The effect of walking on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with knee osteoarthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanie Larose ◽  
Judy King ◽  
Lucie Brosseau ◽  
George A. Wells ◽  
Robert Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Maximum Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Walking Programs

Walking programs alone or in combination with behavioral interventions have proven effective at improving quality of life among older adults with osteoarthritis (OA). It is unclear, however, whether the combination of both of these treatments is more effective at improving cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults with knee OA than a walking program alone or than unsupervised self-directed walking. In this study, we assessed cardiorespiratory fitness with 3 programs: a structured supervised community-based aerobic walking program with a behavioral intervention (WB; n = 41); a supervised program of walking only (W; n = 42); and an unsupervised self-directed walking program (n = 32). We measured maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), exercise test duration, and workload, heart rate, and ventilation at maximum aerobic capacity in older adults with knee OA after 6 months of WB, W, or self-directed walking. Overall, V̇O2peak improved by 4% in female walkers (+0.9 ± 2.5 mL O2·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001) and 5% in male walkers (+1.3 ± 2.7 mL O2·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001), and the change in fitness was similar with all 3 walking interventions. In conclusion, low- to moderate-intensity walking may improve and (or) prevent decrements in cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults with OA. This response was comparable in supervised walkers with and without a behavioral intervention and in unsupervised self-directed walkers.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cognitive Flexibility in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Said Mekari ◽  
Heather F. Neyedli ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
Myles W. O’Brien ◽  
Ricardo Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Introduction: Regular aerobic exercise is associated with better executive function in older adults. It is unclear if high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT) elicits moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or resistance training (RT). We hypothesized that HIIT would augment executive function more than MICT and RT. Methods: Sixty-nine older adults (age: 68 ± 7 years) performed six weeks (three days/week) of HIIT (2 × 20 min bouts alternating between 15 s intervals at 100% of peak power output (PPO) and passive recovery (0% PPO); n = 24), MICT (34 min at 60% PPO; n = 19), or whole-body RT (eight exercise superior improvements in executive function of older adults than moderate-intensity-continuous-training, 2 × 10 repetitions; n = 26). Cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., V˙O2max) and executive function were assessed before and after each intervention via a progressive maximal cycle ergometer protocol and the Stroop Task, respectively. Results: The V˙O2max findings revealed a significant group by time interaction (p = 0.001) in which all groups improved following training, but HIIT and MICT improved more than RT. From pre- to post-training, no interaction in the naming condition of the Stroop Task was observed (p > 0.10). However, interaction from pre- to post-training by group was observed, and only the HIIT group exhibited a faster reaction time (from 1250 ± 50 to 1100 ± 50 ms; p < 0.001) in switching (cognitive flexibility). Conclusion: Despite similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT, but not MICT nor RT, enhanced cognitive flexibility in older adults. Exercise programs should consider using HIIT protocols in an effort to combat cognitive decline in older adults.

Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Training to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-807
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Keating ◽  
Juan Á. Párraga Montilla ◽  
Pedro Á. Latorre Román ◽  
Rafael Moreno del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Female Population ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is emerging as a safe and effective means to combat chronic diseases. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the effect of HIIT interventions in an aging population. Three electronic databases were searched for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training in older adults. After a thorough screening process, 15 articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies expressed a comparable or superior effect of HIIT in cardiorespiratory fitness measures. No studies reported a lessened effect of HIIT in comparison with moderate-intensity continuous training. This systematic review demonstrates that HIIT is a useful exercise regimen, which can be used in older adults to increase cardiorespiratory fitness. More research is needed to determine the effects of HIIT in an aging, predominately female population.

scholarly journals Continuous or intermittent walking, the effect on glycated hemoglobin in sedentary employees during 10-week intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Mynor Rodriguez-Hernandez ◽  
James R. McDonald ◽  
Danielle W. Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Walking Intervention ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Walking Programs ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Walking Group

