Chapter 13: Nonsynchronized Algorithms with Stochastic State-Dependent Growth Rates

2016 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Dependent Growth

Do abiotic mechanisms determine interannual variability in length-at-age of juvenile Arcto-Norwegian cod?

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Ottersen ◽  
Kristin Helle ◽  
Bjarte Bogstad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dependent Growth

For the large Arcto-Norwegian stock of cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the Barents Sea, year-to-year variability in growth is well documented. Here three hypotheses for the observed inverse relation between abundance and the mean length-at-age of juveniles (ages 1–4) are suggested and evaluated. Based on comprehensive data, we conclude that year-to-year differences in length-at-age are mainly determined by density-independent mechanisms during the pelagic first half year of the fishes' life. Enhanced inflow from the southwest leads to an abundant cohort at the 0-group stage being distributed farther east into colder water masses, causing lower postsettlement growth rates. We can not reject density-dependent growth effects related to variability in food rations, but our data do not suggest this to be the main mechanism. Another hypothesis suggests that lower growth rates during periods of high abundance are a result of density-dependent mechanisms causing the geographic range of juveniles to extend eastwards into colder water masses. This is rejected mainly because year-to-year differences in mean length are established by age 2, which is too early for movements over large distances.

CVD Filling of Narrow Deep 4H-SiC Trenches in a Quasi-Selective Epitaxial Growth Mode

2018 ◽  
Vol 924 ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yang Ji ◽  
Ryoji Kosugi ◽  
Kazutoshi Kojima ◽  
Kazuhiro Mochizuki ◽  
Yasuyuki Kawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Growth Mode ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Defect Generation ◽  
Selective Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Dependent Growth

By mapping the source and HCl flow rates dependent growth rates, the evolving trend of a quasi-selective epitaxial growth (quasi-SEG) that growing very thin epilayer on mesa top and ensuring an extremely low risk of voids defect generation was firstly figured out on a 5-μm 4H-SiC trench. Then, basing on the acquired knowledge, a 25-μm 4H-SiC trench with an aspect ratio up to ~10 was completely filled in the quasi-SEG mode.

scholarly journals Stochastic stability of some state-dependent growth-collapse processes

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 189-220
Author(s):  
Christian Y. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Stochastic Stability ◽  
Long Range Dependence ◽  
Time Process ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Collapse Process

In this paper we consider a discrete-time process which grows according to a random walk with nonnegative increments between crash times at which it collapses to 0. We assume that the probability of crashing depends on the level of the process. We study the stochastic stability of this growth-collapse process. Special emphasis is given to the case in which the probability of crashing tends to 0 as the level of the process increases. In particular, we show that the process may exhibit long-range dependence and that the crash sizes may have a power law distribution.

scholarly journals Applying modern coexistence theory to priority effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (13) ◽  
pp. 6205-6210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess Nahanni Grainger ◽  
Andrew D. Letten ◽  
Benjamin Gilbert ◽  
Tadashi Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Competing Species ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Established Population ◽  
Positive Frequency

Modern coexistence theory is increasingly used to explain how differences between competing species lead to coexistence versus competitive exclusion. Although research testing this theory has focused on deterministic cases of competitive exclusion, in which the same species always wins, mounting evidence suggests that competitive exclusion is often historically contingent, such that whichever species happens to arrive first excludes the other. Coexistence theory predicts that historically contingent exclusion, known as priority effects, will occur when large destabilizing differences (positive frequency-dependent growth rates of competitors), combined with small fitness differences (differences in competitors’ intrinsic growth rates and sensitivity to competition), create conditions under which neither species can invade an established population of its competitor. Here we extend the empirical application of modern coexistence theory to determine the conditions that promote priority effects. We conducted pairwise invasion tests with four strains of nectar-colonizing yeasts to determine how the destabilizing and fitness differences that drive priority effects are altered by two abiotic factors characterizing the nectar environment: sugar concentration and pH. We found that higher sugar concentrations increased the likelihood of priority effects by reducing fitness differences between competing species. In contrast, higher pH did not change the likelihood of priority effects, but instead made competition more neutral by bringing both fitness differences and destabilizing differences closer to zero. This study demonstrates how the empirical partitioning of priority effects into fitness and destabilizing components can elucidate the pathways through which environmental conditions shape competitive interactions.

Growth Patterns in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) Sunfish: Environmental Variation and the Importance of Ontogenetic Niche Shifts

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Osenberg ◽  
Earl E. Werner ◽  
Gary G. Mittelbach ◽  
Donald J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Littoral Habitat ◽  
Ontogenetic Niche Shifts ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Recent Experimental Work

Size-specific growth rates were determined for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) sunfish collected between 1978 and 1985 in nine lakes in southwestern Michigan. Variation in growth rates was attributable to lake effects as well as an interaction between lake and year effects. Year effects explained none of the observed variation, suggesting that growth rates were influenced more by unique lake differences than by annual climatic differences. Analyses of the covariation in growth among different size-classes of bluegill and pumpkinseed revealed that small bluegill (< 55 mm standard length (SL)) and small pumpkinseed (< 40 mm SL) exhibited similar responses to environmental factors, while large bluegill (> 55 mm SL) and large pumpkinseed (> 50 mm SL) responded differently. These breaks in the growth patterns coincide with the sizes at which each species exhibits an ontogenetic shift in diet. Comparison of growth rates and resource densities suggests that the growth rates of the large fishes were food limited. Small fishes showed significant density-dependent growth. This correlative evidence for competition is in agreement with recent experimental work. We suggest that the competition between juvenile sunfishes is driven by the effects of adult resources on adult performance and the eventual recruitment of juveniles into the littoral habitat.

Temperature-Dependent Growth and Production by a Marine Copepod

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. McLaren ◽  
C. J. Corkett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Eurytemora Herdmani ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Highly synchronous cohorts of the copepod Eurytemora herdmani at a station near Halifax, Nova Scotia, were followed in samples taken during late July and early August, 1980. Individuals from the same population were reared in the laboratory from copepodite I (CI) to adult in conditions of food satiation. Development times and adult body sizes in nature were about the same as predicted for comparable temperatures in the laboratory. Weight increments between CI and adult male in samples from nature were exponential. Females became heavier, because of eggs, after CIII, but developed more slowly, so that their specific growth rates were about the same as for males. Production estimated from weights and stage increments in successive samples (cohort method) was adequately predicted from biomasses in samples and temperature-dependent development times from the laboratory. Production of egg matter by adult females was also adequately predicted by temperature-dependent growth rates of younger stages. These "rules" of development, growth, and production need wider empirical testing and theoretical justification.Key words: Copepoda, temperature, life cycles, development, growth, production

Polarity-Dependent Growth Rates of Selective Area Grown ZnO Nanorods by Chemical Bath Deposition

Langmuir ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (25) ◽  
pp. 6269-6279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Cossuet ◽  
Estelle Appert ◽  
Jean-Luc Thomassin ◽  
Vincent Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Dependent Growth
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