been developed in order to avoid these undesirable effects, but each one of them has some inconvenience. In this experiment, a modified Rosanov technique that keeps duodenal transit, evaluation of fat absorption after gastrectomy was tested. METHODS: Three groups of rats with the same characteristics were used. Total gastrectomy was performed in two groups: one was operated on and transit was reestablished by the Roux-en-Y technique (group Y), while the other was submitted to the modified Rosanov technique (group R). Following surgery, a handmade hyper fatty diet (11% of fat) was offered. A third group (control - group C) was not operated but was submitted to the same conditions of the other groups, and used for reference steatocrit values. The animals underwent laparotomy 14 days after surgery and had their feces collected from cecum to determine their steatocrit by analysis of their values. RESULTS: Steatocrit values for groups R and C (mean 5.16% and 4.15% respectively) were similar (p > 0.1), while group Y had significantly higher values (mean = 28.18%, p = 0.0001 - p < 0,05). This was attributed to the fact that group R animals had their duodenal transit patent, decreasing the complications expected in the Roux-en-Y reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Steatorrhea in the modified Rosanov technique was similar to the control group, while Roux-en-Y reconstruction presented higher steatorrhea and fat malabsorption.

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Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Administration Prior Anesthesia Induction With Propofol at 4°C Attenuates Propofol Injection Pain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.590465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yayun Lu ◽

Yaping Gu ◽

Lihua Liu ◽

Xuefeng Tang ◽

Qing Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

The Other ◽

Injection Pain ◽

Combination Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

Lidocaine Group ◽

Placebo Control Group

Background: Propofol injection pain, despite various interventions, still occurs during the anesthesia induction and causes intense discomfort and anxiety in patients. This study aimed to explore the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine on propofol injection pain prior to anesthesia induction with propofol at 4°C.Methods: A total of 251 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II) who underwent oral and maxillofacial surgery were randomly assigned to a combination group (n = 63), lidocaine group (n = 62), dexmedetomidine group (n = 63), and placebo-control group (n = 63); they received 0.5 ug/kg dexmedetomidine prior to anesthesia induction with propofol at 4°C, 40 mg lidocaine, 0.5 ug/kg dexmedetomidine prior to anesthesia induction, and normal saline, respectively. Incidence of pain, pain intensity, and reaction to the pain stimulus were evaluated by using verbal categorial scoring (VCS), a numerical rating scale (NRS), and the Surgical Pleth Index (SPI), respectively. In addition, hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also measured. The VCS and NRS were evaluated at 5 s after propofol injection. In addition, SPI, HR, and MAP were evaluated at three time points (before anesthesia induction and 5 and 30 s after propofol injection).Results: The incidence of pain in the combination group (51%) was significantly lower than that in the lidocaine group (71%), dexmedetomidine group (67%), or placebo-control group (94%) (p < 0.001). VCS and NRS scores in the combination group were also lower compared with the other three groups (p < 0.001), with no statistically significant differences between the lidocaine group and dexmedetomidine group (p > 0.05). The SPI of the combination group decreased significantly in comparison with the other three groups at 5 s after propofol injection (F = 96.23, p < 0.001) and 30 s after propofol injection (F = 4.46, p = 0.005). Further comparisons between HR and MAP revealed no significant differences across the groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Because of the sedative nature of dexmedetomidine and analgesic effect of low temperature, this study showed that intravenous dexmedetomidine prior to anesthesia induction with propofol at 4°C is highly effective in attenuating the incidence and severity of pain during injection compared with lidocaine (40 mg), dexmedetomidine 0.5 ug/kg) and placebo. This approach was not associated with any anesthesia complications.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: ChiCTR-2000034663

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Albumin synthesis in humans increases immediately following the administration of endotoxin

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs1030525 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 525-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hans BARLE ◽

Anna JANUSZKIEWICZ ◽

Lars HÅLLSTRÖM ◽

Pia ESSÉN ◽

Margaret A. MCNURLAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Injection ◽

Early Phase ◽

The Other ◽

Synthesis Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Albumin Synthesis ◽