To examine long term changes on glycated hemoglobin in sedentary employees exposed to two different walking programs during a 10-week intervention. A total of 68 sedentary employees participated in a 10-week walking intervention and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: intermittent walking, continuous walking or control group. Hemoglobin A1cNOW+ device tested glycated hemoglobin and accelerometry assessed physical activity. Results showed glycated hemoglobin significantly decreased over the ten weeks (5.82±0.49, 5.66±0.44) F(1,64) =4.229, p=.044) in the continuous walking group. Post-Hoc test showed the continuous walking group was significantly affected, F=8.463, p=.009, with a large size effect n2=.297. There were no changes within the intermittent group (5.69±0.63, 5.63±0.6) or control group (5.59±0.6, 5.6±0.54) (p>0.05). Accelerometry showed a main effect of time by group interaction F(4,124) =4.688, p=0.001). Post-Hoc indicated that the continuous walking group took significantly longer bouts of moderate to vigorous intensity walking at week-6 compared to pre-test (p=0.006) at this could have influenced the results, there were no changes in the length of bouts in the intermittent or control groups (p>0.05). Sedentary employees who perform a moderate intensity continuous walking program show benefits in controlling blood glucose, thereby, reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Benefits of High-Intensity Interval Training on Cognition and Blood Pressure in Older Adults With Hypertension and Subjective Cognitive Decline: Results From the Heart & Mind Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narlon C. Boa Sorte Silva ◽  
Andrea F. M. Petrella ◽  
Nathan Christopher ◽  
Catherine F. S. Marriott ◽  
Dawn P. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background: The impact of exercise on cognition in older adults with hypertension and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is unclear.Objectives: We determined the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with mind-motor training on cognition and systolic blood pressure (BP) in older adults with hypertension and SCD.Methods: We randomized 128 community-dwelling older adults [age mean (SD): 71.1 (6.7), 47.7% females] with history of hypertension and SCD to either HIIT or a moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) group. Both groups received 15 min of mind-motor training followed by 45 min of either HIIT or MCT. Participants exercised in total 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 6 months. We assessed changes in global cognitive functioning (GCF), Trail-Making Test (TMT), systolic and diastolic BP, and cardiorespiratory fitness.Results: Participants in both groups improved diastolic BP [F(1, 87.32) = 4.392, p = 0.039], with greatest effect within the HIIT group [estimated mean change (95% CI): −2.64 mmHg, (−4.79 to −0.48), p = 0.017], but no between-group differences were noted (p = 0.17). Both groups also improved cardiorespiratory fitness [F(1, 69) = 34.795, p &lt; 0.001], and TMT A [F(1, 81.51) = 26.871, p &lt; 0.001] and B [F(1, 79.49) = 23.107, p &lt; 0.001]. There were, however, no within- or between-group differences in GCF and systolic BP at follow-up.Conclusion: Despite improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise of high- or moderate-intensity, combined with mind-motor training, did not improve GCF or systolic BP in individuals with hypertension and SCD.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03545958).

The Effect of Self-Paced Exercise Intensity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Frontal Grey Matter Volume in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Frost ◽  
Michael Weinborn ◽  
Gilles E. Gignac ◽  
Ying Xia ◽  
Vincent Doré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cognitively Normal

Abstract Objective: Exercise has been found to be important in maintaining neurocognitive health. However, the effect of exercise intensity level remains relatively underexplored. Thus, to test the hypothesis that self-paced high-intensity exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (peak aerobic capacity; VO2peak) increase grey matter (GM) volume, we examined the effect of a 6-month exercise intervention on frontal lobe GM regions that support the executive functions in older adults. Methods: Ninety-eight cognitively normal participants (age = 69.06 ± 5.2 years; n = 54 female) were randomised into either a self-paced high- or moderate-intensity cycle-based exercise intervention group, or a no-intervention control group. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and fitness assessment pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 12-months post-intervention. Results: The intervention was found to increase fitness in the exercise groups, as compared with the control group (F = 9.88, p = <0.001). Changes in pre-to-post-intervention fitness were associated with increased volume in the right frontal lobe (β = 0.29, p = 0.036, r = 0.27), right supplementary motor area (β = 0.30, p = 0.031, r = 0.29), and both right (β = 0.32, p = 0.034, r = 0.30) and left gyrus rectus (β = 0.30, p = 0.037, r = 0.29) for intervention, but not control participants. No differences in volume were observed across groups. Conclusions: At an aggregate level, six months of self-paced high- or moderate-intensity exercise did not increase frontal GM volume. However, experimentally-induced changes in individual cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with frontal GM volume in our sample of older adults. These results provide evidence of individual variability in exercise-induced fitness on brain structure.

An Intentionally Designed Walking Program for Seniors Results in Enhanced Community Connection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kellie Walters ◽  
Mary Marshall ◽  
Alexandra Nicole Wilkinson ◽  
Michael Duxx Natividad
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Activity ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Walking Programs

Social connection is vital for older adults’ physical and psychological well-being, yet nearly one third of them report feeling lonely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a monthly walking program (walking once a month for 8 months) on older adults’ community connection. Older adults (Mage = 78.06 ± 5.98 years) completed a focus group at the completion of the program (n = 15). Qualitative findings indicate that participation in the walking program led to enhanced social connection. Researchers developed six major themes: (1) frequent and engaging walking programs, (2) benefits of group activity, (3) enhanced social connections, (4) connection to the community, (5) knowledge about transit, and (6) personal well-being, and 10 subthemes. Implications from this study highlight the importance of designing a walking program with older adults’ needs and desires in mind.

Benefits of a Pole Walking Program Offered by Community Organizations on Physical Fitness, Psychological Well-Being, and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-662
Author(s):  
Baptiste Fournier ◽  
Maxime Lussier ◽  
Nathalie Bier ◽  
Johanne Filiatrault ◽  
Manon Parisien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Walking Programs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pole Walking

The authors examined the effects of a 12-week pole walking program on function and well-being in 123 older adults aged 60 years and older, recruited by community organizations. The results showed a significant improvement in the participants’ upper and lower limb strength in the experimental groups compared with those in the control groups (p < .05) and a significant deterioration in the walking speed and grip strength in women in the control groups compared with those in the experimental groups (p < .05). Although not statistically significant, the results also showed a trend toward greater improvement in global cognitive function in the participants in the experimental groups (p = .076). These results suggest that a pole walking program provided in natural conditions can improve physical capabilities in older adults. Other studies are warranted to further explore the impact of pole walking programs on older adults offered in such conditions, especially their impact on cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Walking Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannique G.Z. van Uffelen ◽  
Marijke J.M. Chinapaw ◽  
Marijke Hopman-Rock ◽  
Willem van Mechelen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Weekly Group

This study examined the feasibility and effect on aerobic fitness of a 1-yr, twice-weekly, group-based moderate-intensity walking program (MI-WP,n= 77) compared with a low-intensity activity program (LI-AP,n= 75) for community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thirty participants did not start a program; median attendance in the other 122 participants was 71%. Small but significant associations were observed between attendance and memory in the MI-WP and general cognition in the LI-AP. Associations were no longer significant when both groups were analyzed together. Intensity, assessed using percentage of heart-rate reserve and the Borg scale, equaled intended intensity for both programs. Aerobic fitness improved significantly in participants in the MI-WP. In conclusion, cognition was not clearly associated with attendance in the 62 participants starting the MI-WP, and average attendance was good. The intensity was feasible for participants who continued the MI-WP. The findings support the proposal that regular moderate-intensity walking improves aerobic fitness in adults with MCI.

scholarly journals The Impact of Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Metabolic Parameters in Older Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jian Wu ◽  
Zhu-Ying Wang ◽  
Hao-En Gao ◽  
Xian-Feng Zhou ◽  
Fang Hui LI
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related outcomes in older adults. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until Oct 2019) for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT on physical fitness, metabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies; Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results: HIIT significantly improved the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) compared with a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol (HIIT vs. MICT: weighted mean difference = 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.07, p < 0.001). Additional subgroup analyses determined that training periods > 12 wks, training frequencies of 2 sessions/wk, session lengths of 40 min, 6 sets and repetitions, training times per repetition of > 60 s, and rest times of < 90 s are more effective for VO 2max . Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that HIIT induces favorable adaptions in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, muscle power, cardiac contractile function, and citrate synthase activities in older individuals which may help to maintain aerobic fitness and slow down the process of sarcopenia.

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