Fractional Synthesis Rate ◽

Before And After ◽

Fractional Synthesis ◽

Absolute Synthesis

In order to investigate the immediate (i.e. within 3h) response of albumin synthesis to the administration of endotoxin, as a model of a moderate and well controlled catabolic insult, two measurements employing L-[2H5]phenylalanine were performed in 16 volunteers. One group (n = 8) received an intravenous injection of endotoxin (4ng/kg; lot EC-6) immediately after the first measurement of albumin synthesis, whereas the other group received saline. A second measurement was initiated 1h later. In the endotoxin group, the fractional synthesis rate of albumin was 6.9±0.6%/day (mean±S.D.) in the first measurement. In the second measurement, a significant increase was observed (9.6±1.2%/day; P<0.001). The corresponding values in the control group were were 6.6±0.6%/day and 7.0±0.6%/day respectively (not significant compared with first measurement and P<0.001 compared with the second measurement in the endotoxin group). The absolute synthesis rates of albumin were 148±35 and 201±49mg·kg-1·day-1 before and after endotoxin (P<0.01). In the control group, the corresponding values were 131±21 and 132±20mg·kg-1·day-1 (not significant compared with the first measurement and P<0.01 compared with the second measurement in the endotoxin group). In conclusion, these results indicate that albumin synthesis increases in the very early phase after a catabolic insult, as represented by the administration of endotoxin.

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Improvement in Static Motor Performance following Yogic Training of School Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1264 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1264-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Shirley Telles ◽

B. Hanumanthaiah ◽

R. Nagarathna ◽

H. R. Nagendra

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Metal Plate ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Attention Span ◽

Voluntary Regulation ◽

Yoga Group ◽

Group Control ◽

Regulation Of Breathing

Two groups of 45 children each, whose ages ranged from 9 to 13 years, were assessed on a steadiness test, at the beginning and again at the end of a 10-day period during which one group received training in yoga, while the other group did not. The steadiness test required insertion of and holding for 15 sec. a metal stylus without touching the sides of holes of decreasing sizes in a metal plate. The contacts were counted as ‘errors.’ During the 10-day period, one group (the ‘Yoga’ group) received training in special physical postures (asanas), voluntary regulation of breathing (Pranayama), maintenance of silence, as well as visual focussing exercises (tratakas) and games to improve the attention span and memory. The other group (control) carried out their usual routine. After 10 days, the ‘Yoga’ group showed a significant (Wilcoxon's paired signed-ranks test) decrease in errors, whereas the ‘control’ group showed no change.

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Comparing the Clinical Effects of Amiodarone and Propafenone in the Arrhythmia’s Treatment

Learning & Education ◽

10.18282/l-e.v9i3.1562 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Charmarke Ibrahim ◽

Sakarie Hidig ◽

Xiang Ma

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Amiodarone Therapy ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Curative Effect ◽

Before And After ◽

Qrs Duration ◽

Group Control Group

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of Amiodarone and Propafenone in the treatment of arrhythmia. Methods: Choose our hospital 100 cases of patients with cardiac arrhythmias. We shall divided into control group (50 cases, Propafenone treatment) and treatment group (50 cases, Amiodarone therapy), to collect the curative effect of two groups of patients, adverse reactions, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, low blood pressure, heart rate slow down) in accordance with the drug treatment and electrocardiogram (ecg) changes before and after the treatment (PR interphase, QT interphase, QRS duration). Results: Control group and the clinical curative effect of treatment group total effectiveness 98%, 86% respectively, the treatment group is significantly higher than the control group. Control group and treatment group the incidence of adverse reactions were 4%, 12%, treatment group was significantly lower than the control group, and two groups of patients duration are improved after treatmentstage PRinterval and QT, QRS.But the treatment group patients with stage PRinterval and QT,such as electrocardiogram QRS duration change was better than control group, which difference hasstatisticalsignificance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with propafenone, amiodarone in the treatment of arrhythmia patients has better therapeutic effect and higher safety, and improve the clinical symptoms of patients effectively. It is suggested to promote clinical practice.

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A study on the use of henna plant (Lawsonia inermis Linn) for the treatment of fungal disease (Trichophypton verrucosum) in calves

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.25923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 2483

Author(s):

H. HIZLI

Keyword(s):

Clinical Examination ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Fungal Disease ◽

Repeated Measurement ◽

Control Group ◽

Lawsonia Inermis ◽

Group Control ◽

Animal Material ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Group Control Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of henna plant (Lawsonia inermis Linn) in the treatment of dermatophytosis lesions (Trichophypton verrucosum) in cattle. The animal material of the trial consisted of 50 holstein calves between the ages of 4 and 6 months, who were found to have a dermatophytosis lesion on their face and neck in their clinical examination. The experiment was organized on a three-group repeated measurement trial plan. I. Group: Trichlorfon (Neguvon 75%, Bayer) ointment, II. Group: Henna applied, and III. Group: Control Group, no treatment, and 20 (10 females, 10 males), 20 (10 females, 10 males), and 10 (5 females, 5 males) totally 50 calves used, respectively. The research was continued for 14 days until the lesions were completely healed. I. and II. Groups were observed the best healing in the calves, respectively. In the III. Group without any treatment, there was no improvement and the lesions were enlarged. In addition, the effect of gender in the treatment process of dermatophytosis lesions was insignificant. As a result of this study, it is thought that henna plant can be used in the treatment of dermatophytosis.

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The Teratogenic Mechanism of Echinochrome as a Hypoglycemic Agent on Wistar Rats

The Open Biomarkers Journal ◽

10.2174/1875318301909010079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 79-83

Author(s):

Ayman S. Mohamed ◽

Eman Y. Salah EL Din ◽

Neveen A. Farag ◽

Abdel Rahman A. Tawfik

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Low Dose ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Teratogenic Effects ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Hypoglycemic Agent ◽

Group Control ◽

Group Control Group

Background: Echinochrome (Ech) is the active ingredient in the Histochrome drug, which possesses strong antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity. Objective: The present work aimed to characterize the malformations induced by moderate and high dose of Ech during pregnancy. Methods: In this study, eighteen (18) female pregnant rats were assigned into 3 groups (6 rats/ group); control group, low dose Ech (0.1 mg/kg) and high dose Ech (1 mg/kg). Results: The high dose of Ech caused a significant decrease in the number of embryos, uteri weight, body weight gain, placenta weight, and embryo weight and length. Also, the high dose led to a significant increase in serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea and uric acid of mothers. Conclusion: Our findings revealed the first teratogenic effects of high dose Ech. The teratogenic mechanism of Ech works through induction of the hypoglycemic condition in pregnant rats.

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SINGLE BULB GARLIC (Allium sativum) EXTRACT IMPROVE SPERM QUALITY IN HYPERLIPIDEMIA MALE MICE MODEL

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v14i1.13562 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nosi Qadariah ◽

Sri Rahayu Lestari ◽

Fatchur Rohman

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

Mice Model ◽

High Fat ◽

Group Control ◽

Group Control Group

The aim of this research was to find out the influence of single bulb garlic on sperm quality improvement in hyperlipidemia model of male mice. Male mice (Balb-C, 12 weeks, bw 21±5 g) were given high fat diet for 45 days until their body weight achieved 45±5 g. The mice were then divided into six groups. The mice in the first group (control group (N)) was fed with 7 g higrow pokphan 551 per day. The mice in the second group (control negative group) was fed with 7 g high fat diet (HFD), while the mice in the third group (control positive group) were treated with statin at dose of 0.91 mg. The mice in groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with single bulb garlic extract at dose of 125 mg/kg bw, 250 mg/kg bw, and 500 mg/kg bw, respectively. On the 31st day, the male were dissected and cauda epididymis was taken and chopped in a sterile phosphat buffer saline (PBS) and observation conducted on sperm quality consisted of sperm count, sperm motility and sperm normality. The results indicated a significant increase in sperm count, motility and normality in mice treated with single bulb garlic extract at dose of 250 mg/kg bw.

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Field trial on the efficacy of a new fenbendazole/praziquantel combination against nematodes and cestodes of dogs

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15690 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 297

Author(s):

C. HIMONAS (Χ. ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑΣ) ◽

S. SOTIRAKI (Σ. ΣΩΤΗΡΑΚΗ) ◽

E. PAPADOPOULOS (Η. ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽

K. PFISTER

Keyword(s):

Field Trial ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

The Other ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Control Group ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasitism

The gastrointestinal parasitism of dogs and cats due to nematodes and cestodes is particularly common. In most cases animals are infected with both groups of parasites. The control of such mixed infections is carried out with nematocidal and cestocidal drugs administered either separately or combined. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a new fenbendazole/praziquantel (CANIQUANTEL PLUS®) combination against nematodes and cestodes of dogs. Toward this end 30 naturally infected dogs were divided into 2 groups: one (n=20) was treated with 50mg fenbendazole and 5mg praziquantel/kg b.w. for two consecutive days and the other (n=10) was not treated and served as the control group. Faecal examinations were carried out on the day of treatment as well as 10 days later. The efficacy level of this combined drug was found to be 98.2% and no adverse reactions were observed. It is concluded that, this anthelmintic combination may be safely used for the satisfactory control of mixed gastrointestinal parasitic infections in dogs.

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